Ukusika i-laser ubuchwepheshe obusebenzisa i-laser enamandla amakhulu ukusika izinto ngokunemba nangokunemba. Le nqubo ivame ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni izimboni, kodwa futhi iyaziwa kakhulu emabhizinisini amancane nasezilungiselelweni zokuzilibazisa.
Imishini yokusika i-laser isebenza ngokuqondisa ugongolo lwe-laser olunamandla amakhulu phezu kwezinto ezizosikwa. I-laser beam ilawulwa ikhompuyutha, eyiqondisa eduze kwempahla ukuze ikhiqize umumo noma iphethini oyifunayo. Lobu buchwepheshe buguquguquka ngendlela emangalisayo futhi bungasetshenziswa ukusika inhlobonhlobo yezinto, okuhlanganisa insimbi, ukhuni, ipulasitiki, ingilazi, nokunye.
Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukusebenza kwangaphakathi kwemishini yokusika i-laser, okuhlanganisa izingxenye ezibalulekile kanye nenqubo esebenza ngayo. Sizophinde sixoxe ngezinzuzo kanye nemikhawulo yobuchwepheshe bokusika i-laser, kanye nezicelo zayo ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene.
Imishini yokusika i-laser iqukethe izingxenye ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ezisebenza ndawonye ukuze zilethe amakhono okusika anembile nasebenzayo. Izingxenye eziyinhloko zomshini wokusika we-laser ojwayelekile zihlanganisa umthombo we-laser, i-laser resonator, iyunithi yokulawula, uhlaka lomshini, kanye nekhanda lokusika.
Umthombo we-laser yinhliziyo yomshini wokusika i-laser, njengoba ukhiqiza ugongolo lwe-laser olunamandla amakhulu olusetshenziselwa ukusika. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zemithombo ye-laser esetshenziswa emishinini yokusika i-carbon dioxide (CO2) lasers kanye ne-neodymium (Nd) lasers. Ama-lasers e-CO2 ayindlela ethandwa kakhulu yokusika izinto ezingezona ezensimbi, kuyilapho ama-lasers e-Nd ekhethwa ukusika insimbi.
I-laser resonator inesibopho sokukhulisa isigxobo se-laser futhi siyihambise ekhanda lokusika. Iqukethe uchungechunge lwezibuko namalensi asiza ukugxila futhi aqondise i-laser beam ezintweni ezizosikwa. Iyunithi yokulawula, ngokuvamile isistimu yokulawula izinombolo zekhompyutha (CNC), iqondisa ukunyakaza kwe-laser beam kanye nokokusebenza ngendlela enembile nelawulwayo.
Uhlaka lomshini luhlinzeka ngosekelo lwesakhiwo kulo lonke uhlelo, luqinisekisa ukuzinza nokunemba phakathi nenqubo yokusika. Ekugcineni, ikhanda lokusika liyingxenye exhumana ngokuqondile nezinto ezibonakalayo, ukuletha i-laser beam egxilile futhi inikeze igesi edingekayo noma umoya wenqubo yokusika.
Inqubo yokusika i-laser iqala ngokulungiswa kwezinto ezizosikwa. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ngokuvamile zivikeleka endaweni yokusebenza kusetshenziswa izinsimbi noma itafula le-vacuum ukuvimbela ukunyakaza ngesikhathi sokusika. Uma izinto sezikhona, u-opharetha ulayisha uhlelo lokusika endaweni yokulawula futhi aqalise inqubo yokusika.
Njengoba uhlelo lokusika luqala, umthombo we-laser ukhiqiza isigxobo se-laser esinamandla amakhulu, esibe sesiqondiswa nge-laser resonator bese sihanjiswa ekhanda lokusika. Iyunithi yokulawula iqondisa ukunyakaza kwekhanda lokusika kanye nempahla, iqinisekisa ukuthi i-laser beam ilandela indlela yokusika ehleliwe ngokunemba okuphezulu nokunemba.
Njengoba i-laser beam ihlangana nezinto ezibonakalayo, ishisa ngokushesha futhi ihwamulise indawo engaphezulu, idale i-kerf encane ehlukanisa izinto zibe izingcezu ezimbili ezihlukene. Kuye ngento esikwayo, igesi yokusiza efana ne-oxygen, i-nitrogen, noma umoya ocindezelweyo ingasetshenziswa ukusiza ukwenza kube lula inqubo yokusika nokukhipha imfucumfucu encibilikisiwe ku-kerf.
Yonke inqubo yokusika iqedwa ngemizuzwana noma imizuzu, kuye ngobunkimbinkimbi bomklamo kanye nobukhulu bezinto. Uma ukusika sekuqediwe, impahla ingasuswa endaweni yokusebenza, futhi noma yikuphi ukuthinta kokuqeda noma ukucubungula okwengeziwe kungasetshenziswa njengoba kudingeka.
Ubuchwepheshe bokusika i-laser bunikeza izinzuzo eziningi kunezindlela zokusika zendabuko, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuthandwayo ezimbonini eziningi. Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zokusika kwe-laser ukunemba nokunemba kwayo, okuvumela imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi nokubekezelelana okuqinile kuzuzwe kalula. Leli zinga lokunemba linzima ukuliphindaphinda nezinye izindlela zokusika, okwenza ukusika kwe-laser kube kuhle ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza.
Enye inzuzo yokusika kwe-laser ukuguquguquka kwayo. Imishini yokusika i-laser ingakwazi ukucubungula izinto ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi izinsimbi, amapulasitiki, ukhuni, ingilazi nokunye. Lokhu kuguquguquka kwenza ukusika i-laser kube ithuluzi elibalulekile labakhiqizi namabhizinisi asebenza ngezinto ezihlukene nemikhiqizo.
Ngaphezu kokunemba nokuguquguquka kwayo, ukusika kwe-laser kunikeza amandla okusika ngesivinini esikhulu, okuvumela ukukhiqizwa okusheshayo nokuphumelelayo kwezingxenye nezingxenye. Lokhu kungaholela ezikhathini eziphansi zokukhiqiza kanye nezindleko ezincishisiwe, okwenza ukusika i-laser kube isisombululo esingabizi kakhulu sezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi.
Ekugcineni, ubuchwepheshe bokusika i-laser buyaziwa nangodoti wabo wezinto ezincane kanye nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu. Ngokungafani nezindlela zokusika zendabuko, ezingase zikhiqize imfucuza ebalulekile futhi zidinga izinqubo zokuqeda ezengeziwe, ukusika kwe-laser kukhiqiza ukusikeka okuhlanzekile, okunembile ngokulahlekelwa okuncane noma okungekho lutho. Lokhu kungaholela ekongeni kwezindleko kanye nokusimama okuthuthukisiwe kwamabhizinisi nabakhiqizi.
Ngenkathi ubuchwepheshe bokusika be-laser bunikeza izinzuzo eziningi, bubuye bube nemikhawulo ethile ebalulekile okufanele icatshangelwe. Enye yemikhawulo eyinhloko yokusika kwe-laser ihlobene nobukhulu bezinto ezingasikwa. Nakuba imishini yokusika i-laser ingakwazi ukucubungula izinto eziningi ezihlukahlukene, ingase ingafaneleki ukusika izinto eziwugqinsi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma usebenzisa ama-laser e-CO2.
Ngaphezu kobukhulu bezinto ezibonakalayo, uhlobo lwezinto ezisikwayo nazo zingaba nomthelela ekusebenzeni kwe-laser cutting. Ezinye izinto, njengezinsimbi ezikhanyayo kanye namapulasitiki athile, kungaba inselele ukusika ngelaser ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo ezikhanyayo kanye namandla omonakalo oshisayo. Amasu akhethekile nezinto zokusebenza zingadingeka ukuze unqobe le mikhawulo futhi uzuze ukusikeka kwekhwalithi ephezulu.
Omunye umkhawulo wobuchwepheshe bokusika i-laser uhlobene nezindleko zemishini nokugcinwa. Imishini yokusika i-laser ingaba utshalomali olubalulekile, futhi idinga ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile nokulinganisa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle. Kwamanye amabhizinisi, izindleko zokuqala kanye nezindleko eziqhubekayo ezihambisana nobuchwepheshe bokusika i-laser zingase zibenqabela, okuholela ekuhloleni ezinye izindlela zokusika.
Okokugcina, ukucatshangelwa kwemvelo nokuphepha kobuchwepheshe bokusika i-laser akufanele kunganakwa. Imishini yokusika i-laser ikhiqiza intuthu, amagesi, nezinhlayiya ezinhle ngesikhathi sokusika, okungase kudinge umoya ofanele kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlunga ukuze kuncishiswe izingozi ezingaba khona zezempilo nokuphepha. Ukwengeza, ukusetshenziswa kwama-laser anamandla amakhulu kudala izingozi ezingaba khona kubaqhubi nabasebenzi abanakekelayo, okudinga ukuqeqeshwa okufanele nezinqubo zokuphepha.
Ubuchwepheshe bokusika i-laser busetshenziswa kabanzi kuzo zonke izimboni nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene, ngenxa yokuguquguquka, ukunemba nokusebenza kahle. Emkhakheni wokukhiqiza, imishini yokusika i-laser ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izingxenye zezimoto, i-aerospace, electronics, kanye nezimpahla zabathengi. Ikhono lokusika ubujamo obuyinkimbinkimbi nemiklamo ngokunemba okuphezulu kwenza ukusika kwe-laser kube isisombululo esifanelekile sokukhiqiza izingxenye zangokwezifiso nama-prototypes.
Ngaphezu kokukhiqiza, ukusika nge-laser kusetshenziswa futhi emikhakheni yezokwakha nokuklama ukwenza amaphethini ayinkimbinkimbi, izimpawu, nezinto zokuhlobisa. Ikhono lokusika nokuqopha izinto zokwakha ngemininingwane emihle nokunemba livula umhlaba wamathuba okudala kubaklami bezakhiwo, amaciko, nabaklami.
Ubuchwepheshe bokusika i-laser buvame kakhulu ezimbonini zezokwelapha nezemithi, lapho busetshenziselwa khona ukukhiqiza amadivaysi e-microfluidic, izimila zezokwelapha, nezinsimbi zokuhlinza. Ukunemba nokuhlanzeka kokusika kwe-laser kuyenza ifanelekele ukudala izingxenye zezokwelapha eziyinkimbinkimbi nezintekenteke ezinekhwalithi ephezulu nokungaguquguquki.
Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza eziphawulekayo zobuchwepheshe bokusika i-laser zihlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kokupakisha ngokwezifiso kanye nezibonisi zemboni yezitolo, kanye nokwakhiwa kwezingxenye ze-electronics kanye namadivayisi amancane omkhakha wezobuchwepheshe. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuthuthuka, izicelo ezingase zibe khona zokusika i-laser kulindeleke ukuthi ziqhubeke ziqhubeke, zinikeze izixazululo ezintsha nezintsha kuzo zonke izimboni ezahlukahlukene.
Sengiphetha, ubuchwepheshe bokusika i-laser buyindlela yokusika eguquguqukayo futhi enembile enikeza izinzuzo eziningi kubakhiqizi namabhizinisi. Ngokusebenzisa amandla ama-laser anamandla amakhulu, imishini yokusika i-laser ingakhiqiza imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi, ukubekezelelana okuqinile, nokusikeka kwekhwalithi ephezulu ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto. Nakuba ubuchwepheshe bokusika i-laser bunokulinganiselwa nokucatshangelwa, ukusetshenziswa kwabo kuhlukahlukene futhi kuyaqhubeka nokuvela, okwenza kube yithuluzi elibalulekile lezimboni ezihlukahlukene.
Izingxenye ezibalulekile zomshini wokusika i-laser, okuhlanganisa umthombo we-laser, i-laser resonator, iyunithi yokulawula, ifreyimu yomshini, kanye nekhanda lokusika, zisebenza ngazwi linye ukuletha amakhono okusika angaguquguquki nasebenzayo. Ngokunemba kwayo, ukuguquguquka, nokusebenza kahle, ubuchwepheshe bokusika i-laser buyinketho ethandwayo kubakhiqizi, abaklami, namabhizinisi afuna ukukhiqiza izingxenye nemikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu enokumosha okuncane nezindleko.
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