iintlobo zeenkqubo zokugcina amandla

Njengoko imfuno yamandla ehlabathi iqhubeka nokunyuka, imfuno yeenkqubo zokugcina amandla ezisebenzayo iya ibaluleke kakhulu. Iinkqubo zokugcina amandla zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuxhaseni ukudityaniswa kwemithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo, ukuphucula ukuzinza kwegridi, kunye nokunciphisa ukuthembela kumafutha emveli efosili. Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeenkqubo zokugcina amandla ezikhoyo namhlanje, nganye ineempawu zayo ezizodwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga iintlobo ezintlanu ezahlukeneyo zeenkqubo zokugcina amandla kwaye sixoxe ngeempawu zazo eziphambili, izibonelelo, kunye nemingeni enokubakho.

1. IiNkqubo zokuGcinwa kwamandla oomatshini

Iinkqubo zokugcina amandla oomatshini zigcina amandla ngokohlobo lwamandla omatshini, anokuguqulwa abuyele kumandla ombane xa kuyimfuneko. Umzekelo omnye oqhelekileyo wogcino lwamandla ngoomatshini kukumpontshwa kwe-hydro, apho amandla ombane agqithileyo asetyenziselwa ukumpompa amanzi ukusuka kwidama elisezantsi ukuya kwindawo ephezulu. Xa umbane ufuneka, amanzi agciniweyo akhululwa ukuqhuba ii-injini zomoya kunye nokuvelisa amandla. Eminye imizekelo yeenkqubo zokugcina amandla ngoomatshini ziquka ii-flywheels kunye ne-compressed air energy storage (CAES) iinkqubo.

Ukugcinwa kwe-hydro emponthiweyo yenye yezona teknoloji zikhulileyo kunye nezisasazwe ngokubanzi zokugcina amandla, kunye nerekhodi eqinisekisiweyo yokuthembeka nokusebenza kakuhle. Inika umthamo omkhulu wokugcina kwaye inokubonelela ngokuzinza kwegridi kunye neenkonzo zokulinganisa umthwalo. Nangona kunjalo, iindleko eziphezulu zenkunzi kunye neemfuno ezikhethekileyo zendawo zithintele ukwamkelwa kwayo ngokubanzi. Iinkqubo ze-Flywheel kunye ne-CAES zivela njengezinye iindlela ezithembisayo, ezinikezela ngamaxesha okuphendula ngokukhawuleza kunye neendlela eziguquguqukayo zokuthunyelwa.

2. IiNkqubo zokuGcina aMandla oMbane

Iinkqubo zokugcina amandla ombane zigcina amandla ngendlela yombane, ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa iibhetri okanye ii-capacitors. Iibhetri zezona teknoloji zixhaphakileyo kunye neziguquguqukayo zokugcina amandla ombane, kunye nosetyenziso oluxhaphakileyo kwizinto zombane eziphathwayo, izithuthi zombane, kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla egridi. Iibhetri ze-lithium-ion, iibhetri ze-lead-asidi, kunye neebhetri zokuhamba ziphakathi kwezona teknoloji zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo.

Iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ziye zaba ngumgangatho we-de facto we-electronics ephathekayo kunye neenqwelo zombane ngenxa yobuninzi bamandla abo, ubomi bomjikelezo omde, kunye nokuhlawuliswa ngokukhawuleza / ukukhupha amandla. Bakwafumana i-traction kwi-grid-scale applications, enikezela ngezisombululo ezinobungozi kunye nemodyuli yokuhlanganiswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo kunye nokucheba okuphezulu. Iibhetri ze-lead-asidi, nangona amandla amancinci kwaye ahlala ixesha elifutshane kuneebhetri ze-lithium-ion, zisasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinkqubo zokugcina amandla ezimileyo ngenxa yeendleko zabo eziphantsi kunye nokusebenza okuqinisekisiweyo. Iibhetri ezihambayo, ezinje nge-vanadium redox iibhetri zokuhamba, zifumana ingqalelo kubomi babo bomjikelo omde, ukusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu, kunye namandla adibeneyo kunye nomthamo wamandla.

3. IiNkqubo zokuGcinwa kwamandla e-Thermal

Iinkqubo zokugcina amandla e-thermal zigcina amandla ngendlela yobushushu, enokukhululwa kwaye iguqulelwe kumbane okanye isetyenziselwa ukufudumeza kunye nokupholisa izicelo. Omnye umzekelo oqhelekileyo wokugcinwa kwamandla okushisa kukugcinwa kwetyuwa enyibilikisiweyo, ehlala isetyenziselwa ukugxila kwizityalo zamandla elanga (CSP). Amandla elanga agqithisileyo asetyenziselwa ukufudumeza ityuwa enyibilikisiweyo, enokuthi emva koko igcinwe kwaye isetyenziswe ukwenza umphunga kunye nokuqhuba iiinjini zomoya xa amandla elanga engekho.

Iinkqubo zokugcina amandla e-thermal zinika ubuninzi bamandla aphezulu kunye nokukwazi ukugcina ixesha elide, okwenza ukuba zifaneleke ngokufanelekileyo ukwenza ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo kunye nokuhanjiswa. Nangona kunjalo, ubunzima kunye neendleko zeenkqubo zokugcina amandla okushisa, kunye nesidingo semithombo yokushisa ephezulu yokushisa, kuthintele ukusabalalisa kwabo ngokubanzi.

4. IiNkqubo zokuGcinwa kwamandla eMichiza

Iinkqubo zokugcina amandla ekhemikhali zigcina amandla ngendlela yeebhondi zekhemikhali, ezifana ne-hydrogen okanye izibaso ezenziweyo. Ukugcinwa kwe-Hydrogen, ngokukodwa, kuzuze umdla obalulekileyo njengento yokuthwala amandla ahlambulukileyo kunye neentlobo ezininzi zezicelo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka ukuthutha, iinkqubo zoshishino kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla. I-Hydrogen inokuveliswa ngokusebenzisa i-electrolysis yamanzi kusetyenziswa umbane ohlaziyekayo kwaye igcinwe ukuze isetyenziswe kamva kwiiseli zamafutha okanye iinjini zokutsha.

Ugcino lweHydrojeni lubonelela ngamandla amakhulu axinaniswayo kunye nokukwazi ukugcina ixesha elide, oko kuyenza ibe lukhetho oluthembisayo lokulungelelanisa ukuveliswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo okwethutyana kunye nokukhupha ikhabhoni kumacandelo ahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, imingeni enxulumene nokuveliswa kwe-hydrogen, ukugcinwa, ukuthutha, kunye nokuguqulwa kwetekhnoloji kusafuneka kuqwalaselwe ukuphumeza urhwebo olubanzi.

5. IiNkqubo ze-Electrochemical Energy Storage

Iinkqubo zokugcina amandla e-electrochemical energy zigcina amandla ngendlela yekhemikhali enokubakho, zisebenzisa iiredox reactions ukugcina kunye nokukhulula amandla ombane. Enye yezona teknoloji zaziwa kakhulu zokugcina amandla e-electrochemical yi-redox flow battery, esebenzisa izisombululo ezimbini ze-electrolyte ezahlulwe yi-membrane. Ngexesha lokutshaja, i-electrolytes ifumana ukusabela kwe-redox, igcina amandla ombane. Ngexesha lokukhupha, ii-reverse reactions zikhulula amandla agciniweyo.

Iibhetri zokuhamba kwe-Redox zibonelela ngenzuzo yamandla anokunyuka kwaye aguquguqukayo kunye nomthamo wamandla, okwenza ukuba zifaneleke ngokufanelekileyo kwi-grid-scale storage applications. Bakwanikezela ngobomi bomjikelo omde kunye namaxesha okuphendula ngokukhawuleza, nangona imingeni enxulumene neendleko, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokusebenza kwezixhobo kusafuneka kuqwalaselwe ukwamkelwa ngokubanzi.

Isishwankathelo, iinkqubo zokugcina amandla zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwenzeni utshintsho kwikamva lamandla elizinzileyo nelizinzileyo. Uhlobo ngalunye lwenkqubo yokugcina amandla luneempawu zalo ezizodwa kunye nokusetyenziswa, kunye namanqanaba ahlukeneyo okuvuthwa, ukusebenza, kunye neendleko. Njengoko ukuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji kunye noqoqosho lwesikali lufezekiswa, iinkqubo zokugcina amandla kulindeleke ukuba zidlale indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuxhaseni ukudityaniswa kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo kunye nokuphucula ukuthembeka kunye nokuzinza kwegridi. Uphando oluqhubekayo, uphuhliso, kunye nemigudu yokuthunyelwa kubalulekile ekuqondeni amandla apheleleyo eenkqubo zokugcina amandla kunye nokuqhuba inguqu kwindawo ezinzileyo nekhuselekileyo yamandla.