Ukhuselo lokwahluka kweTransformer kunye nezinye iimveliso zokhuseleko olwahlukileyo | I-CANWIN

Ukongeza, kukho iimeko ezininzi zokusebenza ezingaqhelekanga ze-transformer, ngakumbi kubandakanya inqanaba le-oyile ephantsi, ubushushu obuphezulu be-oyile okanye uxinzelelo, i-voltage ephezulu ye-transformer engathathi hlangothi, ukugcwala, ukugqithiswa, ukugqithiswa, njl njl.

Ukuze sibeke iliso kwiimpazamo ezahlukeneyo okanye iimeko zokusebenza ezingaqhelekanga, siye sabeka ukhuseleko oluhlukeneyo, olwahlulahlulwe lwaba lukhuseleko oluphambili kunye nokukhuselwa kwe-backup, kwaye ukhuseleko oluphambili luneempawu zesenzo esikhawulezayo.

Icandelo 2: Ukhuseleko olwahlukileyo

Ukukhuselwa kokwahlukana kwe-longitudinal ngenye yezinto eziphambili zokukhusela i-transformer, kwaye ukhuseleko lusebenza ngokukhawuleza ukuhamba ngokutshintshela kwicala ngalinye. Indawo yokukhusela inxalenye phakathi kweenguqu zangoku kwicala ngalinye lokukhuselwa kokwahlukana, kubandakanywa nomzimba we-transformer, imigca ekhokelayo phakathi kwe-transformer yangoku kunye ne-transformer. Ngo-2017, umbambisi kwicala le-35kV le-2 ye-transformer engundoqo ye-220kV substation wayene-flashover yesigaba se-AB, kwaye i-chassis yokubanjwa yaphulwa ngokukhutshwa; ngenxa yokuba i-35kV ibamba ibekwe phakathi kwe-rheological transformer kunye ne-transformer ephambili kwicala eliphantsi le-voltage ye-transformer ephambili, yayingaphakathi kuluhlu lokukhusela lomahluko we-longitudinal. Iiseti ezimbini zokhuselo oluphambili lwe-transformer zonke zisebenza ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye impazamo yahlukaniswa.

01

Ingqiqo esisiseko yokhuseleko olwahlukileyo

Ukhuseleko olukhoyo lwe-transformer longitudinal longitudinal luthatha isixhobo sokukhusela i-microcomputer, kwaye yangoku yesigaba ngasinye ingena kwisixhobo sokukhusela ngokulandelelana, kwaye ukukhuselwa kokwahlukana kwe-longitudinal kufezekiswa nge-algorithm yesofthiwe. Sithatha isigaba esinye njengomzekelo ukubonisa umgaqo osisiseko wokukhuselwa kokwahlukana kwe-longitudinal.

Ukwahluka kwangoku "ukuziva" ngesixhobo sokukhusela yi-vector sum of currents second current of the two coil. Njengoko kuboniswe kwi-Figure 1, xa inkqubo isebenza ngokuqhelekileyo okanye ifutshane-ijikelezwe ngaphandle, i-currents yesibini ye-coil ezimbini ifana nobukhulu kwaye ichasene ne-polarity, kwaye i-different current yi-0, kwaye ukhuseleko alusebenzi. ngeli xesha. Njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 2, xa impazamo yomhlaba iyenzeka ngaphakathi kwinqanaba lokukhusela, imisinga yesibini ilingana nobukhulu kunye ne-polarity, kwaye i-different current yinani lemisinga yesibini. Xa ixabiso lokuqala lokwahlukana lifikeleleke, ukhuseleko lusebenza.

Kwisiseko sendlela yoqhagamshelo lwekhoyili yesibini ngasentla, ukhuselo lokwahluka kobude bongeza uhlengahlengiso lwesigaba, ukuphelisa ulandelelwano lwe-zero ngoku, kunye nokuguqulwa kwe-amplitude kwii-vectors zangoku kumacala ahlukeneyo ukwenza indlela yokubala eyohlukileyo yangoku, kwaye emva koko yazisa umlinganiselo wokunyathela. ijika lophawu. Yakha ingqiqo esisiseko yokhuseleko.

Ukuthatha i-YN-d11 i-wiring njengomzekelo, i-wiring diagram kunye ne-phasor diagram yangoku iboniswe kuMzobo 3. Ingabonwa ukuba ngenxa yokuba kukho i-angle ye-30 ° umahluko phakathi kwe-phasors yecala eliphezulu neliphantsi, i-vector sum of the two currents. ayikho i-0 ngexesha lokusebenza okuqhelekileyo, kwaye ukuguqulwa kwesigaba kuyafuneka kuqala. Emva kokuguqulwa, amacala aphezulu kunye aphantsi esigaba esifanayo anesigaba esifanayo.

Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokuguqulwa kwesigaba, enye isekelwe kwicala le-Y, ukwenzela ukuba isigaba sangoku se-d-side sihambelane nesigaba sangoku se-Y, esibizwa ngokuba yi "angle star", eyona nto ixhaphakileyo yokukhusela i-angle star yiNarui. Jibao RCS-978 njl., ifomula yokuguqula yile:

Enye isekelwe kwicala d, ukwenzela ukuba isigaba sangoku secala le-Y sihambelane nelo cala lika-d, elibizwa ngokuba yi "star rotation angle". Uninzi lwezixhobo zokhuseleko ezikhoyo zisebenzisa indlela ye-angle yokujikeleza, kunye nefomula yokuguqula yile:

Injongo yokuphelisa ngoku ulandelelwano lwe-zero kukuthintela ukusetyenziswa kakubi kokhuseleko lwelongitudinal. Kwi-YN-d wiring, xa impazamo yomhlaba isenzeka ngaphandle kwecala le-voltage ephezulu, i-zero-sequence current iqukuqela kwicala le-Y-voltage ephezulu, kodwa akukho ziro-sequence current ngoku kwicala le-low-voltage d, kunye ne-zero. -ukulandelelana kwemisinga kumacala omabini ayinakulungelelaniswa, ngoko ke ukukhuselwa kokwahlukana kuya kungasebenzi kakuhle. Kwimo yokuguqula "i-star rotation angle", umahluko phakathi kwemisinga emibini emva kokutshintshwa kwesigaba kwicala le-Y lihluze i-zero yangoku, ngoko akukho manyathelo kufuneka athathwe. Kwimo yokuguqula "i-angle-to-star", imbuyekezo yangoku ye-zero-sequence yenziwa kwi-Y-side vector yangoku, kwaye ifomula yembuyekezo yile:

Ngenxa yokwahlukana kwenguqu yokuguqulwa kwenguqu kunye ne-rheological transformation ratio yecala ngalinye, i-amplitude yesibini ye-different current kwicala ngalinye le-transformer ayikwazi ukufana ngexesha lokusebenza okuqhelekileyo okanye iphutha langaphandle. Ngeli xesha, kuyimfuneko ukwenza ukuguqulwa kwe-amplitude, thatha ixabiso langoku kwicala elinye njengesalathiso, ubale i-coefficient yebhalansi kwelinye icala ngokombane kumacala omabini kunye nomlinganiselo we-rheological, kwaye uphindaphinde i-current kwelinye icala. icala nge-balance coefficient, ukuze ubalo lwangaphakathi lwesixhobo Ukuqukuqela okwahlukileyo yi-0.

Ukuze kuphuculwe ngakumbi uvakalelo lwesenzo kwimeko yeempazamo zangaphakathi kwaye ugweme ngokuthembekileyo umbane ongalungelelananga weziphoso zangaphandle, ukukhuselwa kokwahlukana kwelongitudinal kwamkela into ehlukileyo kunye ne-curve ye-braking characteristic curve. I-axis ethe nkqo ye-curve ratio ye-braking curve yi-different current, i-horizontal axis yi-braking current, indawo ephezulu ye-curve yi-action area, kwaye inxalenye engezantsi yindawo yokuqhawula. Iimpawu zeempawu ezikhoyo zihlulwe kakhulu zibe ziindidi ezimbini: uhlobo lomgca ophukileyo wamacandelo amabini kunye nohlobo lwamacandelo amathathu.

I-curve ye-braking curve yamacandelo amabini ibonakaliswe kumfanekiso osekhohlo we-Figure 4. I-curve ingaba yi-ABC uhlobo oludlula imvelaphi, okanye uhlobo lwe-ABD olungadluli kwimvelaphi. Uninzi lwezixhobo luhlobo lwe-ABC.

I-curve ye-braking curve ye-segment-segment-segment breaking ratio iboniswe kumfanekiso ochanekileyo we-Figure 4, enokuthi ihlulwe ibe ziindidi ezimbini, enye i-horizontal line yecandelo le-AB, kwaye enye i-oblique yecandelo le-AB. Izixhobo ezinomgca othe tye kwicandelo le-AB ziquka i-Guodian Nanzi PST-1200U, i-ABB ye-RET-316, i-Xuji WBH-801 kunye ne-SEL-387, kunye nezixhobo ezinomgca oblique kwicandelo le-AB ziquka iSifang CSC-326, i-Shenrui PRS -778 kunye noMzantsi Switzerland RCS-978.

02

Indlela yokujonga ukukhuselwa kokwahlukana

Ukuqinisekiswa kokukhuselwa kokwahlukana kwexesha elide kuqhutyelwa ngokomlinganiselo we-braking characteristic curve, ukhuseleko olungaphezulu kwegophe lusebenza, kwaye ukhuseleko olungaphantsi kwegophe alusebenzi:

1) Khetha inqaku. Khetha amanqaku angama-3-5 ekuqinisekiseni ukukhuselwa kokwahlukana kwe-longitudinal, inqaku lokuqala likhethwe kwi-axis ethe nkqo ye-Figure 4 ukuqinisekisa ubuncinci obusebenzayo be-Iop.min yangoku; inqaku lesibini kunye nelesithathu likhethwe kwindawo yokuguquguquka ukuze kuqinisekiswe i-inflection point current Ires; ukongeza, Khetha inqaku kwithambeka ngalinye ukuqinisekisa ukuthambeka.

2) Bala ixabiso. Bala ixabiso lokuqalisa langoku, i-balance coefficient, kunye nebhalansi yecala ngalinye le-transformer; uze ubale ubukhulu bangoku kunye ne-engile yesigaba secala ngalinye lendawo yokutshekisha ngokwe-curve ratio braking yesixhobo.

3) Qinisekisa ijika. Sebenzisa indlela eguquguqukayo eguquguqukayo ukulungisa enye yangoku kwindawo yokutshekisha kwaye utshintshe ubungakanani bomnye okwangoku, ukuze uhambise indawo yokukhangela phezulu nasezantsi kwindawo yesenzo kunye nommandla we-braking ukuqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo sokukhusela sisebenza ngokuchanekileyo.

03

Amacandelo ancedisayo okukhusela ngokwahlukileyo

Ukuze wenze ukhuselo lokwahlula luthembeke ngakumbi, ingqiqo yokhuselo ikwabandakanya izinto ezinje ngokuqala, ikhefu elikhawulezayo, kunye nokutshixa:

I-1) Isiqalo sokuqalisa: I-variable yokuqala iquka ixabiso eliphezulu lenqanaba lesithathu lokuhlukana kwangoku, inani lenguqu yangoku, njl.

I-2) I-differential-break-break element: Kwinqanaba eliphezulu le-short-circuit yangoku, ngenxa yokuzaliswa kwe-transformer yangoku, i-harmonic yesibini ivelisa i-torque enkulu ye-braking kunye ne-different element yenqaba ukuhamba. Ukuze ugweme ukwala ukukhuselwa, i-elementi eyahlukileyo esebenza ngokukhawuleza ifakwe kwisixhobo. Xa i-short-circuit current ifikelela kwi-4 ~ 10 amaxesha okulinganiswa kwangoku, into esebenza ngokukhawuleza ihambisa ngokukhawuleza kwi-outlet. Ukongezelela, ukwenzela ukuthintela isenzo esingalunganga sokukhusela ngenxa yokungahambelani kweempawu zexeshana ze-transformers zangoku kwicala ngalinye xa kukho i-short-circuit current enkulu, iimpawu ezifanelekileyo ze-transformers zangoku kwicala ngalinye lokuhlukana. ukukhuselwa kwezixhobo eziphambili ezibandakanya i-transformers kufuneka zihambelane (i-Countermeasures ezilishumi elinesibhozo 15.1. 10). Icala eliphakamileyo le-voltage ye-2 ye-transformer ephambili ye-substation ixhunywe kwintambo yesibini ye-2/3 i-wiring, kwaye le ntambo ixhunyiwe komnye umgca wokubopha; ngo-2017, impazamo yomhlaba wesigaba esisodwa senzeke kwisigaba B sokutshintsha kwintambo, kunye neeseti ezimbini zokukhusela okuhlukeneyo kumzimba oyintloko we-transformer I-element-break-break element isebenza ukunqumla iitshintshi kwicala ngalinye le-transformer enkulu; ukukhuselwa kokwahlukana kwesigaba sangoku kumacala omabini omgca wokubopha kunqumla isigaba se-B sokutshintsha kwecala elihambelanayo, kwaye emva koko ukuvala isigaba esisodwa kuyaphumelela.

3) Into evuyisayo yokuthintela i-inrush: Xa i-airdrop transformer kunye nesekethe emfutshane ngaphandle kwendawo ye-transformer inqanyuliwe, kuya kuveliswa umsinga omkhulu othakazelisayo. Ukuze kuthintelwe umahluko okhoyo obangelwa yi-inrush yangoku ebangela umdla ekubangeleni isixhobo ukuba singasebenzi kakuhle, i-inrush yangoku yokuthintela i-elementi isetelwe ukukhuselwa komehluko we-longitudinal, kusetyenziswa ukugqwesa kwe-waveform ( Intermittent or asymmetric differential current waveform), ukuchongwa kwecandelo le-harmonic ( umxholo wesibini okanye wesithathu we-harmonic), ukuchongwa okungaqondakaliyo kwe-excitation inrush current. Nangona kunjalo, xa i-transformer ihlanjululwe ngokwenene, ngokukodwa kwi-airdrop yokuqala, ukukhuselwa kokwahlukana kuya kusasebenza kakubi ngenxa yokungonelanga kwe-degaussing yomzimba oyintloko, kunye nomxholo we-harmonic we-airdropped current different current ingaba ngaphantsi kwe-harmonic component blocking threshold. Ukuze ukuphelisa ngokusisiseko impembelelo yemagnethi eshiyekileyo kwi-transformer yokutshaja engenanto, sinokuthatha amanyathelo okunciphisa kwaye senze enye intlawulo engenanto, okanye sinciphise okwethutyana umda wesibini wokuvala i-harmonic ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwe-transformer engundoqo.

I-4) I-CT yokuqhawula intambo: Xa isigaba sesibini se-CT sinqanyuliwe, umbane ohlukeneyo ngumthwalo wamanje wesigaba sokuqhawula, kwaye ukukhuselwa kunokungasebenzi kakuhle. Ngeli xesha, i-zero-sequence current, utshintsho lwangoku lwesigaba, ukuhla okungaqhelekanga kombane wesigaba, njl njl.

I-5) I-CT ye-block blocking element: Xa iphutha langaphandle lenzeka, i-CT saturation iya kubangela ukukhuselwa okungafaniyo kukungasebenzi kakuhle, ngoko ke isixhobo sokukhusela sixhotyiswe nge-CT saturation blocking element. Xa i-CT igcwele, i-different current iyenzeka emva kokuba i-CT ihluthe ixesha elithile, ngoko ke isixhobo sisebenzisa ukuhambelana kwexesha le-braking current kunye ne-different current ukugweba ukuba i-CT igcwele. Ukongezelela, ukuze kuncitshiswe impembelelo ye-CT saturation kukhuseleko lwe-transformer longitudinal differential, ii-transformers zangoku ezinomlinganiselo ochanekileyo (ALF) kunye ne-high rated inflection point voltage (18 into countermeasures 15.1.12).

Icandelo 3: Intshayelelo kolunye ukhuseleko olwahlukileyo

1.

ukhuselo lokwahluka kwecala

Ukukhuselwa kokwahlukana kwecala lokuhlukana kukukhusela okuhlukeneyo okuthatha i-Y-side winding ye-transformer njengento ekhuselweyo, kwaye iqulunqwe yi-CTs yokuqala kunye neyokugqibela yee-windings kwicala ngalinye ngokwesigaba. Ukuthatha isigaba sokuzidibanisa A kuMfanekiso 5 njengomzekelo, ukhuseleko luqulunqwe yi-TA1A, TA2a' kunye ne-TA3A. Ngokomthetho wangoku we-Kirchhoff, akukho budlelwane bokudibanisa kwe-electromagnetic phakathi kwemisinga kwiziphelo zombini, ngoko ke ukhuseleko alufuni i-inrush yangoku yokuthintela izinto, izinto ezahlukeneyo ze-snap-action kunye ne-excitation blocking elements. Ukongezelela, ixabiso elimiselweyo lomsebenzi wangoku wokukhuselwa kokwahlukana kwecala eliqhekezayo liphantsi, kwaye uvakalelo luphezulu kunolo longitudinal ulwahlulo lokukhusela. Kodwa ukungonakali kolu khuseleko kukuba ayinakukhusela i-inter-turn short circuit.

2.

Ukwahlula ukhuseleko lwesigaba sokwahlula

Ukukhuselwa kokwahlukana kwesigaba kukukhusela okungafaniyo okuthatha isigaba ngasinye sokuguqula i-transformer njengento ekhuselweyo, kwaye iqulethwe ngama-CTs kwicala ngalinye lesigaba ngasinye. umzekelo). Olu khuselo lunokubonakalisa zonke iimpazamo zesigaba esithile se-transformer ngaphandle kwecala eliphantsi kwe-voltage ehamba phambili, kodwa i-inrush current blocking element iyafuneka.

3.

Ukukhuselwa kokwahlukana kweeseli kwicala lombane ophantsi

Ekubeni ukukhuselwa kokwahlukana kwesigaba akunalo uluhlu lokukhusela iingcingo ezikhokelayo kwicala eliphantsi le-voltage, ukuhlukana kweeseli kwaziswa njengesongezelelo kwi-displitting differential. Ukukhuselwa okungafaniyo koluntu lwecala eliphantsi kwe-voltage luqulunqwe yi-CT yangaphakathi ye-triangular yesigaba sesibini esijikelezayo kwicala le-low-voltage kunye ne-CT ebonisa ukuhlukana kombane wesigaba sesibini. Inrush into ethintelayo, kodwa ayiphenduli kwiimpazamo ze-turn-to-turn.

4.

Zero ulandelelwano ukhuseleko umahluko

Ukukhuselwa kokwahlukana kwe-zero-sequence iquka i-zero-sequence current transformers in the neutral point side of the transformer and zero-sequence circuits of the current transformers on the star side of transformer. Amanani 6 kunye ne-7 yi-loops yangoku xa iziphene zomhlaba zenzeka ngaphandle kwendawo kunye nangaphakathi kwendawo, ngokulandelanayo. Ngokufanayo, imisinga yesibini yolu khuseleko ayinabudlelwane bokudibanisa i-electromagnetic, ngoko ke isixhobo sokukhusela asifuni into yokuthintela i-inrush yangoku okanye into yokuthintela ngaphezulu kwe-excitation; ngelo xesha, ivakalelwa ngakumbi kwimpazamo yokumisa i-transformer winding. Nangona kunjalo, ukukhuselwa kokwahlukana okulandelelana kwe-zero kunokubonakalisa kuphela impazamo yomhlaba wangaphakathi wecala lombane ophezulu kunye nophakathi, kwaye ayikwazi ukukhusela i-inter-turn short circuit.

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