Izinto zikagesi zidlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwamasistimu okugcina amandla, zibe nomthelela kuyo yonke into kusukela ekusebenzeni kahle nokuthembeka kuye kuyo yonke impilo. Njengoba intuthuko endaweni yokugcina amandla iqhubeka nokusungula izinto ezintsha emithonjeni yamandla avuselelekayo, ukubaluleka kokukhetha izinto zikagesi ezifanele angeke kugcizelelwe. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola umthelela wezinto zikagesi ekusebenzeni kwezinhlelo zokugcina amandla, sihlola izici ezibalulekile ezifaka isandla ekusebenzeni kwazo.
Uma kuziwa ezinhlelweni zokugcina amandla, ukukhethwa kwezinto zikagesi kubaluleke kakhulu. Izinto ezikhethiwe kumele zikwazi ukumelana nobunzima bomjikelezo wokushaja nokukhipha, kanye nokugcina ukusebenza kwazo isikhathi eside. Izingxenye eziyinhloko zezinhlelo zokugcina amandla, njengamabhethri nama-capacitor, zithembele ekuphatheni kukagesi kanye nezakhiwo zokufakelwa kwezinto ezisetshenzisiwe. Isibonelo, kumabhethri e-lithium-ion, ukukhetha kwezinto ze-electrode kungathinta kakhulu ukuminyana kwamandla, impilo yomjikelezo, nokusebenza kukonke kwebhethri. Ngokufanayo, kuma-supercapacitor, ukukhethwa kwezinto ze-electrode nezinto ze-electrolyte kunquma amandla athile, ukuminyana kwamandla, nokuzinza kwamabhayisikili wedivayisi.
I-electrical conductivity iyisici esibalulekile esithinta ngokuqondile ukusebenza kwezinhlelo zokugcina amandla. I-conductivity yezinto ezisetshenziswa kuma-electrode kanye nabaqoqi bamanje inquma ukusebenza kahle kokudluliswa kwemali ngaphakathi kwesistimu. I-conductivity kagesi ephezulu inciphisa ukumelana kwangaphakathi, okuholela ekushayweni okuthuthukisiwe kanye namazinga okukhipha. Ithusi ne-aluminium kuvame ukusetshenziswa njengabaqoqi bamanje ngenxa ye-conductivity ephezulu, izindleko eziphansi, nokutholakala. Endabeni yamabhethri, ukukhethwa kwezinto ze-electrode njengegraphite, i-lithium cobalt oxide, ne-lithium iron phosphate kuba nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwe-electrode, ekugcineni kube nomthelela ekusebenzeni kukonke kwebhethri.
Izakhiwo ezishisayo zezinto zikagesi zibalulekile ezinhlelweni zokugcina amandla, njengoba zithonya ngokuqondile ukuphepha nokuzinza kwesikhathi eside kwamadivayisi. Amabhethri nama-capacitor akhiqiza ukushisa ngesikhathi sokusebenza, futhi ikhono lezinto zokwakha lokuqeda lokhu kushisa libalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukuphuma kokushisa nokuqinisekisa ubude bokuphila besistimu. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezishisayo, njenge-graphene ne-carbon nanotubes, ziyacwaningwa ukuze zikwazi ukuthuthukisa ukuphathwa okushisayo kwezinhlelo zokugcina amandla. Ngokuthuthukisa ukunqanyulwa kokushisa ngaphakathi kwamadivayisi, lezi zinto ezisetshenziswayo zingasiza ukugcina izinga lokushisa elilungile lokusebenza futhi zinciphise ubungozi bokuwohloka okubangelwa ukushisa.
Izinto zokufaka i-insulating zibaluleke ngokulinganayo ezinhlelweni zokugcina amandla, njengoba zisebenza ukuvimbela ukuvuza kukagesi namasekethe amafushane ngaphakathi kwamadivayisi. Izihlukanisi kumabhethri nama-capacitor ngokuvamile enziwa kusukela kuma-polymers afaka ukushisa abonisa amandla aphezulu e-dielectric kanye nokuzinza kwe-thermal. Lezi zinto zisebenza njengesithiyo phakathi kwama-electrode amahle noma angalungile, avimbela ukuthintana okuqondile kanye namandla okujikeleza okufushane kwangaphakathi. Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokuvikela i-insulating kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha nokwethembeka kwezinhlelo zokugcina amandla, ikakhulukazi ezinsizeni ezinamandla kagesi lapho ubungozi bokuqhekeka kwe-insulation buyanda.
Ngaphezu kokucatshangelwa kokusebenza, umthelela wemvelo wezinto zikagesi ezinhlelweni zokugcina amandla kuwukukhathazeka okukhulayo. Ukukhishwa, ukucutshungulwa, kanye nokulahlwa kwezinto ezifana ne-lithium, i-cobalt, ne-nickel kuphakamisa ukusimama kanye nemibuzo yokuziphatha mayelana nokusebenza kwesikhathi eside kobuchwepheshe bamanje bokugcina amandla. Ngenxa yalokho, imizamo yocwaningo igxile ekuthuthukiseni ezinye izinto zokwakha kanye namasu okusebenzisa kabusha ukuze kuncishiswe indawo ezungezile yezinhlelo zokugcina amandla. Ngokuhlanganisa izinto ezisimeme nezinobungani kwemvelo, imiphumela emibi yokugcinwa kwamandla emvelweni ingancishiswa, kube nomthelela esimweni samandla esimeme kakhudlwana.
Kafushane, umthelela wezinto zikagesi ekusebenzeni kwezinhlelo zokugcina amandla ziningi, ezihlanganisa izici ezifana ne-conductivity, izakhiwo ezishisayo, ukwahlukanisa, nokucatshangelwa kwemvelo. Ukukhethwa kwezinto kudlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni ukusebenza kahle, ukwethembeka, kanye nomthelela wemvelo wezinhlelo zokugcina amandla. Njengoba isidingo sokugcinwa kwamandla siqhubeka sikhula, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezithuthukisiwe kanye namasu aqhubekayo kuzoba usizo ekulolongeni ikusasa lobuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela indima ebalulekile yezinto zikagesi ekufezeni amandla aphelele ezinhlelo zokugcina amandla kanye nokuqhubeka nokutshala imali ocwaningweni nasekusunguleni ukuze kuthuthukiswe lo mkhakha.
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