Ukuhlola Izingxenye Ezihlukene Zesiguquli kanye Nemisebenzi Yazo

Ama-Transformer ayingxenye ebalulekile ekulethweni kukagesi usuka ezikhungweni zikagesi uye kubathengi ngabanye. Basebenza ngokudlulisela amandla kagesi ukusuka kwesinye isifunda ukuya kwesinye ngokusebenzisa i-electromagnetic induction. Ngamagama alula, i-transformer iyithuluzi elishintsha i-voltage yamanje kagesi. Lokhu ikwenza ngokusebenzisa amakhoyili amabili noma ngaphezulu amanxeba ocingo enkabeni yensimbi. Ukuqonda izingxenye ezihlukene ze-transformer nemisebenzi yazo kubalulekile kunoma ubani ofuna ukuthola ukuqonda okujulile kokuthi la madivayisi asebenza kanjani.

Ama-Windings ayisisekelo kanye nesesibili

Ama-winding ayisisekelo kanye nesesibili yizingxenye ezimbili ezibalulekile ze-transformer. I-winding eyinhloko ikhoyili yentambo lapho i-voltage yokufaka isetshenziswa khona, kanti i-winding yesibili yilapho i-voltage ephumayo itholakala khona. Inani lokuphenduka kuma-winding ayisisekelo nakwesibili linquma isilinganiso se-voltage ye-transformer. Ukuphenduka okuyinhloko kunenombolo enkulu yokujika uma kuqhathaniswa nokujika kwesibili, okuholela ku-transformer yesinyathelo esisuka phansi, kuyilapho okuphambene kuyiqiniso ku-transformer ekhuphukayo. Lo mehluko enanini lokujika uvumela ama-transformer ukuthi alungise amazinga kagesi ukuze ahambisane nezidingo ezithile.

Amawindi ayinhloko axhunywe kumthombo we-voltage wokufaka, angaba phezulu noma aphansi kuye ngohlelo lokusebenza. Ukugeleza kwamanje ekujikeni okuyinhloko kudala i-flux kazibuthe kumongo we-transformer, yona eyenza i-voltage ekujikeni kwesibili. Le nqubo yenza kube lula ukudlulisa amandla kagesi kusuka kwesinye isifunda kuya kwesinye ngaphandle kokuxhumana okuqondile kukagesi phakathi kwalokhu okubili.

I-winding yesibili ixhunywe kumthwalo odinga i-voltage eguquliwe. Ngokulungisa inani lokujika kwamakhoyili, ama-transformer angakwazi ukuguqula kahle amandla kagesi aphezulu abe yi-voltage ephansi noma ngokuphambene nalokho, awenze abe izingxenye eziguquguqukayo nezibalulekile ezinhlelweni zikagesi.

I-Transformer Core

I-transformer core idlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwe-transformer. Inikeza indlela ephansi yokunqikaza yokuguquguquka kazibuthe okukhiqizwa ukuphenduka okuyinhloko futhi iqinisekise ukudluliswa okuphezulu kwamandla kumajika esibili. Ama-transformer cores ngokuvamile enziwe ngensimbi elaminethiwe ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla ngokusebenzisa ama-eddy currents kanye ne-hysteresis. I-Lamination ihilela ukupakisha amashidi amancane ensimbi ukuze kuncishiswe ama-eddy currents, okwenzeka lapho indawo kazibuthe ingenisa amandla kagesi kokusebenza okuseduze. Ngokusebenzisa insimbi ye-laminated, ama-transformer angakwazi ukufeza ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu ngenkathi enciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwamandla, abenze bafanelekele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene zikagesi.

Ukwengeza, ama-transformer cores aklanyelwe ukugcina izinga eliphezulu le-magnetic flux, elibalulekile ekudlulisweni kwamandla okuphumelelayo. Umumo obalulekile ohlukile, njenge-E-core, I-core, nama-toroidal cores, asetshenziswa kuye ngezidingo ezithile ze-transformer. Umumo oyinhloko ngamunye unezinzuzo nemikhawulo yawo, futhi onjiniyela bacubungula ngokucophelela lezi zici lapho beklama ama-transformer ezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile.

I-transformer core iphinde inikeze ukusekelwa kwemishini kuma-windings kanye nokufaka phakathi kwamakhoyili ayisisekelo kanye nesesibili. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile futhi kuvimbela ukuphuka kukagesi phakathi kwama-windings. Sekukonke, i-transformer core iyisici esibalulekile esithonya kakhulu ukusebenza nokuthembeka kwama-transformer.

Thepha Ukushintsha

Isiguquli sempompi siyingxenye evumela ukulungiswa kwesilinganiso sokuphenduka kwe-transformer ukuze kugcinwe i-voltage ephuma njalo. Iklanyelwe ukwamukela ukuhlukahluka ku-voltage yokufaka, iqinisekise ukuthi i-voltage ephumayo ihlala ngaphakathi kwebanga elidingekayo. Izishintshi ze-tap zivame ukusetshenziswa kuma-transformer okusabalalisa, lapho i-voltage yokufaka ingase iguquguquke ngenxa yezinguquko kugridi yamandla.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokushintshwa kompompi: izishintshi zikampompi ezilayishwayo (OLTC) neziguquli zompompi ezivuliwe (OLTC). Izishintshi zempompi ezilayishiwe zinika amandla ukulungiswa kwesilinganiso sokuphenduka kwe-transformer ngenkathi i-transformer inamandla, okuvumela ukulawulwa kwamandla kagesi angenamthungo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abaguquli bempompi abangalayishiwe badinga ukuthi i-transformer ikhishwe amandla ngesikhathi senqubo yokulungisa, ibenze bafaneleke kakhulu ukulungiswa okungajwayelekile.

Izishintshi ze-tap zifakwe amaswishi angasetshenziswa ukuguqula ukuxhumana phakathi kwama-winding kanye nezindawo zokuthinta, ngaleyo ndlela kuguqule inani lokujika kwamakhoyili. Le nqubo ishintsha ngempumelelo isilinganiso sokuphenduka kwe-transformer, ivumela ukuthi ikwazi ukuthwala ama-voltages okufaka ahlukahlukene. Ngokuhlanganisa ama-tap changeers, ama-transformer angaletha i-voltage ephumayo engaguquki futhi enokwethenjelwa, okubenza babaluleke ekugcineni ukuqina kwezinhlelo zikagesi.

Bushing

I-Bushing iyingxenye ebalulekile ye-transformer ehlinzeka ngokufaka ugesi kanye nokweseka ama-conductor aphezulu-voltage axhunywe ku-transformer. Ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngezinto zokuvikela ezifana ne-porcelain noma izinto ezihlanganisiwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuphephile nokuthembekile kwe-transformer. Ama-Bush aklanyelwe ukumelana nezingcindezi zikagesi eziphezulu kanye nezimo zemvelo ezinzima, okuwenza abaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwesikhathi eside kwama-transformer.

Ngaphandle kokuhlinzeka ngogesi kagesi, ama-bushings aphinde asekele ama-conductor aphezulu-voltage axhuma i-transformer ohlelweni lwamandla angaphandle. Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela ukulimala komshini nokuqinisekisa ukuxhuma okuphephile nokuthembekile kwe-transformer. Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-bushings, ezifana ne-oyili egcwele amafutha, i-gas-filled, kanye ne-dry-type bushings, isetshenziswa ngokusekelwe ezidingweni ezithile ze-transformer kanye nezimo zemvelo lapho isebenza khona.

Omunye umsebenzi obalulekile we-bushings ukunikeza indlela yokuqapha isimo se-transformer. Ngokuhlanganisa izinzwa kanye nemishini yokuqapha ku-bushings, opharetha bangahlola impilo nokusebenza kwe-transformer, okuvumela ukugcinwa ngesikhathi kanye nokuvimbela ukwehluleka okungenzeka. Sekukonke, ama-bushings ayizingxenye ezibalulekile eziqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile nokuthembekile kwama-transformer ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene zikagesi.

Uhlelo Lokupholisa

Uhlelo lokupholisa luyingxenye ebalulekile yama-transformer esiza ukuqeda ukushisa okukhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Ama-transformer aguqula amandla kagesi esuka kwelinye izinga likagesi aye kwelinye, okuholela ekukhiqizeni ukushisa okukhulu ngenxa yokulahlekelwa okuyinhloko nokulahlekelwa kwethusi. Ngaphandle kwesistimu yokupholisa ephumelelayo, ama-transformer angathola ukushisa ngokweqile, okuholela ekunciphiseni ukusebenza kahle kanye nokulimala okungenzeka ezingxenyeni.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezinhlelo zokupholisa ezisetshenziswa kuma-transformer, okuhlanganisa amasistimu agcwaliswe ngamafutha, apholile emoyeni, namanzi. Ama-transformer agcwele uwoyela asebenzisa uwoyela we-transformer njengendawo yokupholisa, okuvumela ukulahlwa kokushisa okusebenzayo kanye nokufaka ukufakwa. Amafutha azungeza phakathi kwe-transformer nama-windings, abamba ukushisa futhi akudlulisele ohlelweni lokupholisa. Ama-transformer apholile emoyeni asebenzisa amafeni noma i-convection yemvelo ukuze aqede ukushisa, kuyilapho ama-transformer apholile ngamanzi asebenzisa amanzi njengendawo yokupholisa ukuze akhiphe ukushisa okuphumelelayo.

Ukupholisa okufanele kubalulekile ukuze kugcinwe ukwethembeka nokusebenza kahle kwama-transformer, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni lapho ethwalwa khona imithwalo ehlukahlukene kanye namazinga okushisa asendaweni. Ngokukhipha ukushisa ngokuphumelelayo, izinhlelo zokupholisa zisiza ukwandisa isikhathi sokuphila kwama-transformer futhi ziqinisekise ukusebenza kwazo okuqhubekayo nokuthembekile ezinhlelweni zikagesi.

Sengiphetha, ama-transformer angamathuluzi kagesi ayinkimbinkimbi adlala indima ebalulekile ekusabalaliseni nasekusetshenzisweni kukagesi. Ngokuqonda izingxenye ezihlukene ze-transformer nemisebenzi yazo, onjiniyela kanye nezingcweti zikagesi bangaklama futhi basebenzise la madivayisi ngempumelelo kakhulu. Kusukela kuma-winding ayisisekelo nakwesibili kuya ohlelweni lokupholisa, ingxenye ngayinye ye-transformer ibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwayo okuphumelelayo nokuthembekile. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kubuchwepheshe be-transformer, kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokuhlola nokuqonda izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi ezenza lawa madivayisi adlale indima ebalulekile kugridi yesimanje kagesi.