Amaphrothokholi okuphepha okuphatha ama-High Voltage Transformers

Ama-voltage aphezulu ayingxenye ebalulekile yemisebenzi eminingi yezimboni neyokuhweba, kodwa futhi eza nezingozi ezingokwemvelo ngenxa yenani eliphezulu lamandla kagesi eziwaphathayo. Izimiso zokuphepha zokuphatha ama-voltage aphezulu zibalulekile ukuvikela abasebenzi nokuvikela izingozi. Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngezinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuphepha kanye nemikhuba engcono kakhulu yokusebenza ngama-voltage aphezulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe indawo yokusebenza ephephile nevikelekile.

Ukuqonda High Voltage Transformers

Ngaphambi kokuhlolisisa izimiso zokuphepha zokuphatha ama-voltage aphezulu, kubalulekile ukuba nokuqonda okuyisisekelo kokuthi ziyini nokuthi zisebenza kanjani. Ama-voltage aphezulu angamadivayisi kagesi asetshenziselwa ukuguqula ama-voltage ukusuka kwelinye izinga ukuya kwelinye, ngokuvamile ukusuka ku-voltage ephezulu ukuya ku-voltage ephansi noma ngokuphambene nalokho. Zivame ukusetshenziswa ekudluliseni nasekusabalaliseni amandla, kanye nasemishinini yezimboni nemishini.

Ama-transformer kagesi aphezulu ahlanganisa amakhoyili ayisisekelo nawesibili, alinyazwa enkabeni yensimbi noma ezinye izinto zikazibuthe. Uma i-alternating current (AC) igeleza kukhoyili eyinhloko, idala inkambu kazibuthe eshintshayo, engenisa i-voltage kukhoyili yesibili. Le nqubo ivumela ukudluliswa nokusabalalisa ugesi ngendlela efanele emazingeni ahlukene kagesi.

Ngenxa yenani eliphezulu lamandla kagesi namandla amanje aphathwa ngama-voltage aphezulu, adala izingozi ezinkulu zikagesi, okuhlanganisa ingozi yokushaqeka kukagesi, ukusha, ngisho nokufa. Kubalulekile ukuthi abasebenzi abaphethe ama-voltage aphezulu baqaphele lezi zingozi futhi balandele imithetho eqinile yokuphepha ukuze bagweme izingozi nokulimala.

Izinto Zokuzivikela Zomuntu Siqu (PPE)

Esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuphepha lapho usebenza nama-voltage aphezulu ukusetshenziswa kwemishini efanele yokuvikela umuntu (i-PPE). I-PPE yakhelwe ukuvikela abasebenzi ezingozini zikagesi, ukusha, nezinye izingozi ezihlobene nemishini yamandla kagesi aphezulu. Lapho usebenza ngama-voltage aphezulu, kufanele kusetshenziswe i-PPE elandelayo:

- Amagilavu ​​avaliwe: Amagilavu ​​enjoloba angafakwanga abalulekile ekuvikeleni abasebenzi ekushayweni wugesi nasekushiseni lapho besebenza noma eduze kwempahla kagesi enamandla. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa amagilavu ​​akalelwe amazinga kagesi aphathwayo futhi uwahlole njalo ukuze athole noma yiziphi izimpawu zokulimala noma ukuguga.

- Izihlangu zobuso nezibuko zokuphepha: Izihlangu zobuso nezibuko zokuphepha zibalulekile ukuze kuvikelwe amehlo nobuso bezisebenzi kuma-arc kagesi, izinhlansi, nemfucumfucu engase ikhiqizwe lapho isebenza ngama-voltage aphezulu. Kufanele zenziwe ngezinto ezimelana nomthelela omkhulu futhi kufanele zihlangabezane nezindinganiso ezifanele zokuphepha zomsebenzi kagesi.

- Izingubo ezimelana nelangabi: Lapho zisebenza ngama-voltage aphezulu, abasebenzi kufanele bagqoke izingubo ezimelana namalangabi ukuze bazivikele engozini yokusha okubangelwa ama-arc kagesi noma imililo evuthayo. Izingubo ezimelana nelangabi kufanele zenziwe ngezinto ezingasebenzisi futhi kufanele zimboze wonke umzimba ukuze zinikeze ukuvikeleka okuphezulu.

Ngokungeziwe kulawa ma-PPE, ezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezifana namathuluzi afakwe i-insulated, izithungatha amandla kagesi, negiya lokuvikela ukuwa nazo zingadingeka kuye ngemisebenzi ethile eyenziwayo. Kubalulekile ukuthi abaqashi banikeze abasebenzi babo i-PPE efanele futhi baqinisekise ukuthi igcinwa ngendlela efanele futhi isetshenziswa ngokuvumelana neziqondiso zomkhiqizi.

Izinqubo zokukhiya/i-Tagout

Izinqubo zokukhiya/zokuphuma zibalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwabasebenzi lapho benza umsebenzi wokulungisa noma wokukhanda ama-voltage aphezulu. I-Lockout/tagout yindlela esetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukukhululwa kwamandla ayingozi ngenkathi kwenziwa imisebenzi yokunakekela noma yokusevisa. Lapho usebenza kuma-voltage aphezulu, kubalulekile ukulandela lezi zinqubo ukuze kuvinjelwe amandla emishini ngephutha nokuvikela abasebenzi ezingozini zikagesi.

Ngaphambi kokuqala noma yimuphi umsebenzi wokulungisa noma wokulungisa isiguquli samandla kagesi aphezulu, lezi zinqubo ezilandelayo zokukhiya/zokuthinta kufanele zilandelwe:

- Thola imithombo yamandla: Izisebenzi kufanele zihlonze yonke imithombo yamandla okudingeka ibekwe yodwa, okuhlanganisa nemithombo kagesi, imishini, kanye ne-hydraulic. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukuvala amandla amakhulu, ama-valve avimbelayo, noma ukuvimbela ukukhululwa kwamandla ayingozi.

- Khiya futhi umake amadivaysi okuhlukanisa amandla: Uma imithombo yamandla isikhonjiwe futhi isihlukanisiwe, abasebenzi kufanele bakhiye futhi bamake imishini yokuhlukanisa ukuze bavinjwe ukuthi bangaphinde banikezwe amandla. Imishini yokukhiya kufanele isetshenziselwe ukuvimbela ngokoqobo ukusebenza kwemishini yokuhlukanisa amandla, futhi omaka kufanele basetshenziselwe ukunikeza isexwayiso esicacile sokuthi umsebenzi wokulungisa uyenziwa.

- Qinisekisa ukuhlukaniswa kwamandla: Ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi, abasebenzi kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi yonke imithombo yamandla ibekwe yodwa ngokuphumelelayo nokuthi okokusebenza kusesimweni esiphephile ukuze silungiswe. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukuhlola okokusebenza ngomtshina we-voltage noma ezinye izindlela ezifanele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kuphelelwa amandla.

-Buyisela imithombo yamandla: Uma umsebenzi wokulungisa noma wokulungisa usuqediwe, imishini yokukhiya/i-tagout ingasuswa, futhi imithombo yamandla ingabuyiselwa. Kubalulekile ukuthi abasebenzi balandele izinqubo ezithile zokubuyisela imithombo yamandla ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi okokusebenza kunikezwa amandla kabusha ngokuphephile ngaphandle kokubeka izingozi kubasebenzi noma endaweni ezungezile.

Izinqubo zokukhiya ngaphandle/zokuphuma zilawulwa yimithetho ye-OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration), futhi kubalulekile kubaqashi nabasebenzi ukuthi bajwayelane nale mithetho futhi bayilandele ngokuqinile ukuze bavimbele izingozi nokulimala lapho besebenza ngama-voltage aphezulu.

Izindlela Zokusebenza Eziphephile

Ngaphezu kokusebenzisa i-PPE efanele kanye nokulandela izinqubo zokuvala ngaphandle/zokuthinta, kunezinqubo ezimbalwa zokusebenza eziphephile okufanele zilandelwe lapho kusetshenzwa ngama-voltage aphezulu ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yezingozi nokulimala. Lokhu kubandakanya:

- Ukuqeqeshwa okufanele: Abasebenzi abaphatha ama-voltage aphezulu kufanele bathole ukuqeqeshwa okuphelele mayelana nokuphepha kukagesi, okuhlanganisa izingozi zemishini kagesi ephezulu, izindlela zokusebenza eziphephile, kanye nezinqubo eziphuthumayo. Ukuqeqeshwa kufanele kuhlinzekwe ngabafundisi abaqeqeshiwe futhi kufanele kuvuselelwe njalo ukuze kubonise noma yiziphi izinguquko kumishini noma izinqubo.

- Izimvume nezinqubo: Ngaphambi kokwenza noma yimuphi umsebenzi kuma-voltage aphezulu, abasebenzi kufanele balandele izimvume nezinqubo ezithile ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi umsebenzi wenziwa ngokuphepha nangokuhambisana nemithethonqubo. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukuthola izimvume zokusebenza, ukulandela izinqubo zokusebenza ezimisiwe, nokuthola ukugunyazwa kubaphathi noma kubasebenzi abagunyaziwe.

- Ukugcina ibanga eliphephile: Lapho besebenza ngama-voltage aphezulu noma eduze nawo, abasebenzi kufanele bagcine ibanga eliphephile ukusuka emishinini enamandla ukuze bavimbele ingozi yokushaqeka kukagesi noma i-arc flash. Amabanga afanele okusebenza aphephile kufanele achazwe ngokucacile futhi adluliselwe kubasebenzi, futhi imigoqo noma izindawo ezivalekile kufanele zisetshenziselwe ukuvimbela ukungena okungagunyaziwe ezindaweni eziyingozi.

- Impendulo yezimo eziphuthumayo: Uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo, esifana nenkinga kagesi noma ukulimala, abasebenzi kufanele bajwayele izinqubo zokubhekana nezimo eziphuthumayo futhi kufanele baqeqeshelwe ukuphendula ngendlela efanele ukuze banciphise imiphumela yesimo esiphuthumayo. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukunikeza usizo lokuqala, ukuxhumana nabezimo eziphuthumayo, noma ukusebenzisa izinqubo zokuphuma njengoba kudingekile.

Ngokulandela lezi zindlela zokusebenza eziphephile, abasebenzi banganciphisa ubungozi obuhlobene nokusebenza ngama-voltage aphezulu futhi baqinisekise indawo yokusebenza ephephile nevikelekile bona kanye nozakwabo.

Ukuhlola kanye Nokunakekela Okuvamile

Ukuhlolwa njalo nokugcinwa kwama-voltage aphezulu kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwawo okuphephile nokuthembekile. Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kuhlonzwe noma yiziphi izimpawu zokuguga, ukonakala, noma ukungasebenzi okungase kube yingozi yokuphepha. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo, ukuhlolwa kukagesi, nezinye izinqubo zokuxilonga ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi okokusebenza kusesimweni esihle sokusebenza.

Ngesikhathi somsebenzi wokulungisa, abasebenzi kufanele balandele izinqubo ezifanele zokukhiya ngaphandle/zokuphuma futhi basebenzise i-PPE edingekayo ukuze bazivikele ezingozini zikagesi. Kufanele futhi balandele imihlahlandlela yomkhiqizi kanye nezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zemboni zokugcina ama-voltage aphezulu, okuhlanganisa ukuhlanza, ukugcoba, nokulungisa izingxenye njengoba kudingeka.

Uma kukhona ukukhubazeka noma izingozi zokuphepha ezihlonzwe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa noma ukulungiswa, kufanele kubhekwane nazo ngokushesha ukuze kuvinjelwe noma yiziphi izingozi ezingaba khona noma ukulimala. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukulungisa noma ukushintsha izingxenye ezilimele, ukwenza ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe, noma ukusebenzisa izinyathelo zokuphepha ezengeziwe ukuze kuncishiswe ubungozi obuhlobene namathuluzi.

Isiphetho

Sengiphetha, izimiso zokuphepha zokuphatha ama-voltage aphezulu zibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha nokuphila kahle kwabasebenzi abasebenzisa futhi banakekele le mishini ebalulekile kagesi. Ngokulandela i-PPE efanele, izinqubo zokukhiya ngaphandle/zokuphuma, izinqubo zokusebenza eziphephile, kanye nemihlahlandlela yokuhlola nokunakekela okuvamile, abasebenzi bangakwazi ukunciphisa izingozi ezihlobene nama-voltage aphezulu futhi bakhe indawo yokusebenza ephephile nevikelekile. Kubalulekile ukuthi abaqashi banikeze ukuqeqeshwa okuphelele nezisetshenziswa kubasebenzi babo futhi baphoqelele ukubambelela ngokuqinile ezimisweni zokuphepha ukuze kuvinjelwe izingozi nokulimala. Ngokubeka phambili ukuphepha nokulandela izinqubo ezingcono kakhulu, abasebenzi bangasebenza ngokuzethemba nangokuvikelekile ngama-voltage aphezulu, bazi ukuthi bavikelekile ezingozini ezingokwemvelo zala mathuluzi kagesi abalulekile.