Ukuphonononga amacandelo ahlukeneyo eTshintsho kunye nemisebenzi yazo

Iinguqu ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yonikezelo lombane ukusuka kumaziko ombane ukuya kubasebenzisi ngabanye. Basebenza ngokugqithisela amandla ombane ukusuka kwesinye isekethe ukuya kwenye ngokusebenzisa i-electromagnetic induction. Ngamagama alula, i-transformer sisixhobo esitshintsha umbane wombane wombane. Ikwenza oko ngokusebenzisa amanxeba amabini okanye ngaphezulu amanxeba ocingo kumbindi wentsimbi. Ukuqonda amacandelo ahlukeneyo e-transformer kunye nemisebenzi yabo kubalulekile kuye nabani na ojonge ukufumana ukuqonda okunzulu malunga nendlela ezi zixhobo zisebenza ngayo.

IiWindings zasePrayimari kunye nezeSekondari

Ii-windings eziphambili kunye nesekondari zimbini zezona nxalenye zibalulekileyo ze-transformer. Umoya ophambili yi-coil yocingo apho i-voltage yegalelo isetyenzisiweyo, ngelixa i-second winding yilapho i-voltage ephumayo ifumaneka khona. Inani lokujika kwi-winding ephambili kunye neyesibini inquma umlinganiselo wombane we-transformer. I-primary winding inenani elikhulu lokujika xa kuthelekiswa ne-second winding, ebangela ukuba i-transformer-step-down-down transformer, ngelixa into echaseneyo iyinyani kwi-transformer ye-step-up. Lo mahluko kwinani lokujika livumela ii-transformers ukuba zilungelelanise amanqanaba ombane ukuze zihambelane neemfuno ezithile.

Ukujija okuphambili kuqhagamshelwe kumthombo wombane wegalelo, onokuba phezulu okanye ophantsi ngokuxhomekeke kwisicelo. Ukuqukuqela kwangoku kwi-primary winding kudala i-magnetic flux kwi-transformer core, ethi ibangele i-voltage kwi-winding yesibini. Le nkqubo yenza kube lula ukudlulisa amandla ombane ukusuka kwesinye isiphaluka ukuya kwesinye ngaphandle konxibelelwano oluthe ngqo lombane phakathi kwezi zibini.

Umoya wesibini uqhagamshelwe kumthwalo odinga umbane oguquliweyo. Ngokuhlengahlengisa inani lokujika kwiikhoyili, abaguquli banokuguqula ngokufanelekileyo i-voltage ephezulu ukuya kwi-voltage ephantsi okanye ngokuphambeneyo, ibenze ibe zizinto eziguquguqukayo kunye nezibalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zombane.

Undoqo weTransformer

Ingundoqo ye-transformer idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni ngokufanelekileyo kwe-transformer. Ibonelela ngendlela ephantsi yokuthandabuza ukuqukuqela kazibuthe oveliswa kukujikajika okuphambili kwaye iqinisekisa ugqithiso oluphezulu lwamandla ukuya kumoya wesibini. Ii-cores zeTransformer zenziwe ngentsimbi elaminated ukunciphisa ilahleko yamandla ngokusebenzisa imisinga yeeddy kunye ne-hysteresis. I-Lamination ibandakanya ukupakisha amacwecwe amancinci entsimbi ukunciphisa imisinga ye-eddy, eyenzeka xa i-magnetic field ibangela umbane kwi-conductive material ekufutshane. Ngokusebenzisa isinyithi esine-laminated, abaguquli banokufikelela ekusebenzeni okuphezulu ngelixa benciphisa ilahleko yamandla, okwenza ukuba bafaneleke kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo zombane.

Ukongezelela, ii-cores ze-transformer zenzelwe ukugcina umgangatho ophezulu we-magnetic flux, oyimfuneko ekugqithiseni amandla okusebenzayo. Iimilo ezingundoqo ezahlukeneyo, ezifana ne-E-core, i-I-core, kunye ne-toroidal cores, isetyenziswe ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno ezithile ze-transformer. Imilo engundoqo nganye ineengenelo kunye nemida yayo, kwaye iinjineli ziqwalasela ngononophelo ezi zinto xa ziyila iziguquli zezicelo ezithile.

Ingundoqo ye-transformer inikezela ngenkxaso yomatshini kwi-windings kunye ne-insulation phakathi kwee-coil eziphambili kunye nesekondari. Oku kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo kunye nokuthintela ukuphuka kombane phakathi kwee-windings. Ngokubanzi, i-core transformer yinxalenye ebalulekileyo echaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kunye nokuthembeka kwabaguquli.

Cofa Guqula

Umtshintshi wempompo yinxalenye evumela ukulungiswa komlinganiselo wokujika kwe-transformer ukugcina i-voltage ephuma rhoqo. Yenzelwe ukwamkela ukuhluka kwi-voltage yegalelo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-voltage ephumayo ihlala ngaphakathi koluhlu olufunekayo. Iziguquli zempompo zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiinguqu zokusasaza, apho i-voltage yegalelo inokuguquguquka ngenxa yotshintsho kwigridi yamandla.

Kukho iindidi ezimbini eziphambili zokutshintsha itephu: abaguquli betephu ekulayishweni (OLTC) kunye nezitshintshi zetephu ezikhuphayo (OLTC). Iziguquli zempompo ezilayitayo zenza uhlengahlengiso lomlinganiselo wokujika kwesiguquli ngelixa i-transformer inamandla, ivumela ukulawulwa kwamandla ombane angenamthungo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abaguquli beempompo ezikhupha umthwalo bafuna ukuba i-transformer ikhutshwe amandla ngexesha lenkqubo yokulungelelanisa, ibenze bafaneleke ngakumbi ukulungiswa okuncinci.

Abatshintshi bempompo baxhotyiswe ngokutshintsha okungasetyenziselwa ukutshintsha uxhulumaniso phakathi kwe-winding kunye neendawo zokucofa, ngaloo ndlela uguqula inani lokujika kwiikhoyili. Le nkqubo itshintsha ngokufanelekileyo umlinganiselo wokujika kwe-transformer, ivumela ukuba ikwazi ukwamkela igalelo lombane ohlukeneyo. Ngokubandakanya abaguquli beetephu, abaguquli banokuhambisa i-voltage ephumayo engaguqukiyo kwaye ethembekileyo, ebenza babaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni uzinzo lweenkqubo zombane.

Bushing

I-Bushing iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-transformer ebonelela ngokufakelwa kombane kunye nenkxaso ye-high-voltage conductors exhunywe kwi-transformer. Ngokuqhelekileyo zenziwe ngezinto zokukhusela ezifana ne-porcelain okanye izinto ezidibeneyo zokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo nokuthembekileyo kwe-transformer. I-Bushings yenzelwe ukujamelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu lombane kunye neemeko ezinzima zokusingqongileyo, zibenza zibe baluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwexesha elide leenguqu.

Ukongezelela ekuboneleleni ukugquma kombane, i-bushings iphinda ixhase abaqhubi be-high-voltage abadibanisa i-transformer kwinkqubo yamandla yangaphandle. Oku kunceda ukukhusela umonakalo womatshini kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuxhamla okukhuselekileyo nokuthembekileyo kwe-transformer. Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-bushings, ezifana ne-oil-filled, i-gas-filled, kunye ne-dry-type bushings, isetyenziswe ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno ezithile ze-transformer kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo ezisebenza kuyo.

Omnye umsebenzi obalulekileyo we-bushings kukubonelela ngeendlela zokubeka iliso kwimeko ye-transformer. Ngokubandakanya i-sensor kunye nezixhobo zokubeka iliso kwii-bushings, abaqhubi banokuhlola impilo kunye nokusebenza kwe-transformer, ukuvumela ukugcinwa kwexesha kunye nokuthintela ukungaphumeleli okunokwenzeka. Ngokubanzi, i-bushings zizinto ezibalulekileyo eziqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo nokuthembekileyo kwee-transformer kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo zombane.

Inkqubo yokupholisa

Inkqubo yokupholisa iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-transformers enceda ukutshabalalisa ukushisa okwenziwa ngexesha lokusebenza. Abaguquli baguqula amandla ombane ukusuka kwinqanaba lombane ukuya kwelinye, okukhokelela ekuveliseni ubushushu obubalulekileyo ngenxa yelahleko engundoqo kunye nelahleko yobhedu. Ngaphandle kwenkqubo yokupholisa esebenzayo, abaguquli banokufumana ukufudumeza, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nomonakalo onokwenzeka kumacandelo.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeenkqubo zokupholisa ezisetyenziswa kwii-transformers, ezibandakanya i-oyile-ezaliswe, i-air-cooled, kunye neenkqubo zokupholisa ngamanzi. Iziguquli ezizaliswe ngeoli zisebenzisa i-oyile ye-transformer njengendawo yokupholisa, evumela ukuchithwa okusebenzayo kobushushu kunye nokugquma. Ioyile ijikeleza ngondoqo we-transformer kunye nama-windings, ifunxa ubushushu kwaye idlulisele kwinkqubo yokupholisa. Iziguquli ezipholileyo zomoya zisebenzisa iifeni okanye i-convection yendalo ukutshabalalisa ubushushu, ngelixa ii-transformers ezipholileyo zamanzi zisebenzisa amanzi njengendawo yokupholisa ekususeni ubushushu obusebenzayo.

Ukupholisa okufanelekileyo kubalulekile ekugcineni ukuthembeka kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweziguquli, ngokukodwa kwizicelo apho zixhomekeke kwimithwalo eyahlukeneyo kunye namaqondo okushisa aphantsi. Ngokutshabalalisa ngokufanelekileyo ukushisa, iinkqubo zokupholisa zinceda ukwandisa ixesha lokuphila kwee-transformers kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwabo okuqhubekayo kunye nokuthembekileyo kwiinkqubo zombane.

Ukuqukumbela, ii-transformers zizixhobo zombane ezintsonkothileyo ezidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusasazeni nasekusetyenzisweni kombane. Ngokuqonda amacandelo ahlukeneyo e-transformer kunye nemisebenzi yabo, iinjineli kunye neengcali zombane zinokuyila kwaye zisebenzise ezi zixhobo ngokufanelekileyo. Ukususela kwii-winding eziphambili kunye nesekondari ukuya kwinkqubo yokupholisa, inxalenye nganye ye-transformer ibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwayo ngokufanelekileyo nangokuthembekileyo. Ngenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji yoguqulo, kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokuphonononga kunye nokuqonda izinto ezintsonkothileyo ezenza ezi zixhobo zibe ngumdlali ophambili kwigridi yombane yanamhlanje.