Okusungulwe Kwezinto Ezisebenza Kagesi Ezithuthukisiwe Zokugcina Amandla Amasistimu

Ugesi uyingxenye ebalulekile yezwe lethu lanamuhla, unika amandla yonke into kusukela kuma-smartphone ethu kuya emakhaya nasemabhizinisini ethu. Njengoba isidingo samandla ahlanzekile nasimeme sikhula, kanjalo nokubaluleka kokuthuthukisa amasistimu okugcina amandla asebenza kahle futhi amasha. Ukuqanjwa kwezinto ezintsha zikagesi kudlale indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni lezi zinhlelo zokugcina amandla, okuvumela umthamo omkhulu, ukushaja okusheshayo, nempilo yomjikelezo omude. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ezinye zentuthuko yakamuva ezintweni zikagesi zokugcinwa kwamandla, kanye nomthelela wazo ongaba khona ekusaseni lamandla aqhubekayo.

Intuthuko Kumabhethri e-Lithium-Ion

Amabhethri e-lithium-ion asephenduke isixazululo sokugcina amandla kuyo yonke into kusukela ezimotweni zikagesi ukuya endaweni yokugcina amandla esikalini segridi. Intuthuko yakamuva ezintweni zikagesi igxile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza nokuphepha kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion. Enye indawo yokuqanjwa okusha ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto eziphezulu ze-cathode, njenge-lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) kanye ne-lithium nickel cobalt aluminium oxide (NCA). Lezi zinto zivumela ukuminyana kwamandla okuphezulu, okusho ukuthi amabhethri angagcina amandla amaningi endaweni efanayo. Ukwengeza, abacwaningi bebesebenzela ukuthuthukisa ama-electrolyte e-solid state, okungenzeka athathe indawo yama-electrolyte oketshezi oluvuthayo asetshenziswa kumabhethri e-lithium-ion endabuko. Lokhu kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukuphepha nokuphila isikhathi eside kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion, kuwenze abe inketho ethembeke kakhulu yokugcina amandla.

Izinto Ezivelayo Zamabhethri Esizukulwane Esilandelayo

Nakuba amabhethri e-lithium-ion abelokhu eshintsha igeyimu yokugcina amandla, abacwaningi bahlale befuna izinto ezintsha ezingase zithuthukise ukusebenza nokuzinza. Indawo eyodwa ethembisayo yocwaningo ukwakhiwa kwamabhethri e-sodium-ion, asebenzisa i-sodium ion esikhundleni sama-lithium ion ukuze agcine futhi akhulule amandla. I-sodium iyiningi kakhulu futhi ingabizi kakhulu kune-lithium, okwenza amabhethri e-sodium-ion abe enye indlela engabizi kakhulu futhi esimeme. Enye intuthuko ethokozisayo ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziphilayo, njengama-polymers nama-molecule amancane, njengezinto ezisebenzayo kumabhethri. Lezi zinto zemvelo zinikeza amandla aphezulu okuminyana kwamandla, ukushaja okusheshayo, kanye nobungane bemvelo, okuzenza zibe inketho ekhangayo yezinhlelo zokugcina amandla esizukulwaneni esilandelayo.

Izinto Ezithuthukisiwe Ze-Capacitor Zezicelo Ezinamandla Aphezulu

Nakuba amabhethri ekufanele kahle ukugcina nokuletha amandla amakhulu, awahlali eyinketho engcono kakhulu yezinhlelo zokusebenza zamandla aphezulu. Ama-Capacitor, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ahamba phambili ekuletheni amandla ngokushesha nangempumelelo. Izinqubo ezintsha zakamuva zezinto zikagesi zigxile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwama-capacitor, okwenza kube inketho ekhangayo yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana nezimoto zikagesi kanye nezinhlelo zamandla avuselelekayo. Indawo eyodwa yentuthuko ukuthuthukiswa kwama-supercapacitor, asebenzisa izinto ezithuthukisiwe ezifana ne-carbon nanotubes ne-graphene ukuze kuzuzwe ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu kanye nemijikelezo yokushaja/yokukhipha ngokushesha. Lezi zinto zivumela ama-supercapacitor ukuthi agcine futhi alethe amandla ngokuphumelelayo kunama-capacitor endabuko, okwenza kube inketho ebalulekile yezinhlelo zokusebenza zamandla aphezulu.

Izinto Ezisenoveli Zokuvunwa Amandla Nokugcina

Ngaphezu kokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwezinhlelo zendabuko zokugcina amandla, ucwaningo lwezinto zikagesi luphinde lugxile ekuthuthukiseni izinto ezintsha zokuvuna nokugcina amandla. Isibonelo, abacwaningi bahlola ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ze-thermoelectric, eziguqula ukushisa zibe ugesi, njengendlela yokubamba nokugcina ukushisa kwemfucuza kusuka ezinkambisweni zezimboni. Lokhu kungasiza ekwenzeni ngcono ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kanye nokunciphisa ukumoshwa kwezinhlelo eziningi ezahlukene. Enye indawo emisha ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezithuthukisiwe zokugcina amandla elanga, njengamaseli e-solar asekelwe e-perovskite kanye nezinto zebhethri ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Lezi zinto zihlose ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokuthembeka kwezinhlelo zamandla elanga, okuzenza zibe inketho esebenzayo yokwamukelwa kabanzi.

Umthelela Wezinto Ezintsha Zikagesi Kumandla Aqhubekayo

Intuthuko eqhubekayo yezinto zikagesi zezinhlelo zokugcina amandla inamandla okuba nomthelela obonakalayo kwikusasa lamandla esimeme. Ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza, ukuphepha, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko kobuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla, lezi zinto ezintsha zisiza ukwenza amandla ahlanzekile afinyeleleke kakhudlwana futhi athembeke kuhlelo olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza. Kusukela kusitoreji samandla esikalini segridi kuya ku-elekthronikhi ephathekayo, lezi ntuthuko ziqhubezela uguquko oluya endaweni esimeme futhi esebenza kahle yamandla.

Sengiphetha, umkhakha wokucwaninga ngezinto zikagesi uyingxenye ebalulekile yemizamo eqhubekayo yokuthuthukisa amasistimu okugcina amandla athuthukile. Kusukela ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion kuya ekuhloleni izinto ezintsha zokulondoloza amandla esizukulwaneni esilandelayo, lezi zinto ezintsha zisiza ukuhlahla indlela yekusasa lamandla elizinzile nelisebenza kahle kakhulu. Njengoba abacwaningi beqhubeka nokuphusha imingcele yalokho okungenzeka ngezinto zikagesi, amandla okuguquguquka kwezinhlelo zokugcina amandla makhulu kunangaphambili.