ICanwin iyiNkampani Yokuguqula Amandla Kagesi & Umkhiqizi Wesiguquli Kagesi
Ulimi
ICanwin iyiNkampani Yokuguqula Amandla Kagesi & Umkhiqizi Wesiguquli Kagesi
i-transformer iyimishini emile esebenza ngokuqhubekayo, isebenza ngokwethembeka, mancane amathuba okwehluleka. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi iningi lama-transformer afakwe ngaphandle, futhi athinteka ngumthwalo ngesikhathi sokusebenza kanye nomthelela wephutha lesifunda esifushane sesistimu yamandla, amaphutha ahlukahlukene kanye nezimo ezingavamile azinakugwemeka ohlelweni lokusebenza.
i-transformer iyimishini emile esebenza ngokuqhubekayo, isebenza ngokwethembeka, mancane amathuba okwehluleka. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi iningi lama-transformer afakwe ngaphandle, futhi athinteka ngumthwalo ngesikhathi sokusebenza kanye nomthelela wephutha lesifunda esifushane sesistimu yamandla, amaphutha ahlukahlukene kanye nezimo ezingavamile azinakugwemeka ohlelweni lokusebenza.
1. Amaphutha ajwayelekile kanye ne-anomalies yama-transformer
Amaphutha e-Transformer angahlukaniswa abe amaphutha angaphakathi kanye namaphutha angaphandle.
Amaphutha angaphakathi abhekisela emaphutheni enzeka ngaphakathi kwekesi, njengamaphutha aphakathi kwesigaba esifushane wesekethe yama-windings, amaphutha e-inter-turn short-circuit wesigaba esisodwa, amaphutha e-short-circuit phakathi kwama-winding kanye ne-iron core, kanye namaphutha okunqanyulwa kwama-windings, njll.
Amaphutha angaphandle abhekisela ezigabeni ezihlukahlukene zamaphutha esekethe emfushane phakathi kwemigqa yokuhola yangaphandle yama-transformer kanye namaphutha okumisa isigaba esisodwa okwenzeka lapho umugqa womthofu uqhuma i-flashover ngokusebenzisa ikesi.
Ukwehluleka kwe-Transformer kwenza umonakalo omkhulu. Ikakhulukazi lapho iphutha langaphakathi lenzeka, i-arc yokushisa ephezulu eyenziwa yi-short-circuit current ngeke nje ishise i-insulation kanye ne-iron core ye-transformer winding, kodwa futhi ibangele uwoyela we-transformer ukubola futhi ukhiqize igesi eningi, okuholela ku-transformer. igobolondo deformation ngisho nokuqhuma. Ngakho-ke, lapho i-transformer ihluleka, kufanele isuswe.
Ama-anomalies e-Transformer agcwele kakhulu, ukuncishiswa kwezinga likawoyela, isifunda esifushane sangaphandle esibangelwa i-overcurrent, izinga lokushisa likawoyela we-transformer liphezulu kakhulu, izinga lokushisa elijikajikayo liphezulu kakhulu, ingcindezi ye-transformer iphezulu kakhulu, kanye nokwehluleka kwesistimu yokupholisa. Uma i-transformer ingajwayelekile, kufanele kunikezwe isignali ye-alamu.
Okwesibili, ukucushwa kokuvikela i-transformer
Ukuvikelwa okuyinhloko kwephutha lesifunda esifushane: ukuvikelwa kokuhlukana kwe-longitudinal, ukuvikelwa kwegesi esindayo, njll.
Ukuvikelwa kokulondoloza iphutha lesekethe emfishane: ikakhulukazi ukuvikelwa kwe-voltage ehlanganisiwe yokukhiya ngaphezulu, ukulandelana kweqanda (isiqondiso) ukuvikela okudlulele, ukuvikela okuphansi kwe-impedance, njll.
Ukuvikelwa kokusebenza okungavamile: ikakhulukazi ukuvikela ukulayisha ngokweqile, ukuvikelwa kokuvuthwa ngokweqile, ukuvikela igesi elincane, ukuvikela igebe elimaphakathi, izinga lokushisa likawoyela kanye nokuvikela ukwehluleka kwesistimu yokupholisa.
Okwesithathu, ukuvikela okungezona ugesi
Isivikelo se-transformer esakhiwe ngamafutha, igesi, izinga lokushisa kanye nokunye okungewona ugesi kubizwa ngokuthi ukuvikelwa okungewona ugesi. Kukhona ikakhulukazi ukuvikelwa kwegesi, ukuvikelwa kwengcindezi, ukuvikelwa kwezinga lokushisa, ukuvikelwa kwezinga likawoyela kanye nokuvikelwa kokumisa okupholile. Ukuvikela okungekona okogesi kusebenza njengoba kudingwa isiza ukukhubekisa noma ukuthumela amasignali.
1. Ukuvikelwa kwegesi
Lapho ukwehluleka kwangaphakathi kwe-transformer, ngenxa yendima ye-arc ye-short-circuit yamanje kanye ne-short-circuit point, i-transformer yangaphakathi izokhiqiza igesi eningi, ngesikhathi esifanayo isivinini sokugeleza kwamafutha e-transformer, ukusetshenziswa kwegesi kanye nokugeleza kwamafutha ukuvikela ukuvikela kubizwa ngokuthi ukuvikelwa kwegesi.
(1) Ukuvikelwa kwegesi elula: uma iphutha elincane noma okungavamile kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwe-transformer, ukushisa kwasendaweni kwephuzu lephutha kubangela ukunwetshwa kwengxenye kawoyela, futhi igesi emafutheni yenza amabhamuza futhi ingene esikhungweni segesi. Isenzo sokuvikela igesi elula sithumela isignali yegesi elula.
(2) Ukuvikelwa kwegesi esindayo: lapho iphutha elibi kakhulu lenzeka ku-tank ye-transformer, iphutha lamanje likhulu, futhi i-arc ibangela ukuba uwoyela we-transformer ubole ngobuningi, okuholela ekuphumeni okukhulu kwegesi namafutha. I-baffle yomthelela yenza igesi enzima ilandele isenzo sokuvikela, ithumele isignali yegesi esindayo kanye nohambo lokuphuma, futhi i-transformer iyanqanyulwa.
(3) Ukuvikelwa kwegesi esindayo kuyisivikelo esiyinhloko sokuhluleka kwangaphakathi kwethangi likaphethiloli, elingabonisa ukwehluleka okuhlukahlukene kwangaphakathi kwe-transformer. Lapho i-transformer yenzeka abambalwa baphendukela ukuguqula isifunda esifushane, nakuba iphutha lamanje likhulu kakhulu, kodwa ekuvikelweni okuhlukile okukhiqizwa kumanje okuhlukile kungase kungabi kukhulu, ukuvikelwa okuhlukile kungase kwenqabe ukusebenza. Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yeziphambeko zangaphakathi ze-transformer, kuyadingeka ukuthembela ekuvikelweni kwegesi esindayo ukuze ususe amaphutha.
Isithombe
2, ukuvikelwa kwengcindezi
Ukuvikelwa kokucindezela kuyisivikelo esiyinhloko emaphutheni angaphakathi ethangi le-transformer. Ngokukhululwa kwengcindezi nokuvikelwa kokuguqulwa kwengcindezi, okusetshenziselwa ukukhombisa ingcindezi kawoyela we-transformer.
3, izinga lokushisa kanye nokuvikela izinga likawoyela
Uma izinga lokushisa le-transformer likhuphukela kunani eliyisixwayiso, ukuvikelwa kwezinga lokushisa kuthumela isignali ye-alamu futhi kuqalise isipholile esilindile.
Lapho i-transformer ivuza uwoyela noma yehlisa izinga likawoyela ngenxa yezinye izizathu, izinga likawoyela liyavikelwa futhi kuthunyelwa isignali ye-alamu.
4, i-cooler konke ukuvikela stop
Lapho wonke ama-coolers e-transformer esebenza eyeka, izinga lokushisa le-transformer lizokhuphuka. Uma kungasingathwanga ngesikhathi, i-insulation of the transformer winding ingase yonakaliswe. Ngakho-ke, lapho wonke ama-coolers ema ekusebenzeni kwe-transformer, isivikelo sithumela isignali ye-alamu futhi sikhiphe i-transformer ngemva kokulibaziseka isikhathi eside.
Okwesine, ukuvikeleka okuhlukile
Ukuvikelwa komehluko we-Transformer kuyisivikelo esiyinhloko somthamo kagesi we-transformer, futhi ububanzi bayo bokuvikela yingxenye ezungezwe yi-transformer yamanje ohlangothini ngalunye. Kulolu hlu kwenzeka phakathi kwe-winding circuit short, inter-turn short circuit kanye namanye amaphutha, ukuvikelwa okuhlukile esenzweni.
1, i-transformer inrush yamanje
I-current field ekhiqizwa lapho i-transformer yehliswa ibizwa ngokuthi i-field inrush current. Ubukhulu be-excitation inrush current buhlobene nesakhiwo se-transformer, i-Angle yokuvala, umthamo, ukuphumula ngaphambi kokuvala nezinye izici. Isilinganiso sibonisa ukuthi i-inrush current ivamise ukuba izikhathi ezingu-2 ~ 6 zamanje ezilinganiselwe, futhi umkhawulo ungaphezu kwezikhathi ezingu-8 zamanje ezilinganiselwe. Ngenxa yokuthi i-inrush current igeleza kuphela ku-transformer ohlangothini lokushaja, izokhiqiza umehluko omkhulu wamanje ku-loop ehlukile, okuholela ekusetshenzisweni kabi kokuvikela okuhlukile.
I-inrush current inezici ezilandelayo: a. Inani le-inrush current likhulu kakhulu futhi liqukethe ingxenye esobala ye-aperiodic; B. I-waveform ikhomba futhi ayiqhubeki; C, iqukethe ingxenye ecacile yokuhleleka kwe-harmonic, ikakhulukazi ingxenye yesibili ye-harmonic; D. I-excitation current inrush incishiwe.
Ngokusho kwezici ezingenhla ze-inrush current, ukuze kuvinjwe inrush yamanje ekubangeleni ukuhlukumeza kokuvikela umehluko we-transformer, iphrojekthi isebenzisa izimiso ezintathu: okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-harmonic yesibili, i-waveform asymmetry, i-waveform discontinuity Angle ukuze ibone ukukhiya kokuvikela okuhlukile.
2. Isimiso sesibili sokubhuleka se-harmonic
Ingqikithi ye-harmonic braking yesibili iwukusebenzisa ingxenye yesibili ye-harmonic yamanje ehlukile ukuze wahlulele ukuthi ingabe umehluko uyiphutha lamanje noma i-inrush current. Uma iphesenti lengxenye yesibili ye-harmonic engxenyeni eyisisekelo likhulu kunevelu ethile (imvamisa engu-20%), ukuhluka kwamanje kubhekwa njengokubangelwa ukugijima kwamanje, futhi ukuvikela okuhlukile kuvaliwe.
Ngakho-ke, lapho isilinganiso sesibili se-harmonic braking siba sikhulu, yilapho izinga lesibili le-harmonic eliqukethwe kumagagasi ayisisekelo avunyelwe, futhi umphumela wokubhuleka uba mubi kakhulu.
3, umehluko ukuvikela ikhefu okusheshayo
Uma iphutha elibi kakhulu lenzeka ngaphakathi kwe-transformer futhi iphutha lamanje likhulu ngokwanele ukuholela ekugcwaliseni kwe-CT, i-CT yesibili yamanje iqukethe nenani elikhulu lezingxenye ze-harmonic. Ngokusho kwencazelo engenhla, kungenzeka ukuthi ukuvikela okuhlukile kuzokhiywa noma kubambezeleke ngenxa ye-harmonic braking yesibili. Lokhu kuzolimaza kakhulu i-transformer. Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga, ukuvikeleka kokuhlukana okusheshayo kuvame ukusethwa.
I-elementi ehlukile yokunqamuka okusheshayo empeleni iyisici esiphezulu esihlala sihlukile sokuvikelwa komehluko we-longitudinal. Ihlukile kwinto evamile yokuhlukanisa, ibonisa inani elisebenzayo lokugeleza komehluko. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-waveform yokugeleza komehluko kangakanani, ukuthi usayizi wengxenye ye-harmonic, inqobo nje uma inani elisebenzayo lokugeleza komehluko lidlula inani lokusetha lekhefu lejubane elihlukile (ngokuvamile liphakeme kunevelu yokusetha yokuvikela okuhlukile), izosusa ngokushesha i-transformer, ngaphandle kwe-excitation inrush current kanye nezinye izindlela zokukhiya.
Okwesihlanu, ukuvikela isipele se-transformer
Ukuvikelwa okuyinhloko kwe-transformer kwethulwa kafushane, futhi ukuvikelwa okuyisipele kwe-transformer kuyaqhubeka nokwethulwa. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokucushwa kokuvikela okuyisipele kwama-transformer. Lapha, sethula kafushane izinhlobo ezimbili zokuvikela ikhophi yasenqolobaneni ye-transformer, okuwukuvikela okuvala i-voltage ephindwe kabili kanye nokuvikela phansi.
1, ukukhiya ingcindezi ekabili phezu kokuvikela kwamanje
I-compound voltage locking overcurrent protection isivikelo esiyisipele sephutha lesifunda esifushane phakathi kwama-transformer amakhulu naphakathi. Ifanele i-step-up transformers, i-transformer yokuxhuma kwesistimu kanye nama-trans-down-down transformer okuvikelwa kwe-overcurrent akukwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuzwela. I-voltage ehlanganisiwe eyakhiwe i-voltage elandelanayo engalungile kanye ne-voltage ephansi ingabonisa amaphutha ahlukahlukene ebangeni lokuvikela, yehlise inani lokusetha lokuvikela okudlulele, futhi ithuthukise ukuzwela.
Inhlanganisela ye-voltage overcurrent protection yakhiwa isici se-voltage ehlanganisiwe, i-elementi ye-overcurrent kanye nesici sesikhathi. Ukufinyelela kwamanje kokuvikela ugesi wesibili we-CT YEZIGABA EZINTATHU ohlangothini lwendawo lwe-transformer, futhi i-voltage yokufinyelela iyi-voltage ye-PT yesibili yesigaba sesithathu ohlangothini lwendawo noma kwezinye izinhlangothi ze-transformer. Ukuze kuvikelwe i-microcomputer, i-voltage yalolu hlangothi inganikezwa kwezinye izinhlangothi ngesofthiwe, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi noma yiluphi uhlangothi lokugcinwa kwe-PT, lusengakwazi ukusebenzisa ukuvikelwa kwe-voltage overcurrent eyinkimbinkimbi. I-logic yesenzo iboniswa ngezansi.
2, ukuvikelwa kwesisekelo se-transformer
Ukuvikelwa kwebhekhaphu yokubeka phansi iphutha lesifunda esifushane se-transformer enkulu naphakathi ngokuvamile: ukuvikelwa kwe-zero ukulandelana kwe-overcurrent, ukulandelana kwe-zero ukuvikelwa kwe-overvoltage, ukuvikelwa kwegebe nokunye. Okulandelayo isingeniso esifushane sezindlela ezintathu ezihlukene zokusekela ezisekelwe endaweni engathathi hlangothi.
(1) Iphuzu elingathathi hlangothi lisekelwe ngokuqondile
Kuma-transformer ane-voltage engu-110kV futhi ngaphezu kwephoyinti eliphakathi nendawo asekelwe ngokuqondile, ukuvikela kwamanje okulandelanayo okuyiziro kufanele kubekwe eceleni kwesistimu yamanje yokubeka phansi ephezulu ukuze kubonakale iphutha eliphansi. Kuma-transformer asekelwe ngokuqondile kuzo zombili izinhlangothi eziphakeme nezimaphakathi, isivikelo samanje sokulandelana kweziro kufanele sibe kuhlangothi lwebhasi ngalinye.
Umgomo wokuvikeleka kwamanje wokulandelana kweziro ufana nowokuvikela umugqa onguziro wokulandelana, bhekisela odabeni 30. I-zero-sequence yamanje ingase ithathwe ku-CT yesibili yamanje yephoyinti elingathathi hlangothi, noma kusukela kumanje wesigaba sesibili se-CT ohlangothini lwendawo. I-voltage ye-zero yokulandelana exhunywe ku-elementi yokuqondisa ingatholakala ku-PT yokuvula unxantathu we-voltage ohlangothini lwendawo noma kusukela ku-voltage yesibili yezigaba ezintathu zohlangothi lwendawo. Edivayisini yokuvikela i-microcomputer, ikakhulukazi sebenzisa indlela yokuzikhiqiza.
Kuma-transformer amakhulu anamawindi amathathu, isivikelo samanje sokulandelana kwe-zero singaba yizigaba ezintathu. Kukhona isiqondiso esigabeni I no-II, futhi akukho siqondiso esigabeni III. Isigaba ngasinye ngokuvamile sinokubambezeleka okuyizigaba ezimbili, nokubambezeleka okufushane kokunciphisa ibanga lephutha (gxuma ibhasi noma iswishi yendawo), nokubambezeleka okude ukuze ukhiphe isiguquli (gxuma ukushintshwa kwezinhlangothi ezintathu). Ukucushwa okukhethekile kokuvikela kuncike esimweni sangempela.
Njengoba kuboniswe emfanekisweni, ngemva kokusebenza kokuvikelwa kwamanje kwesiqondisindlela sokulandelana kweziro esigabeni I noma II, ibhasi le-t1 noma i-T3 noma inkinobho yendawo enokubambezeleka okufushane kufanele kweqe kuqala ukuze kuncishiswe ububanzi bethonya lephutha. Uma ubuningi bephutha busekhona, i-transformer kufanele inqanyulwe nge-t2 noma i-T4 yokushintsha indlela emithathu ngokubambezeleka okude. Isigaba III ngaphandle kwesiqondiso, i-transformer isuswa ngokuqondile ngokulibaziseka.
(2) iphuzu elingathathi hlangothi alisekelwe
I-zero yamanje yokulandelana idlula endaweni engathathi hlangothi ye-transformer ukwenza iluphu yokulandelana eyiziro. Kodwa-ke, uma wonke amaphuzu angathathi hlangothi we-transformer esekelwe phansi, i-short-circuit current endaweni yokumisa izosatshalaliswa ku-transformer ngayinye, okuzokwenza ukuthi ukuzwela kokuvikelwa kwe-overcurrent okulandelanayo kwe-zero kuncishiswe. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kukhawulwe okwamanje ukulandelana kukaziro kububanzi obuthile, inani lama-transformer asekelwe endaweni engathathi hlangothi liyalawulwa.
Ku-transformer engagxiliwe, ukuvikelwa kwe-voltage elandelanayo eyiziro kufanele kumiswe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukulimala kwe-overvoltage ku-transformer okubangelwa i-gap arc endaweni yephutha lapho kwenzeka iphutha.
I-transformer evalekile ngokugcwele ngenxa yezinga layo eliphezulu lokwahlukanisa lephoyinti elingathathi hlangothi, lapho uhlelo lwenzeka iphutha eliphansi, ukuvikelwa kwamanje kokuqala okulandelanayo okuyiziro ukuze kususwe isiguquli sesisekelo sephoyinti elingathathi hlangothi, uma iphutha lisekhona, bese kuthi ukuvikelwa kwamandla kagesi okulandelanayo ku-zero kususwe. i-neutral point point ungrounded transformer.
(3) Iphuzu elingathathi hlangothi lisekelwe ngegebe lokukhipha
Wonke ama-hV transformer afakwe i-semi-insulated, futhi ukwahlukanisa kwekhoyili engathathi hlangothi phansi kubuthakathaka kunezinye izingxenye. I-Neutral insulation ijwayele ukuwohloka. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukumisa ukuvikelwa kwemvume.
Indima yokuvikela igebe ukuvikela indawo engathathi hlangothi yokuphepha kwe-transformer insulation ungrounded.
Njengoba kubonisiwe, igebe le-abreakdown lifakiwe phakathi kwephoyinti elingathathi hlangothi le-transformer nomhlabathi. Uma iswishi yokuhlukanisa umhlaba ivaliwe, i-transformer igxiliswa ngokuqondile bese kufakwa ukuvikelwa kwe-overcurrent ngokulandelana kweziro. Uma iswishi yokuhlukanisa indawo ephansi inqanyulwa, i-transformer ivalwa ngegebe bese ifakwa esivikelweni segebe.
Ukuvikelwa kwegebe kubonakala ngokusebenzisa i-gap yamanje engu-3I0 egeleza endaweni engathathi hlangothi ye-transformer kanye ne-voltage engunxantathu yokuvula i-3U0 yebhasi ye-PT njengombandela.
Uma iphuzu elingathathi hlangothi endaweni yephutha liphakanyisiwe, ukuhlukana kwegebe, okubangela igebe elikhulu lamanje i-3I0, ngalesi sikhathi, isenzo sokuvikela igebe, ngemva kokulibaziseka ukususa i-transformer. Ukwengeza, lapho isistimu inephutha lesisekelo, isenzo sokuvikela sephoyinti elingathathi hlangothi lesisekelo sendawo ye-zero isenzo sokuvikela ukulandelana, siqale ngokusika isiguquli esiyisisekelo sephoyinti elingathathi hlangothi. Ngemuva kokuthi uhlelo lulahlekelwe iphuzu lomhlabathi, uma iphutha lisekhona, i-voltage engunxantathu evulekile yebhasi PT 3U0 izoba nkulu, futhi ukuvikelwa kwegebe kuzosebenza ngalesi sikhathi.
Umthombo: Ipulpiti yamandla
