Ugesi uyingxenye ebalulekile yomphakathi wanamuhla, unika amandla yonke into kusukela ezindlini nasemabhizinisini kuya kubuchwepheshe obuthuthukile kanye nemishini yezokwelapha. Njengoba isidingo samandla siqhubeka sikhuphuka, kunesidingo esikhulayo sezinhlelo zokugcina amandla ezisebenzayo ukuze zisekele imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo njengelanga nomoya. Ekuthuthukisweni kwezinhlelo zokugcina amandla ezizukulwaneni ezilandelayo, indima yezinto zikagesi ayikwazi ukweqiwa. Lezi zinto zibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza nokuthembeka kobuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla, okubenza kube okugxilwe kakhulu kocwaningo nentuthuko kulo mkhakha.
Amasistimu okugcina amandla adlala indima ebalulekile ekulinganiseni ukuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo sikagesi, ikakhulukazi njengoba umhlaba uguqukela ekusaseni elisekelwe ngamandla elivuselelekayo. Lezi zinhlelo zigcina amandla engeziwe lapho ukunikezwa kudlula isidingo futhi siwakhulule lapho isidingo sidlula ukunikezwa. Lokhu kusiza ukusimamisa igridi nokuqinisekisa ukuphakelwa kwamandla okuthembekile kubathengi. Amasistimu okugcina amandla nawo adlala indima ebalulekile ekuvumeleni ukuhlanganiswa kwemithombo yamandla ngezikhathi ezithile, njengelanga nomoya, kugridi ngokunikeza indlela yokugcina amandla azo ukuze asetshenziswe ngezikhathi zokukhanya kwelanga noma umoya ophansi. Kanjalo, amasistimu okugcina amandla angumthombo oyinhloko wengqalasizinda yamandla esimeme futhi eqinile.
Izinto zikagesi zisezinhliziyweni zezinhlelo zokugcina amandla, zisebenzisa imisebenzi ehlukahlukene ebalulekile evumela ukugcinwa kwamandla okusebenzayo nokuthembekile. Lezi zinto zisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwamabhethri, ama-capacitor, namanye amathuluzi okugcina amandla, lapho kusiza ukunyakaza kwama-electron nama-ion ukugcina nokukhulula amandla. Ukukhethwa kwezinto zikagesi kunomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni, ezindlekweni, nasekuphileni kwezinhlelo zokugcina amandla, okuwenza abe indawo ebalulekile okugxilwe kuyo abacwaningi nonjiniyela kulo mkhakha.
Amabhethri mhlawumbe ayindlela eyaziwa kakhulu yokugcina amandla, asetshenziswa kuyo yonke into kusukela kuma-smartphones nama-laptops kuya ezimotweni zikagesi nezinhlelo zokugcina isikali segridi. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kube nentuthuko enkulu kubuchwepheshe bebhethri obuqhutshwa ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto zikagesi. Isibonelo, ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion kuguqule izimboni eziphathwayo ze-elekthronikhi nezimoto zikagesi, okuhlinzeka ngamandla amakhulu kanye nempilo yomjikelezo omude. Abacwaningi bayaqhubeka nokuhlola izinto ezintsha, njenge-lithium-sulphur kanye nama-electrolyte aqinile, ukuze baqhubeke nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza nokuphepha kwamabhethri aphinde ashajwe. Le ntuthuko inamandla okuguqula indlela esigcina futhi sisebenzise ngayo amandla, siwenze asimeme futhi angabizi kakhulu.
Ama-Capacitor angolunye uhlobo olubalulekile lwedivayisi yokugcina amandla ethembele ezintweni zikagesi ekusebenzeni kwazo. Ngokungafani namabhethri, agcina amandla ngokusabela kwamakhemikhali, ama-capacitor agcina amandla endaweni kagesi. Lokhu kuzivumela ukuthi zishaje futhi zikhiphe ngokushesha kakhulu kunamabhethri, okuwenza alungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukudluliswa kwamandla okusheshayo. Ukuthuthuka kwezinto zikagesi kwenze ukuthi kwakhiwe ama-capacitor asebenza kahle kakhulu athuthukisiwe ukuminyana kwamandla namandla okulethwa kwamandla. Lokhu kunamandla okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle nokuthembeka kwezinhlelo zokugcina amandla, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni ezifana nokubhuleka okuvuselelayo ezimotweni zikagesi kanye nokuqiniswa kwegridi.
Ngaphandle kwamabhethri nama-capacitor, kunenani lobuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla obukhulayo obuthuthukiswayo ngosizo lwezinto ezithuthukisiwe zikagesi. Isibonelo, amabhethri okugeleza kwe-redox asebenzisa izixazululo ze-electrolyte ukuze agcine amandla, anikeze isisombululo sokugcina esiyingozi nesithatha isikhathi eside sezinhlelo zokusebenza zegridi. Abacwaningi bahlola izinto ezintsha zamabhethri agelezayo e-redox ukuze bathuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwawo futhi banciphise izindleko. Ngokufanayo, ama-supercapacitor, avala igebe phakathi kwama-capacitor endabuko namabhethri, ayathuthukiswa ngokusetshenziswa kwezinto zikagesi ezinoveli ukukhulisa ukuminyana kwamandla kanye nempilo yomjikelezo. Lobu buchwepheshe obusafufusa bunamandla okubhekana nezinselele eziyingqayizivele zokugcinwa kwamandla kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza, kusukela kuma-elekthronikhi aphathekayo kuya kusitoreji sesikali segridi.
Sengiphetha, izinto zikagesi zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezinhlelo zokugcina amandla ezizukulwaneni ezilandelayo. Ngokunika amandla intuthuko kubuchwepheshe bebhethri, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-capacitor, kanye nokushayela ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obuvelayo bokugcina amandla, lezi zinto zokusebenza zisiza ukwenza isitoreji samandla sisebenze kahle, sithembeke, futhi sizinze. Njengoba abacwaningi beqhubeka nokuphusha imingcele yesayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo nobunjiniyela, kungenzeka ukuthi sizobona intuthuko ejabulisa nakakhulu ezinhlelweni zokugcina amandla eminyakeni ezayo. Le ntuthuko izoba semqoka ekusekeleni ukwamukelwa okusabalele kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo kanye nokuzuza ikusasa lamandla eliqine kakhudlwana nelisimeme.
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