Ukuvikelwa komehluko we-Transformer kanye neminye imikhiqizo yokuvikela ehlukile | CANWIN

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezimo eziningana ezingavamile zokusebenza ze-transformer, ikakhulukazi ezihlanganisa izinga eliphansi likawoyela, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu likawoyela noma ingcindezi, i-voltage ephezulu ye-transformer neutral point, i-overload, overcurrent, overexcitation, njll.

Ukuze kuqashwe amaphutha ahlukene noma izimo zokusebenza ezingavamile, simise ukuvikela okuhlukile, okuhlukaniswe kwaba ukuvikela okuyinhloko nokuvikela okuyisipele, futhi ukuvikela okuyinhloko kunezici zesenzo esisheshayo.

Ingxenye 2: Ukuvikelwa okuhlukile

Ukuvikelwa komehluko we-longitudinal kungenye yezivikelo eziyinhloko ze-transformer, futhi ukuvikelwa kusebenza ngaso leso sikhathi ukuze kuhambe amaswishi ohlangothini ngalunye. Indawo yokuvikela iyingxenye phakathi kwama-transformers amanje ohlangothini ngalunye lokuvikela okuhlukile, okuhlanganisa umzimba we-transformer, imigqa yokuhola phakathi kwe-transformer yamanje kanye ne-transformer. Ngo-2017, isiboshwa ohlangothini lwe-35kV ye-transformer eyinhloko engu-No. 2 yesiteshi esincane esingu-220kV sibe ne-flashover yesigaba se-AB, futhi i-chassis yokubopha yaphulwa ngokukhishwa; ngenxa yokuthi isibambisi esingu-35kV sasitholakala phakathi kwe-rheological transformer kanye ne-transformer eyinhloko ohlangothini lwe-low-voltage yesiguquli esikhulu, sasingaphakathi kwebanga lokuvikela lomehluko we-longitudinal. Amasethi amabili okuvikela ama-transformer amakhulu wonke asebenze ngendlela efanele, futhi iphutha lahlukaniswa.

01

I-logic eyisisekelo yokuvikela okuhlukile

Ukuvikelwa okukhona kwe-transformer longitudinal differential usebenzisa idivayisi yokuvikela i-microcomputer, futhi yamanje yesigaba ngasinye ingena kudivayisi yokuvikela ngokulandelanayo, futhi ukuvikelwa kokuhlukana kwe-longitudinal kutholakala nge-algorithm yesofthiwe. Sithatha isigaba esisodwa njengesibonelo ukukhombisa umgomo oyisisekelo wokuvikelwa komehluko we-longitudinal.

Umehluko wamanje "ozwakalayo" yidivayisi yokuvikela iyisamba se-vector yamaza esibili wamakhoyili amabili. Njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1, lapho isistimu isebenza ngokujwayelekile noma ifinyezwa ngaphandle, imisinga yesibili yamakhoyili amabili iyafana ngosayizi futhi iphikisana nge-polarity, futhi umehluko wamanje ngu-0, futhi isivikelo asisebenzi ngalesi sikhathi. Njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2, lapho iphutha eliphansi lenzeka phakathi kwebanga lokuvikela, imisinga yesibili ilingana ngosayizi kanye ne-polarity, futhi umehluko wamanje uyisamba semisinga yesibili. Lapho inani lokuqala elihlukile lifinyelelwa, ukuvikela kuyasebenza.

Ngokwesisekelo sendlela yokuxhuma ikhoyili yesibili ye-rheological ngenhla, ukuvikeleka komehluko we-longitudinal kwengeza ukulungiswa kwesigaba, ukuqedwa kwamanje kokulandelana kukaziro, nokuguqulwa kwe-amplitude kuma-vector amanje ezinhlangothini ezihlukene ukuze kwakhiwe indlela yokubala yamanje ehlukile, bese kwethula i-ratio braking. ijika lesici. Yakha umqondo oyisisekelo wokuvikela.

Uma sithatha izintambo ze-YN-d11 njengesibonelo, umdwebo wezintambo kanye nomdwebo we-phasor wamanje uboniswa kuMfanekiso 3. Kungabonakala ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi kunomehluko we-engeli engu-30 ° phakathi kwama-phasors aseceleni aphezulu naphansi, isamba se-vector yama-curse amabili. akuyona i-0 ngesikhathi sokusebenza okujwayelekile, futhi ukuguqulwa kwesigaba kuyadingeka kuqala. Ngemva kokuguqulwa, izinhlangothi eziphakeme neziphansi zesigaba esifanayo zinesigaba esifanayo.

Kunezindlela ezimbili zokuguqulwa kwesigaba, eyodwa isekelwe ohlangothini lwe-Y, ukuze isigaba samanje se-d-side sihambisane nesigaba samanje se-Y-side, esibizwa ngokuthi "inkanyezi ye-angle", ukuvikelwa kwenkanyezi ye-angle evame kakhulu i-Narui. I-Jibao RCS-978 njll., ifomula yokuguqula ithi:

Enye isekelwe ohlangothini d, ukuze isigaba samanje sohlangothi luka-Y sihambisane nesohlangothini luka-d, olubizwa ngokuthi "i-angle rotation angle". Iningi lamadivayisi okuvikela akhona asebenzisa indlela ye-engeli yokuzungezisa inkanyezi, futhi ifomula yokuguqula ithi:

Injongo yokuqedwa kwamanje kokulandelana kweqanda ukuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kabi kokuvikelwa komehluko we-longitudinal. Ezintamboni ze-YN-d, lapho iphutha lomhlaba lenzeka ngaphandle kohlangothi lwamandla kagesi aphezulu, ukugeleza kwamanje okulandelanayo okuyiziro kugeleza ohlangothini lwevoltage ephezulu engu-Y, kodwa ayikho imanje yokulandelana kukaziro ohlangothini lwe-voltage ephansi, kanye noziro. -ukulandelana kwemisinga kuzo zombili izinhlangothi azikwazi ukulingana, ngakho-ke ukuvikela okuhlukile ngeke kusebenze kahle . Kumodi yokuguqula "i-engeli yokuzungezisa inkanyezi", umehluko phakathi kwamaza amabili ngemva kokushintshwa kwesigaba ohlangothini luka-Y kuhlunge i-zero yamanje, ngakho azikho izinyathelo okufanele zithathwe. Kumodi yokuguqula "i-angle-to-star", isinxephezelo samanje sokulandelana kweqanda senziwa ku-Y-side vector yamanje, futhi ifomula yesinxephezelo ithi:

Ngenxa yomehluko wesilinganiso sokuguqulwa kwe-transformer kanye nesilinganiso sokuguqulwa kwe-rheological ohlangothini ngalunye, i-amplitude yesibili yokwahlukana kwamanje ohlangothini ngalunye lwe-transformer ayikwazi ukufana ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile noma iphutha langaphandle. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuguqulwa kwe-amplitude, thatha inani lamanje ngakolunye uhlangothi njengereferensi, ubale i-coefficient yebhalansi ngakolunye uhlangothi ngokusho kwe-voltage nhlangothi zombili kanye nesilinganiso se-rheological, futhi wande okwamanje ngakolunye. eceleni kwe-coefficient yebhalansi, ukuze ukubala kwangaphakathi kwedivayisi Ukugeleza okuhlukile kube ngu-0.

Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ngokwengeziwe ukuzwela kwesenzo esimweni samaphutha angaphakathi futhi kugwenywe ngokuthembekile imanje elingalinganiseli lamaphutha angaphandle, ukuvikeleka komehluko welongitudinal kusebenzisa isici esihlukile esinejika lesici sokubhuleka ngokwesilinganiso. I-eksisi eqondile ye-ratio braking curve iwukushintshana kwamanje, i-eksisi evundlile i-braking current, ingxenye engaphezulu yejika iyindawo yesenzo, futhi ingxenye engezansi yindawo yokubhuleka. Amajika esici akhona ahlukaniswe ngokuyinhloko abe izinhlobo ezimbili: uhlobo lwemigqa ephukile enezingxenye ezimbili kanye nohlobo lwemigqa ephukile enezingxenye ezintathu.

Ijika lamabhuleki ezingxenye ezimbili eziphukile liboniswa emfanekisweni wesokunxele woMfanekiso 4. Ijika lingaba uhlobo lwe-ABC oludlula kumsuka, noma uhlobo lwe-ABD olungadluli kumsuka. Amadivayisi amaningi awuhlobo lwe-ABC.

Ijika lamabhuleki elihlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu liboniswa emfanekisweni ongakwesokudla woMfanekiso 4, ongahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili, owodwa umugqa ovundlile wengxenye ye-AB, kanti omunye umugqa oblique wengxenye ye-AB. Imishini enolayini ovundlile esigabeni sakwa-AB ihlanganisa i-Guodian Nanzi PST-1200U, i-ABB's RET-316, Xuji WBH-801 kanye ne-SEL-387, kanti okokusebenza okunomugqa otshekile esigabeni sika-AB kuhlanganisa iSifang CSC-326, Shenrui PRS -778 kanye neSouth Swiss RCS-978.

02

Ungasibheka kanjani isivikelo esihlukile

Ukuqinisekiswa kokuvikela okuhlukile kwe-longitudinal kwenziwa ngokuya ngejika lesici se-braking, ukuvikela okungaphezulu kwejika kuyasebenza, futhi ukuvikela okungaphansi kwejika akusebenzi:

1) Khetha iphuzu. Khetha amaphuzu angu-3-5 okuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa komehluko we-longitudinal, iphuzu lokuqala likhethwa ku-eksisi eqondile yoMfanekiso 4 ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubuncane be-Iop.min yamanje yokusebenza; amaphuzu esibili nawesithathu akhethiwe endaweni ye-inflection ukuze kuqinisekiswe i-inflection point Ires yamanje; ngaphezu kwalokho, Khetha iphoyinti emthambekeni ngamunye ukuze uqinisekise umthambeka.

2) Bala inani. Bala inani lamanje lenani lokuqalisa, ibhalansi ye-coefficient, nebhalansi yohlangothi ngalunye lwe-transformer; bese ubala ubukhulu bamanje kanye ne-engeli yesigaba sohlangothi ngalunye lwephoyinti lokuhlola ngalinye ngokuvumelana nejika lokubhuleka lesilinganiso sedivayisi.

3) Qinisekisa ijika. Sebenzisa indlela eguquguqukayo engaguquki ukuze ulungise igagasi elilodwa endaweni yokuhlola futhi ushintshe usayizi wesinye samanje, ukuze uhambise indawo yokuhlola phezulu naphansi endaweni yesenzo kanye nendawo yokubhuleka ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi idivayisi yokuvikela isebenza kahle yini.

03

Izingxenye ezisizayo zokuvikela okuhlukile

Ukuze kwenziwe ukuvikela okuhlukile kuthembeke kakhulu, ingqondo yokuvikela iphinde ifake izingxenye ezifana nokuqala, ukuphuka okusheshayo, nokukhiya:

1) Isici sokuqala: I-variable yokuqala ihlanganisa inani eliphezulu lezigaba ezintathu ezihlukene zamanje, inani lokushintshashintsha kwamanje, njll. Uma okuguquguqukayo kokuqala kukhulu kunanoma yiliphi inani lokuqala, idivayisi yokuvikela ivula isivikelo esihlukanisayo.

2) Isici esihlukile sokuphumula okusheshayo: Ezingeni eliphezulu lesifunda esifushane, ngenxa yokugcwala kwe-transformer yamanje, i-harmonic yesibili ikhiqiza i-torque enkulu yokubhuleka futhi isici esihlukile siyenqaba ukunyakaza. Ukuze ugweme ukwenqatshwa kokuvikela, into ehlukile esebenza ngokushesha ifakiwe ocingweni. Uma i-short-circuit current ifinyelela izikhathi ezingu-4~10 kunomanje olinganiselwe, isici esisebenza ngokushesha sihamba ngokushesha siye endaweni yokuphuma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze uvimbele isenzo esingalungile sokuvikela ngenxa yokungaguquguquki kwezici zesikhashana zama-transformers amanje ohlangothini ngalunye lapho kukhona umthamo omkhulu we-short-circuit current, izici ezifanele ze-transformers zamanje ohlangothini ngalunye lokuhlukana. ukuvikelwa kwemishini eyinhloko kuhlanganise nama-transformer kufanele kuhambisane (Izinyathelo Eziyishumi Nesishiyagalombili 15.1. 10). Uhlangothi lwe-high-voltage lwe-transformer eyinhloko ye-No. ngo-2017, iphutha elilodwa lesigaba somhlaba lenzeke esigabeni B sokushintsha ochungechungeni, kanye namasethi amabili okuvikela okuhlukile komzimba we-transformer eyinhloko Isici esisheshayo sisebenza ukusika ukushintshwa ohlangothini ngalunye lwe-transformer enkulu; ukuvikelwa kwamanje okuhlukanisayo kwesigaba sokuhlukanisa kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zomugqa wokubopha kunqamula isigaba B seswishi eseceleni ehambisanayo, bese ukuvala kabusha kwesigaba esisodwa kuyaphumelela.

3) Into ethokozisayo yokuvimbela inrush: Lapho isiguquli se-airdrop kanye nesekhethi emfushane ngaphandle kwendawo ye-transformer kunqanyulwa, kuzokwenziwa umsinga omkhulu othokozisayo. Ukuze kuvinjwe ukuhluka okubangelwa i-inrush current ejabulisayo ekubangeleni ukuthi idivayisi ingasebenzi kahle, i-inrush current blocking element isethelwe ukuvikelwa komehluko we-longitudinal, kusetshenziswa ukuhlanekezela kwe-waveform (I-Intermittent or asymmetric differential current waveform), ukuhlonza ingxenye ye-harmonic ( okuqukethwe kwe-harmonic kwesibili noma kwesithathu), ukuhlonza okungacacile kwe-excitation inrush current. Kodwa-ke, lapho i-transformer empeleni i-airdrop, ikakhulukazi i-airdrop yokuqala, ukuvikeleka okuhlukile kusazosebenza kabi ngenxa yokunganele ngokwanele komzimba oyinhloko, futhi okuqukethwe kwe-harmonic kwe-airdropped yamanje ehlukile kungase kube ngaphansi kune-harmonic component blocking threshold. Ukuze kuqedwe ngokuyisisekelo ithonya lamagnetism ensalela ekushajeni okungenalutho kwe-transformer, singathatha izinyathelo ze-degaussing futhi senze enye ukushaja okungenalutho, noma sehlise okwesikhashana umkhawulo wesibili wokuvinjelwa kwe-harmonic ukuze siqinisekise ukusebenza okuvamile kwe-transformer eyinhloko.

I-4) Isici sokunqanyulwa kwe-CT: Uma isigaba sesibili se-CT sinqanyuliwe, umehluko wamanje ungumthwalo wamanje wesigaba sokunqamula, futhi ukuvikela kungase kungasebenzi kahle. Ngalesi sikhathi, wamanje olandelanayo onguziro, izinguquko zamanje zesigaba, ukwehla okungazelelwe okungazelelwe kwe-voltage yesigaba, njll. kungasetshenziswa ukwahlulela ukunqanyulwa kwe-CT.

5) Isici sokuvimbela ukugcwaliswa kwesikhala kwe-CT: Uma iphutha langaphandle lenzeka, ukugcwaliswa kwesikhala kwe-CT kuzobangela ukuvikela okuhlukile kukungasebenzi kahle, ngakho-ke idivayisi yokuvikela ifakwe isici sokubona ukugcwala kwesikhala se-CT. Uma i-CT igcwele, ukuhluka kwenzeka ngemuva kokuthi i-CT igcwele isikhathi esithile, ngakho-ke idivayisi isebenzisa ukuvumelana kwesikhathi kwe-braking current kanye nokwahluka kwamandla ukuze kwahlulele ukuthi i-CT igcwele yini. Ukwengeza, ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela we-CT saturation ekuvikelweni komehluko we-transformer longitudinal, ama-transformer amanje anesici somkhawulo esinembile (ALF) kanye ne-voltage yephoyinti le-inflection enesilinganiso esiphezulu (izinto eziyi-18 eziphikisana ne-15.1.12).

Ingxenye 3: Isingeniso kwesinye isivikelo esihlukile

1.

ukuhlukaniswa kokuvikelwa kohlangothi

Ukuvikela okuhlukile kohlangothi oluhlukene kuyisivikelo esihlukile esithatha i-Y-side winding ye-transformer njengento evikelwe, futhi yakhiwe i-CTs yokuqala neyokugcina yama-windings ohlangothini ngalunye ngokwesigaba. Uma sithatha isigaba sokuzihlanganisa wena A kuMfanekiso 5 njengesibonelo, ukuvikelwa kwakhiwe i-TA1A, TA2a' ne-TA3A. Ngokomthetho wamanje we-Kirchhoff, abukho ubudlelwano bokuhlangana kwe-electromagnetic phakathi kwemisinga emikhawulweni yomibili, ngakho-ke ukuvikela akudingi izinto ezivimbelayo zamanje, izakhi ezihlukanisayo ze-snap-action kanye nezinto ezivimba ukweqisa kwenjabulo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani eligxilile lendlela yokusebenza yokuvikela okuhlukile kohlangothi oluhlukanisiwe liphansi, futhi ukuzwela kungaphezulu kwalokho kokuvikela okuhlukile kwe-longitudinal. Kodwa okubi kwalokhu kuvikela ukuthi akukwazi ukuvikela i-inter-turn short circuit.

2.

Ukuvikelwa kwesigaba sokuhlukanisa

Ukuvikela okuhlukanisayo kokuhlukanisa izigaba kuyisivikelo esihlukanisayo esithatha ukusongwa kwesigaba ngasinye se-transformer njengento evikelekile, futhi sakhiwe ama-CTs ohlangothini ngalunye lwesigaba ngasinye sokujika. isibonelo). Lesi sivikelo singabonisa wonke amaphutha esigaba esithile se-transformer ngaphandle kokuhola ohlangothini lwe-voltage ephansi, kodwa i-inrush current blocking element iyadingeka.

3.

Ukuvikela okuhlukile kweseli ohlangothini lwe-voltage ephansi

Njengoba isivikelo esihlukanisayo sokuhlukaniswa kwesigaba singenabo ububanzi bokuvikela bezintambo eziholayo ohlangothini lwe-voltage ephansi, umehluko weseli wethulwa njengesengezo kumehluko wokuhlukaniswa kwesigaba. Ukuvikelwa okuhlukile komphakathi oseceleni onama-voltage aphansi kwakhiwe i-CT yangaphakathi ye-triangular yezigaba ezimbili ezijikajikayo ohlangothini lwe-low-voltage kanye ne-CT ebonisa ukuhluka kwamandla okujika kwezigaba ezimbili. I-elementi yokuvimbela inrush, kodwa ayiphenduli kumaphutha okushintshashintsha.

4.

Ukuvikela okuhlukile kokulandelana kweqanda

Ukuvikela okuhlukile kokulandelana kweziro kuqukethe ama-transformer amanje alandelanayo ayiziro ohlangothini lwephoyinti elingathathi hlangothi le-transformer kanye namasekhethi alandelanayo ayiziro ama-transformer amanje ohlangothini lwenkanyezi lwe-transformer. Izibalo 6 kanye no-7 ziyizihibe zamanje lapho amaphutha asemhlabeni enzeka ngaphandle kwendawo nangaphakathi kwendawo, ngokulandelanayo. Ngokufanayo, imisinga yesibili yalesi sivikelo ayinabo ubudlelwano bokuhlangana kwe-electromagnetic, ngakho-ke idivayisi yokuvikela ayidingi isici sokuvimbela samanje esivusa amadlingozi noma into evimba i-over-excitation; ngesikhathi esifanayo, izwela kakhulu iphutha eliphansi le-transformer winding. Kodwa-ke, ukuvikeleka komehluko wokulandelana kweziro kungabonisa kuphela iphutha langaphakathi lomhlabathi lohlangothi lwevolthi ephezulu nemaphakathi, futhi alukwazi ukuvikela isifunda esifushane phakathi kwamajika.

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