Wake wazibuza ukuthi ama-voltage aphezulu asebenza kanjani ukunika amandla amadolobha wonke noma imishini yezimboni? I-physics engemuva kwalezi ziguquli iyinkimbinkimbi, ihlanganisa izimiso zikazibuthe kagesi, ukungenisa, kanye nokudluliswa kwamandla. Kulesi sihloko, sizongena emhlabeni othakazelisayo wokusebenza kwe-voltage ephezulu ukuze siqonde isayensi engemuva kokusebenza kwawo.
Ama-voltage aphezulu ayingxenye ebalulekile ohlelweni lokudluliswa kwamandla kanye nokusabalalisa. Banomthwalo wemfanelo wokwenyusa amandla kagesi aphehlwa ezikhungweni zikagesi ukuze udluliselwe amabanga amade ngendlela ephumelelayo bese bewehlisa ukuze usatshalaliswe ngokuphephile ezindlini nasemabhizinisini. Umgomo oyisisekelo ngemuva kokusebenza kwabo ukungeniswa kukazibuthe, okuvumela ukudluliswa kwamandla kagesi kusuka kwesinye isifunda kuya kwesinye ngokusebenzisa insimu kazibuthe.
Ku-transformer yamandla kagesi aphezulu, kunamakhoyili amabili ezintambo, aziwa ngokuthi ama-winding ayisisekelo nawesibili, asongwe umgogodla ngokuvamile owenziwe ngensimbi noma ngensimbi. Uma i-alternating current (AC) igeleza ekujikeni okuyinhloko, ikhiqiza inkambu kazibuthe ehlukahlukene kumongo. Le nkambu kazibuthe eshintshayo idala amandla e-electromotive kumajika esibili, okuholela ekudlulisweni kwamandla ukusuka kuyisekethe eyinhloko kuya kweyesibili.
Isilinganiso senani lokuphenduka kuma-winding ayisisekelo nakwesibili sinquma isilinganiso sokuguqulwa kwe-voltage ye-transformer. Isibonelo, uma ukujikajika okuyinhloko kunokujika okungu-100 futhi ukujika kwesibili kunokujika okungama-200, i-transformer izokhuphula i-voltage ngokuphindwe kabili. Ngokuphambene, uma ukuphenduka kwesibili kunokujika okungama-50, i-voltage izokwehliswa ngesici sokubili. Lesi simiso esiyisisekelo sivumela ama-voltage aphezulu ukuthi alawule kahle futhi adlulise amandla kagesi kumazinga kagesi ahlukene.
Ama-voltage aphezulu asebenza ngamandla amakhulu, okungaholela ekuqhekekeni kukagesi kanye nokwehluleka kokushisa uma kungathathwa izinyathelo ezifanele. Ukuvimbela lokhu, ama-windings nezinye izingxenye zikagesi ze-transformer zifakwe izinto ezikhethekile ezifana namafutha amaminerali, amaphepha, kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlanganisa ezihlanganisiwe. Lezi zinto zinikeza amandla e-dielectric nokuzinza kokushisa, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-transformer ingakwazi ukumelana nokuphakama okuphezulu kanye nemisinga ngaphandle kokunqotshwa ukwehluleka kukagesi.
Ngaphezu kokufakwa kwe-insulation, izinhlelo zokupholisa zibalulekile ekugcineni izinga lokushisa elifanele lokusebenzisa ama-voltage aphezulu. Ukugeleza okuqhubekayo kwamandla kagesi ngokusebenzisa ama-windings kudala ukushisa, okumele kukhishwe ukuvimbela ukushisa nokulimala ku-transformer. Izindlela zokupholisa ezivamile zihlanganisa amasistimu acwiliswa ngamafutha, lapho i-transformer icwiliswa ethangini lamafutha e-insulating abamba futhi aqede ukushisa, kanye nezinhlelo zokupholisa umoya noma amanzi ngempoqo, lapho amafeni noma amanzi ajikelezayo esiza ukususa ukushisa okukhulu.
Ukufakwa okufanelekile nokupholisa kubalulekile ekusebenzeni okuthembekile nokuphephile kwama-voltage aphezulu, njengoba aqinisekisa ubuqotho bezingxenye zikagesi futhi avimbele ukuwohloka kokushisa ngaphansi kwezimo zomthwalo osindayo.
Umnyombo we-high-voltage transformer udlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwayo konke nokusebenza kwayo. Umongo uhlinzeka ngendlela yokuguquguquka kazibuthe okukhiqizwa ukujikajika okuyinhloko, okuwuvumela ukuthi uxhumane namajika esibili futhi wenze kube lula ukudluliswa kwamandla. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahleka kwamandla nokwandisa ukusebenza kahle, ama-transformer cores akhiwa kusetshenziswa izinto ezinokungena kazibuthe okuphezulu kanye ne-hysteresis ephansi kanye nokulahlekelwa kwamanje kwe-eddy.
Ngokwesiko, ama-transformer cores ayenziwe nge-laminated silicon steel, enikeza izakhiwo ezinhle kazibuthe futhi yanciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwamanje kwe-eddy ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zokuvikela. Kodwa-ke, ukuthuthuka kwezinto eziyisisekelo kanye nemiklamo kuholele ekuthuthukisweni kwama-amorphous kanye nama-nanocrystalline alloys, abonisa ukulahlekelwa okuphansi okuyisisekelo nokusebenza okuphezulu. Lezi zinto zizuzisa kakhulu ama-voltage aphezulu asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezonga amandla nezingangeni imvelo.
Ngaphezu kwezinto eziyinhloko, ukuklanywa kwengqikithi ngokwayo kuthonya ukusebenza kahle kwe-transformer. Izimo eziyinhloko ezifana ne-E-core, i-I-core, kanye ne-shell-type core zithuthukiselwa izilinganiso ze-voltage ethile namandla, ngokucatshangelwa kokunciphisa ukuvuza okuguquguqukayo kazibuthe kanye nokukhulisa ukudluliswa kwamandla. Ngokwakha ngokucophelela umklamo oyinhloko nokukhetha izinto ezifanele, ama-voltage aphezulu angafinyelela amazinga aphezulu okusebenza nokusebenza kahle ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene zikagesi.
Ukusebenza kwama-voltage aphezulu kudinga ukulawulwa okunembile nokulawula ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukudluliswa kwamandla okuzinzile nokuthembekile nokusabalalisa. Enye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokulawula i-voltage ephumayo ye-transformer ngokusebenzisa izishintshi zompompi, ezivumela ukulungiswa kwesilinganiso sokuphenduka kwe-transformer ukuze kunxeshezelwe ukuhluka kwe-voltage yokufaka noma izimo zokulayisha.
Izishintshi ze-tap ngokuvamile zisetshenziswa njengemishini noma ye-elekthronikhi enika amandla ukuxhumeka kwamaphoyinti ahlukene eduze kwamawindi ayisisekelo noma esibili ukuze kulungiswe inani elisebenzayo lokujika. Leli khono lenza i-transformer ikwazi ukumelana nokuguquguquka ku-voltage wokufaka kusuka kugridi yamandla noma izinguquko ku-voltage ophumayo odingwa umthwalo, igcine amazinga kagesi afunekayo ukuze isistimu isebenze kahle.
Ngokungeziwe kuzishintshi zompompi, ama-voltage aphezulu angase ahlanganise izinzwa zamandla kagesi nezamanje, ama-relay avikelayo, namasistimu okulawula ukuze aqaphe futhi alawule ukusebenza kwawo. Lawa madivayisi ahlinzeka ngempendulo yesikhathi sangempela mayelana nezimo zokusebenza kwe-transformer, okuvumela ukutholwa kwezehlakalo ezingavamile njengokugcwala ngokweqile, amasekhethi amafushane, noma ukuhlukaniswa kwe-insulation. Ngokuhlanganisa izindlela zokulawula nokuvikela ezihlakaniphile, ama-voltage aphezulu angakwazi ukugcina ukusebenza okuphephile nokusebenza kahle ngenkathi enciphisa ingozi yamaphutha kagesi kanye nesikhathi sokuphumula.
Ama-voltage aphezulu athola izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukene emikhakheni yokuphehla ugesi, ukudluliselwa, kanye nezimboni, lapho zibalulekile ekuguquleni nasekudluliseleni amandla kagesi ngokusebenza kahle okuphezulu nokuthembeka. Zibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwamagridi kagesi, iziteshi ezincane, izinhlelo zamandla avuselelekayo, nezinqubo ezihlukahlukene zezimboni ezidinga ukuguqulwa kwamazinga kagesi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezithile zamandla.
Uma sibheka phambili, imizamo eqhubekayo yocwaningo nentuthuko kubuchwepheshe be-voltage eguquguqukayo igxile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokusimama kwemvelo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kwezinto ezintsha eziwumongo, amasistimu okushisa athuthukile, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokupholisa obusha ukuze kuqhutshekwe kuncishiswe ukulahleka kwamandla nokuthuthukisa ukwethembeka kokusebenza. Ukwengeza, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokuqapha kwedijithali kanye nezinhlelo zokuxilonga zenza ukunakekelwa okubikezelwe kanye nokuqapha okusekelwe esimweni sama-voltage aphezulu, okuholela ekwenyukeni kwesikhathi kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zokulungisa.
Sengiphetha, i-physics engemuva kokusebenza kwe-high voltage transformer ihlanganisa uhla lwezimiso eziyisisekelo nemiqondo yobunjiniyela ethuthukisiwe evumela ukudluliswa kwamandla kagesi okuphumelelayo nokuthembekile. Ukusuka ekungeneni kuka-electromagnetic kuye ekufakeni, ukupholisa, ukuklama okuyisisekelo, nezinhlelo zokulawula, ubunkimbinkimbi bobuchwepheshe be-transformer buyaqhubeka nokuqhuba inqubekelaphambili ezinhlelweni zamandla kagesi futhi bulolonge ikusasa lokulethwa kwamandla. Njengoba isidingo samandla ahlanzekile, esimeme sikhula, ama-voltage aphezulu azodlala indima ebalulekile ekusizeni ukushintshela kwingqalasizinda kagesi ehlanzekile futhi exhumeke kakhulu.
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