UCanwin yiNkampani yeNkampani yoTshintsho lwaMandla kunye noMvelisi woMbane woMbane
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UCanwin yiNkampani yeNkampani yoTshintsho lwaMandla kunye noMvelisi woMbane woMbane
I-transformer sisixhobo esimileyo esisebenza ngokuqhubekayo, sisebenza ngokuthembekileyo, amathuba amancinci okusilela. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba uninzi lwabaguquli lufakwe ngaphandle, kwaye luchaphazeleka ngumthwalo ngexesha lokusebenza kunye nempembelelo yesiphambeko sesiphaluka esifutshane senkqubo yamandla, iimpazamo ezahlukahlukeneyo kunye neemeko ezingaqhelekanga zingenakuphepheka kwinkqubo yokusebenza.
I-transformer sisixhobo esimileyo esisebenza ngokuqhubekayo, sisebenza ngokuthembekileyo, amathuba amancinci okusilela. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba uninzi lwabaguquli lufakwe ngaphandle, kwaye luchaphazeleka ngumthwalo ngexesha lokusebenza kunye nempembelelo yesiphambeko sesiphaluka esifutshane senkqubo yamandla, iimpazamo ezahlukahlukeneyo kunye neemeko ezingaqhelekanga zingenakuphepheka kwinkqubo yokusebenza.
1. Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo kunye nokungaqhelekanga kwee-transformers
Iimpazamo zeTransformer zinokwahlulwa zibe ziimpazamo zangaphakathi kunye neempazamo zangaphandle.
Iimpazamo zangaphakathi zibhekiselele kwiimpazamo ezenzeka ngaphakathi kwimeko, njengeziphoso ze-inter-isigaba ezimfutshane zesekethe yee-windings, i-inter-turn short-circuit iimpazamo ze-wind phase windings, i-short-circuit phakathi kwe-windings kunye ne-iron core, kunye neempazamo zokuqhawula i-windings, njl.
Iimpazamo zangaphandle zibhekiselele kwiimpazamo zesigaba esifutshane sesekhethi phakathi kwemigca ekhokelayo yangaphandle yeenguqu kunye neziphene zenqanaba elinye lokumisa ezithi zenzeke xa umgca okhokelayo we-insulation bushing flashover ngetyala.
Ukungaphumeleli kweTransformer kwenza umonakalo omkhulu. Ngokukodwa xa kwenzeka iphutha langaphakathi, i-arc yokushisa ephezulu eyenziwa yi-short-circuit yangoku ayiyi kutshisa kuphela i-insulation kunye nentsimbi yentsimbi ye-transformer winding, kodwa ibangela ukuba i-oyile ye-transformer ibole kwaye ivelise igesi eninzi, okubangela ukuguqulwa iqokobhe deformation kunye nokudubula. Ngoko ke, xa i-transformer ihluleka, kufuneka isuswe.
I-anomalies ye-Transformer ininzi kakhulu, ukunciphisa inqanaba le-oyile, isiphaluka esifutshane sangaphandle esibangelwa ukugqithisa, ukuqhuba ubushushu be-oyile ye-transformer kuphezulu kakhulu, ubushushu obujikelezayo buphezulu kakhulu, uxinzelelo lwe-transformer luphezulu kakhulu, kunye nokusilela kwenkqubo yokupholisa. Xa i-transformer ingaqhelekanga, isignali ye-alarm kufuneka inikwe.
Eyesibini, uqwalaselo lokhuseleko lwe-transformer
Ukhuseleko oluphambili lwesiphambeko sesiphaluka esifutshane: ukukhuselwa kokwahlukana kwe-longitudinal, ukukhuselwa kwegesi enzima, njl.
Ukhuseleko lwesiphambeko sesekethe esifutshane: ubukhulu becala ukutshixa kombane wokutshixa ngaphezulu kokhuseleko, ulandelelwano lwe-zero (umkhombandlela) ukhuseleko olungaphaya, ukhuseleko oluphantsi lwe-impedance, njl.
Ukukhuselwa kokusebenza okungaqhelekanga: ngokukodwa ukhuseleko lomthwalo ogqithisiweyo, ukukhuselwa ngokugqithiseleyo, ukukhuselwa kwegesi ukukhanya, ukukhuselwa kwe-gap engathathi hlangothi, inqanaba le-oyile yeqondo lokushisa kunye nokukhusela ukusilela kwenkqubo yokupholisa.
Isithathu, ukhuseleko olungelulo umbane
Ukukhuselwa kwe-transformer eyenziwe ngeoli, igesi, ubushushu kunye nolunye umthamo ongeyena umbane lubizwa ngokuba ngukhuseleko olungenawo umbane. Kukho ubukhulu becala ukukhuselwa kwegesi, ukukhuselwa koxinzelelo, ukukhuselwa kobushushu, ukukhuselwa kwinqanaba le-oyile kunye nokukhusela ukumisa okupholileyo. Ukhuseleko olungelulo umbane lusebenza njengoko kufunwa sisiza ukukhubeka okanye ukuthumela imiqondiso.
1. Ukukhuselwa kwegesi
Xa ukusilela kwangaphakathi kwe-transformer, ngenxa yendima ye-short-circuit yangoku kunye ne-short-circuit point arc, i-transformer yangaphakathi iya kuvelisa igesi eninzi, kwangaxeshanye isantya sokuhamba kweoli ye-transformer, ukusetyenziswa kwegesi kunye nokuhamba kweoli ukuya ukuzuza ukhuseleko kuthiwa ukhuseleko lwegesi.
(1) Ukukhuselwa kwegesi yokukhanya: xa kukho iphutha elincinane okanye ukungaqhelekanga ngaphakathi kwe-transformer, ukugqithiswa kwendawo yendawo yecala kubangela ukwanda kweoli, kwaye igesi kwioli yenza iibhubhu kwaye ingene kwi-relay yegesi. Isenzo sokukhusela igesi yokukhanya sithumela isignali yegesi yokukhanya.
(2) Ukukhuselwa kwegesi enzima: xa iphoso elibi kakhulu lenzeka kwi-tank ye-transformer, i-fault current inkulu, kwaye i-arc ibangela ukuba i-oyile ye-transformer idibanise ubuninzi obukhulu, okubangelwa ubuninzi begesi kunye neoli. I-baffle yempembelelo yenza i-gas enzima ilandele isenzo sokukhusela, ithumela umqondiso onzima wegesi kunye nohambo lokuphuma, kwaye i-transformer iyanqunyulwa.
(3) Ukukhuselwa kwegesi enzima kukukhusela okuphambili kokungaphumeleli kwangaphakathi kwetanki yepetroli, enokubonisa ukungaphumeleli okuhlukeneyo kwangaphakathi kwe-transformer. Xa i-transformer isenzeka ezimbalwa zijika ukuguqula isiphaluka esifutshane, nangona i-fault current inkulu kakhulu, kodwa ekukhuselweni kokwahlukana okuveliswe kwi-different current ingabi nkulu, ukukhuselwa kokwahlukana kunokwala ukusebenza. Ngoko ke, ngenxa yeziphoso zangaphakathi ze-transformer, kuyimfuneko ukuthembela ekukhuselweni kwegesi enzima ukususa iimpazamo.
Umfanekiso
I-2, ukukhuselwa koxinzelelo
Ukukhuselwa kwengcinezelo kwakhona kukukhusela okuphambili kwiimpazamo zangaphakathi zetanki ye-transformer. Ngokukhululwa koxinzelelo kunye nokukhusela ukuguqulwa kwengcinezelo, esetyenziselwa ukubonakalisa uxinzelelo lweoli ye-transformer.
I-3, ubushushu kunye nokhuseleko lwezinga leoli
Xa ubushushu be-transformer bukhuphuka kwixabiso lesilumkiso, ukhuseleko lobushushu luthumela uphawu lwe-alarm kwaye luqalise ukupholisa okulindileyo.
Xa i-transformer ivuza ioli okanye inciphisa izinga leoli ngenxa yezinye izizathu, izinga leoli likhuselekile kwaye i-alarm signal ithunyelwa.
I-4, into epholileyo yonke ukhuseleko lokumisa
Xa zonke ii-coolers ze-transformer zisebenza ziyeka, ukushisa kwe-transformer kuya kunyuka. Ukuba ayiphathwanga ngexesha, i-insulation ye-transformer winding inokonakala. Ngoko ke, xa zonke ii-coolers ziyeka ekusebenzeni kwe-transformer, ukhuseleko luthumela isignali ye-alamu kwaye ikhuphe i-transformer emva kokulibaziseka kwexesha elide.
Isine, ukhuseleko olwahlukileyo
Ukukhuselwa kokwahlukana kwe-transformer yeyona nto yokukhusela umthamo wombane we-transformer, kunye nokukhusela kwayo inxalenye ejikelezwe yi-transformer yecala ngalinye. Kolu luhlu lwenzeka phakathi kwe-winding short circuit, inter-turn short circuit kunye nezinye iimpazamo, ukukhuselwa kokwahlukana kwisenzo.
1, i-transformer inrush yangoku
Intsimi yangoku eveliswayo xa i-transformer iwisa ibizwa ngokuba yi-field inrush current. Ubungakanani be-excitation inrush current ihambelana nesakhiwo se-transformer, i-Angle yokuvala, umthamo, i-remanence ngaphambi kokuvala kunye nezinye izinto. Umlinganiselo ubonisa ukuba i-inrush current idla ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngamaxesha angama-2 ~ 6 exesha elilinganisiweyo, kwaye ubuninzi bungaphezu kwamaxesha angama-8 okhoyo. Ngenxa yokuba i-inrush yangoku igeleza kuphela kwi-transformer kwicala lokutshaja, iya kuvelisa ulwahlulo olukhulu lwangoku kwi-loop yokwahlukana, okukhokelela ekukhuselweni okungafaniyo.
Umsinga wokuhlasela unezi mpawu zilandelayo: a. Ixabiso le-inrush current likhulu kakhulu kwaye liqulethe icandelo elicacileyo le-aperiodic; B. I-waveform ibonakaliswe kwaye iyayeka; C, iqulethe icandelo elicacileyo le-harmonic ephezulu, ngakumbi icandelo lesibini le-harmonic; D. Umsinga wovuselelo wokungena ucuthiwe.
Ngokwezi mpawu zingentla ze-inrush yangoku, ukuze kuthintelwe inrush yangoku ekubangeleni i-misoperation yokukhusela umahluko, iprojekthi isebenzisa imigaqo emithathu: umxholo ophezulu we-harmonic wesibini, i-asymmetry ye-waveform, i-waveform discontinuity Angle ukuqonda ukutshixa kokhuseleko lokwahlula.
2. Umgaqo wesibini we-harmonic braking
Undoqo wesibini se-harmonic braking kukusebenzisa icandelo lesibini le-harmonic ye-different current ukugweba ukuba i-different current yimpazamo yangoku okanye i-inrush current. Xa ipesenti yecandelo lesibini le-harmonic kwicandelo elisisiseko lingaphezulu kwexabiso elithile (ngokuqhelekileyo i-20%), ukwahlukana kwangoku kugwetywa ngokubangelwa yi-inrush current, kwaye ukukhuselwa kokwahlukana kuvaliwe.
Ke ngoko, okukhona umlinganiselo wesibini we-harmonic wokunyanyiswa kwe-harmonic, kokukhona umbane wesibini we-harmonic oqulethwe kumaza asisiseko avumelekileyo, kwaye kokukhona kusiba mbi ngakumbi isiphumo sokuqhobosha.
3, umahluko ngokukhawuleza ikhefu ukhuseleko
Xa iphoso elibi lenzeka ngaphakathi kwe-transformer kunye nephutha langoku likhulu ngokwaneleyo ukukhokelela kwi-CT saturation, i-CT yangoku yesibini iqulethe inani elikhulu lamacandelo e-harmonic. Ngokwale nkcazo ingentla, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukukhuselwa kokwahlukana kuya kuvalwa okanye kulibaziseke ngenxa ye-harmonic braking yesibini. Oku kuya konakalisa kakhulu i-transformer. Ukusombulula le ngxaki, ukhuseleko olukhawulezayo lokwahlukana luhlala lusetwa.
Isiqalelo esahlukileyo esikhawulezayo sokuqhawuka siyinto ehlala iphezulu eyohlukileyo yokhuseleko lolwahlulo lwelongitudinal. Ihluke kwi-elementi yokwahlukana ngokubanzi, ibonisa ixabiso elisebenzayo lokuhamba kokwahlukana. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba i-waveform ye-different flow flow, indlela ubungakanani becandelo le-harmonic, okoko nje ixabiso elisebenzayo lokuhamba kokwahlukana lidlula ixabiso lokumisela ikhefu lokwahlukana kwesantya (ngokuqhelekileyo liphezulu kunexabiso lokumisela ukukhuselwa kokwahlukana), iyakususa ngokukhawuleza i-transformer, ngaphandle kwe-excitation inrush current kunye nezinye iindlela zokutshixa.
Ezintlanu, ukhuseleko logcino lwe-transformer
Ukukhuselwa okuphambili kwe-transformer kwaziswa ngokufutshane, kwaye ukukhuselwa kwe-backup ye-transformer kuqhubeka kuqaliswa. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zoqwalaselo lokhuselo lokhuseleko lweziguquli. Apha, sazisa ngokufutshane ezi ntlobo zimbini zokukhuselwa kwe-backup ye-transformer, ezizii-voltage eziphindwe kabini zokutshixa ukhuseleko lwe-overcurrent kunye nokhuseleko lomhlaba.
I-1, ukutshixa uxinzelelo oluphindwe kabini ngokukhuselwa kwangoku
I-voltage ehlanganisiweyo yokutshixa ukhuseleko lwe-overcurrent lukhuselo lwe-backup yempazamo yesiphaluka esifutshane phakathi kwee-transformers ezinkulu neziphakathi. Ifanelekile kwi-transformers ye-step-up, i-transformers yokudibanisa inkqubo kunye ne-step-down transformers ekukhuseleka kwayo ngokugqithisileyo ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zovakalelo. Umbane odityanisiweyo owenziwe ngamandla ombane olandelelwano olubi kunye nombane ophantsi unokubonisa iimpazamo ezahlukeneyo kuluhlu lokhuseleko, ukunciphisa ixabiso lokumisela lokhuseleko olugqithileyo, kunye nokuphucula ubuntununtunu.
Ukhuseleko oludityanisiweyo lwamandla ombane ogqithisiweyo lwenziwe yinto yombane odityanisiweyo, isiqalelo se-overcurrent kunye nesici sexesha. Ukufikelela okwangoku kokhuseleko yinqanaba lesibini le-CT YESIGABA ESITHATHU kwinqanaba lendawo ye-transformer, kwaye i-voltage yokufikelela yinqanaba lesibini lesithathu se-PT voltage kwicala lendawo okanye kwamanye amacala e-transformer. Ukukhusela i-microcomputer, i-voltage yeli cala inokunikezelwa kwamanye amacala nge-software, ukwenzela ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba naliphi na icala lokugcinwa kwe-PT, linokusebenzisa i-voltage eyinkimbinkimbi yokukhusela i-overcurrent. Ingqiqo yesenzo iboniswe ngezantsi.
2, ukukhuselwa komhlaba kwi-transformer
Ukukhuselwa kwe-backup ye-grounding short circuit fault of transformer enkulu kunye ne-medium-size-sized ngokuqhelekileyo: i-zero sequence overcurrent protection, zero sequence protection overvoltage, ukukhusela i-gap njalo njalo. Oku kulandelayo kukwazisa ngokufutshane kweendlela ezintathu ezahlukeneyo zokumisa ezisekelwe kwindawo engathathi hlangothi.
(1) Inqaku elingathathi hlangothi lisekelwe ngokuthe ngqo
Kwiziguquli ezimandla ombane ayi-110kV kwaye ngaphezu kwendawo engathathi hlangothi isekelwe ngokuthe ngqo, ukhuseleko lwangoku olulandelelanayo lwe-zero kufuneka lubekwe kwicala lenkqubo yomgangatho ophezulu wangoku ukubonakalisa impazamo yomhlaba. Kwiziguquli ezisekelwe ngokuthe ngqo kumacala omabini aphezulu naphakathi, ukhuseleko lwangoku olulandelelanayo lwe-zero kufuneka lube kwicala lebhasi yecala ngalinye.
Umgaqo we-zero ulandelelwano ngoku ukhuseleko lwangoku lufana nolokukhusela umgca we-zero ngokulandelelana, bhekisa kwi-30. I-zero-sequence current ingathathwa kwi-CT yesibini yangoku yendawo engathathi hlangothi, okanye ukusuka kwinqanaba lesithathu lesibini le-CT yangoku. icala lendawo. I-voltage yokulandelelana kwe-zero edityaniswe kwi-directional element inokufumaneka kwi-PT yokuvula unxantathu wombane wecala lendawo okanye ukusuka kwinqanaba lesibini lesigaba sesithathu sombane wecala lendawo. Kwisixhobo sokukhusela i-microcomputer, ubukhulu becala yamkela indlela yokuzimela.
Kwii-transformers ezinkulu ezithathu, ukhuseleko lwangoku olulandelelanayo lwe-zero lunokuba ngamanqanaba amathathu. Kukho isalathiso kwicandelo I no-II, kwaye akukho sikhokelo kwicandelo III. Icandelo ngalinye ngokubanzi linokulibaziseka kwamanqanaba amabini, kunye nokulibaziseka okufutshane ukunciphisa uluhlu lwempazamo (ibhasi yokutsiba okanye i-switch yendawo), kunye nokulibaziseka okude ukususa i-transformer (tsiba i-switch-side side). Ubumbeko oluthile lokhuseleko luxhomekeke kwimeko yokwenyani.
Njengoko kubonisiwe kumzobo, emva kokusebenza kolwalathiso lwe-zero-ulandelelwano ukhuseleko lwangoku kwicandelo I okanye II, i-t1 okanye i-T3 ibhasi okanye i-switch yendawo kunye nokulibaziseka okufutshane kufuneka ixutywe kuqala ukunciphisa ububanzi bempembelelo yephutha. Ukuba ubuninzi besiphoso busekho, i-transformer kufuneka inqunywe kunye ne-t2 okanye i-T4 yokutshintsha iindlela ezintathu kunye nokulibaziseka kwexesha elide. Icandelo III ngaphandle kolwalathiso, i-transformer isuswe ngokuthe ngqo ngokulibaziseka.
(2) indawo engathathi hlangothi ayisekelwanga
Ulandelelwano lwangoku lwe-zero ludlula kwindawo engathathi hlangothi ye-transformer ukwenza i-loop yokulandelelana kwe-zero. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba zonke iingongoma ezingathathi hlangothi ze-transformer zisekelwe, i-short-circuit current kwindawo yokumisa iya kuhanjiswa kwi-transformer nganye, eya kubangela ukuba uvakalelo lokukhuselwa kwe-zero-sequence overcurrent kuncitshiswe. Ngoko ke, ukwenzela ukunciphisa i-zero-sequence current kuluhlu oluthile, inani le-transformers elisekelwe kwindawo engathathi hlangothi lilawulwa.
Kwi-transformer engasekelwanga emhlabeni, ukhuseleko lombane olulandelelanayo lwe-zero kufuneka lucwangciswe ukunqanda umonakalo ogqithisiweyo we-voltage kwi-transformer obangelwa yi-gap arc kwindawo yempazamo xa kusenzeka impazamo yomhlaba.
I-transformer egqunywe ngokupheleleyo ngenxa yenqanaba eliphezulu lokugquma lendawo yokungathathi hlangothi, xa inkqubo isenzeka impazamo yokumisa, ukhuseleko lokuqala lwe-zero-ulandelelwano lwangoku lokususa indawo engathathi hlangothi yokumisa isiguquli, ukuba impazamo isekhona, kwaye emva koko ukhuseleko lombane olulandelelanayo lwe-zero ukususa indawo engathathi hlangothi isiguquli esingenasiseko.
(3) Inqaku elingathathi hlangothi lisekelwe kwi-gap yokukhupha
Zonke ii-hV transformers zi-semi-insulated, kwaye ukugquma kwekhoyili engathathi hlangothi emhlabeni kubuthathaka kunezinye iindawo. I-insulation engathathi hlangothi ithanda ukuphuka. Ngoko ke, kufuneka uqwalasele ukukhuselwa kokukhutshwa.
Indima yokukhusela i-gap kukukhusela indawo engathathi hlangothi yokhuseleko lwe-insulation transformer ungrounded.
Njengoko kubonisiwe, i-gap yokuqhawula ifakwe phakathi kwendawo engathathi hlangothi ye-transformer kunye nomhlaba. Xa umtshini wokuhlukanisa umhlaba uvaliwe, i-transformer isekelwe ngokuthe ngqo kwaye i-zero ilandelelanise ukukhuselwa kwe-overcurrent ifakwe.
Ukukhuselwa kwe-gap kufezekiswa ngokusebenzisa i-gap yangoku ye-3I0 ehamba kwindawo engathathi hlangothi ye-transformer kunye ne-voltage engunxantathu yokuvula i-3U0 yebhasi ye-PT njengenqobo.
Ukuba indawo engathathi hlangothi kwindawo yesiphoso iphakanyisiwe, ukuchithwa kwe-gap, okubangelwa i-gap enkulu yangoku i-3I0, ngeli xesha, isenzo sokukhusela i-gap, emva kokulibaziseka ukususa i-transformer. Ukongeza, xa inkqubo inesiphoso somhlaba, inqaku elingathathi hlangothi lokumisa umsebenzi wenguqu yero zero inyathelo lokhuseleko lolandelelwano, qale unqumle indawo engathathi hlangothi yokuguqula isiseko. Emva kokuba inkqubo ilahlekelwe yindawo ephantsi, ukuba impazamo isekhona, i-voltage engunxantathu evulekile yebhasi ye-PT 3U0 iya kuba nkulu, kwaye ukukhuselwa kwesithuba kuya kusebenza kwakhona ngeli xesha.
Umthombo: Ipulpiti yamandla
