ICanwin iyiNkampani ye-Power Transformer yobungcweti & Umkhiqizi Wezisetshenziswa zikagesi
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ICanwin iyiNkampani ye-Power Transformer yobungcweti & Umkhiqizi Wezisetshenziswa zikagesi
Ukuqonda Ukusebenza Kwama-High Voltage Transformers
Ama-voltage aphezulu ayizingxenye ezibalulekile ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukuphehla ugesi, ukudluliswa nokusabalalisa. Lawa ma-transformer adlala indima ebalulekile ekuguquleni amandla kagesi kuma-voltage aphezulu abe ama-voltage aphansi afanele ukusetshenziswa ezindlini, emabhizinisini nasezimbonini. Ukuqonda ukusebenza kwama-voltage aphezulu kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza nokugcinwa kwawo ngendlela efanele, kanye nokwandisa ukusebenza kwawo nokusebenza kahle kwawo.
Ama-voltage aphezulu asekelwe ezimisweni zokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic, ezatholwa nguMichael Faraday ngeminyaka yawo-1830. Ngokomthetho kaFaraday wokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic, inkambu kazibuthe eshintshayo idala amandla e-electromotive (EMF) noma i-voltage kumkhondatha oseduze. Endabeni ye-transformer, lesi simiso sisetshenziselwa ukudlulisa amandla kagesi kusuka kwesinye isifunda kuya kwesinye ngokusebenzisa ukufakwa okuhlangene.
Ukwakhiwa okuyisisekelo kwe-high-voltage transformer kuhlanganisa amawindi ayisisekelo kanye nesesibili asongelwe inkaba kazibuthe evamile. Uma i-alternating current (AC) igeleza ekujikeni okuyinhloko, idala inkambu kazibuthe eshintshayo kumongo. Le nkambu kazibuthe eshintshayo idala i-voltage eshintshanayo kumajika esibili, engase isetshenziselwe ukunika amandla imithwalo kagesi ngama-voltage aphansi.
Ama-voltage aphezulu aklanyelwe ukuphatha amandla kagesi aphezulu kakhulu, ngokuvamile ebangeni lama-kilovolts ayi-100 (kV) kuya ku-800 kV noma ngaphezulu. Lawa ma-transformer asetshenziswa eziteshini zamandla kagesi, ezinhlelweni zegridi kagesi, nasezinhlelweni zezimboni lapho kudingeka khona ukudluliswa nokusabalalisa amandla kagesi aphezulu.
Ukusebenza kahle kwama-voltage aphezulu kubalulekile ekwehliseni ukulahleka kwamandla ngesikhathi sokudlulisa nokusabalalisa amandla kagesi. Ukuklanywa nokwakhiwa kwalawa ma-transformer kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kokufakwa kukagesi, izinto eziyinhloko kazibuthe, nokucushwa kwamajika ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuthembekile nokusebenza kahle.
Ama-voltage aphezulu asetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza, okubandakanya ukuphehla ugesi, amasistimu egridi kagesi, kanye nezinsiza zezimboni. Ezimbonini zokuphehla ugesi, lawa ma-transformer asetshenziselwa ukukhulisa amandla kagesi akhiqiziwe ukuze adluliselwe kahle ebangeni elide. Ekugcineni, ama-voltage aphezulu ehlisa amandla kagesi abe emazingeni afanele ukusatshalaliswa ezindlini nasemabhizinisini.
Ezinhlelweni zamagridi kagesi, ama-voltage aphezulu abalulekile ekudluliseni nasekusabalaliseni amandla kagesi asuka ezitshalweni zikagesi aye ezikhungweni zokulayisha ezihlukahlukene. Lawa ma-transformer anika amandla ukudluliswa kwamandla kagesi ngendlela efanele futhi enokwethenjelwa ebangeni elide, esiza ukuhlangabezana nesidingo samandla ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, ezisemadolobheni nasezindaweni zasemakhaya.
Ezikhungweni zezimboni, ama-voltage aphezulu asetshenziselwa ukunika amandla imishini esindayo, izinto zokusebenza, nezinhlelo zikagesi ezidinga ukufakwa kwamandla kagesi aphezulu. Lawa ma-transformer adlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlinzekeni amandla ezinqubweni zezimboni, imisebenzi yokukhiqiza, kanye nezinsiza zengqalasizinda.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-voltage aphezulu asetshenziswa ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni, ekuhlolweni kwesayensi, nasekusetshenzisweni kwe-physics yamandla aphezulu. Lawa ma-transformer ahlinzeka ngamandla kagesi aphezulu namandla adingekayo ekwenzeni izivivinyo, ukuhlola izingxenye zikagesi, kanye nokukhiqiza izenzakalo zikagesi ezinamandla amakhulu.
Ama-voltage aphezulu ahlukaniswa ngokusekelwe ekusebenzeni kwawo, ukuklama, nokwakhiwa. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zama-voltage aphezulu zihlanganisa ama-transformer okusabalalisa, ama-power transformer, ama-instrument transformer, kanye nama-transformer anenhloso ekhethekile.
Ama-transformer asatshalaliswayo asetshenziselwa ukwehlisa amandla kagesi aphezulu ukusuka kugridi kagesi ukuya emazingeni aphansi afanele ukusatshalaliswa kumakhasimende ahlala ezindaweni zokuhlala nawezohwebo. Lawa ma-transformer avame ukugxunyekwa ezigxotsheni zensiza, ezindaweni ezifakwe amaphedi, noma iziteshi ezincane ukuze zinikeze ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla kwasendaweni.
Ama-transformer kagesi aklanyelwe ukudlulisa nokusabalalisa amandla kagesi aphezulu, kanye nokuxhuma izingxenye ezahlukene zegridi kagesi. Lawa ma-transformer atholakala kuhlu olubanzi lwezilinganiso zamandla kagesi namandla, kanti amanye amayunithi akwazi ukuphatha ama-megavolt-amperes (MVA) ambalwa wamandla kagesi.
Ama-instrument transformer, okuhlanganisa ama-voltage transformer kanye nama-transformer amanje, asetshenziselwa ukukala nokuqapha amasistimu kagesi kagesi aphezulu. Lawa ma-transformer ahlinzeka nge-voltage encishisiwe noma okuphumayo kwamanje okungasetshenziswa ngokuphephile ukwenza izinsimbi, ukulawula, nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidluliswayo ezivikelayo.
Ama-transformer anenhloso ekhethekile aklanyelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile zezimboni, ezentengiselwano, noma zocwaningo ezidinga izici zikagesi ezenziwe ngokwezifiso. Lawa ma-transformer angase ahlanganise ama-rectifier transformer, ama-furnace transformer, ama-pulse transformer, nama-high voltage test transformer, phakathi kokunye.
Ukwakhiwa nokwakhiwa kwama-voltage aphezulu yizici ezibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukwethembeka, ukusebenza kanye nokuphepha kwazo. Lawa ma-transformer angaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu kagesi namandla emishini, adinga ukwahlukanisa okuqinile, izinto zikazibuthe, nezakhi zesakhiwo ukuze zimelane nezimo zokusebenza.
Ama-winding ayisisekelo nawesibili ama-high voltage transformers ngokuvamile avaleleke ngezinto zekhwalithi ephezulu, ezifana nocingo lukazibuthe olumbozwe ngoqweqwe lwawo, iphepha, kanye/noma amafilimu e-polymer. Lezi zinhlelo ze-insulation zenzelwe ukumelana nezingcindezi eziphezulu zensimu kagesi kanye nokuhlukahluka kwezinga lokushisa okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-transformer.
Umnyombo kazibuthe we-high-voltage transformer ngokuvamile wenziwa ngezinto ezikwazi ukufinyeleleka kakhulu, njengensimbi ye-silicon, insimbi ye-amorphous, noma i-ferrite, ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahlekelwa okuyinhloko futhi kuthuthukiswe ukuhlanganisa kazibuthe. I-core yakhelwe ukuhlinzeka ngendlela ephansi yokunqikaza ye-magnetic flux kanye nokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwamanje kwe-eddy.
Izingxenye zesakhiwo zama-voltage aphezulu, okuhlanganisa ithangi, isistimu yokupholisa, ama-bushings, kanye nokushisa, kuklanyelwe ukumelana nezingcindezi zemishini nezokushisa ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Ukunaka okukhethekile kunikezwa ekwakhiweni kwethangi nezinhlelo zokupholisa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukushabalaliswa kokushisa okuphumelelayo kanye nokunciphisa izinga lokushisa lendawo eshisayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-transformer kagesi aphezulu angase ahlanganise izinto ezivikelayo ezihlukahlukene, njengama-overcurrent relay, iziqapha izinga lokushisa, izinto ezisiza ukucindezela, nezindawo ezivalekile, ukuze kuvikelwe izimo zokusebenza ezingavamile kanye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile.
Ukugcinwa kahle nokuhlolwa kwama-voltage aphezulu kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwethembeka kwawo kwesikhathi eside, ukusebenza kwawo kanye nokuphepha. Imisebenzi yokulungisa okuvamile ingase ihlanganise ukuhlola okubukwayo, ukuhlolwa kokumelana nokushisa, ukuhlaziya uwoyela, i-thermography, nokuhlolwa kukagesi ukuze kuhlonzwe izinkinga ezingaba khona kanye nokuvimbela ukwehluleka okungalindelekile.
Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kwama-voltage aphezulu kuhlanganisa ukuhlola izimpawu zokugqwala, ukushisa ngokweqile, ukuvuza kukawoyela, ukulimala kwemishini, nokunye ukonakala okubonakalayo. Lokhu kuhlola kusiza ukuhlonza izingozi ezingase zibe khona kanye nokuhlola isimo sonke se-transformer.
Ukuhlolwa kokumelana nokufakwa kwe-insulation kusetshenziselwa ukukala ukumelana nokufakwa kwama-windings kanye nokuthola noma yikuphi ukuwohloka noma ukungcoliswa okungase kuthinte uhlelo lokufakelwa. Lezi zivivinyo ngokuvamile zenziwa kusetshenziswa ama-megohmeters ukuhlola ubuqotho bogesi bokufakwa kwe-transformer.
Ukuhlaziya uwoyela kuyithuluzi elibalulekile lokuxilonga lokuhlola isimo se-transformer insulation kanye nesistimu yokupholisa. Ngokuhlaziya amakhemikhali kanye nezakhiwo zikawoyela we-transformer, okuhlanganisa ubumuncu, umswakama, namazinga egesi ancibilikisiwe, izinkinga ezingaba khona njengokuwohloka kwe-insulation noma ukushisa ngokweqile kungabonakala.
I-Thermography, noma i-infrared thermographic imaging, isetshenziselwa ukuthola izindawo ezishisayo namaphethini okushisa angavamile kumawinding e-transformer, ukuxhumana, nethangi. Ngokuhlonza izindawo zokushisa okudlulele, i-thermography ingasiza ukukhomba amaphutha kagesi angaba khona noma ukuwohloka kokufakwa kwensimbi.
Ukuhlolwa kukagesi kwama-voltage aphezulu kungase kuhlanganise ukuhlolwa kwesilinganiso sokuphenduka, ukuhlola kwamanje okujabulisayo, ukuhlolwa kwe-short-circuit impedance, nokuhlolwa kwesici samandla okufakelwa, phakathi kokunye. Lezi zivivinyo zenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kukagesi nezici ze-transformer ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukahlukene zokusebenza.
Kafushane, ama-voltage aphezulu adlala indima ebalulekile ekudluliseni, ekusabalaliseni nasekusetshenzisweni kwamandla kagesi ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene. Ukuqonda ukusebenza, izinhlelo zokusebenza, izinhlobo, ukuklama, ukwakhiwa, nokugcinwa kwalezi ziguquli kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwazo okuthembekile nokusebenza kahle. Ngokusebenzisa izimiso zokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic, ukuklama ukwahlukanisa okuqinile kanye nezingxenye kazibuthe, nokusebenzisa izinhlelo eziphelele zokulungisa nokuhlola, ama-voltage aphezulu angaqhubeka nokuhlinzeka ngamandla kagesi aphephile futhi athembekile iminyaka ezayo.
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