Isayensi Yezinhlelo Zokupholisa Ze-Transformer Iyachazwa
Ama-Transformer ayizingxenye ezibalulekile ezinhlelweni zokusabalalisa amandla, ahlinzeka ngomsebenzi obalulekile wokwenyuka noma ukwehla kwamazinga kagesi ukuze unike amandla ukudluliswa nokusetshenziswa kahle kwamandla kagesi. Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle nokuphila isikhathi eside, ama-transformer adinga amasistimu okupholisa asebenzayo ukuze alawule ukushisa okukhiqizwa phakathi nokusebenza. Kulesi sihloko, sizocubungula isayensi engemuva kwezinhlelo zokupholisa ze-transformer, sihlole izindlela ezahlukene nobuchwepheshe obusetshenziselwa ukuqeda ukushisa nokugcina izinga lokushisa eliphephile lokusebenza.
Ama-transformer asebenza ngesimiso sokungeniswa kuka-electromagnetic, lapho ukushintshana kwamanje okugeleza kukhoyili eyinhloko kungenisa inkambu kazibuthe, yona, ekhiqiza i-voltage kukhoyili yesibili. Le nqubo iphumela ngokungagwemeki ekuguqulweni kwamandla kagesi ekushiseni, okumele kuhlakazwe ngokuphumelelayo ukuvimbela ukushisa nokulimala ku-transformer. Inani lokushisa elikhiqizwayo lilingana ngokuqondile nomthwalo we-transformer kanye nokulahlekelwa, nokulahlekelwa okuyinhloko nokumayo okuyimithombo eyinhloko yokukhiqiza ukushisa.
Ukuze kube lula ukuchithwa okuphumelelayo kokushisa, umklamo we-transformer uhlanganisa izindlela zokupholisa ezihlukahlukene, ngayinye enezinzuzo zayo eziyingqayizivele kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Lezi zindlela zokupholisa zingahlukaniswa ngobubanzi zibe izigaba ezimbili: uhlobo olomile (ukupholisa komoya) kanye nezinhlelo zokucwiliswa uketshezi (ukupholisa uwoyela).
Ama-transformer ohlobo olomile ancike ekujikelezeni komoya okungokwemvelo noma okuphoqelekile ukuze akhiphe ukushisa, okuwenza afanelekele ukufakwa endlini lapho ukusetshenziswa koketshezi oluvuthayo kuveza ubungozi bokuphepha. Indawo yokupholisa eyinhloko kuma-transformer ohlobo olomile umoya, ozungeza ama-windings kanye nomgogodla ukuze uthwale ukushisa. Ukupholisa kwe-convection yemvelo kusebenzisa umphumela wokunyakaza wokukhuphuka komoya oshisayo kanye nokucwila komoya opholile ukuze kudale ukugeleza okuqhubekayo okususa ukushisa ngaphandle kwesidingo samafeni ayimishini.
Ngokuphambene, amasistimu okupholisa umoya aphoqelelwe aqasha amafeni noma izifutha ukuze athuthukise ukugeleza komoya futhi akhulise ukunqanyulwa kokushisa, awenze afanelekele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinomthwalo oshisayo ophakeme noma umoya olinganiselwe. Naphezu kokulula kwazo kanye nobungane bemvelo, ama-transformer ohlobo olomile ngokuvamile awasebenzi kahle ekukhipheni ukushisa uma kuqhathaniswa nozakwabo abacwiliswe uketshezi, anciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwawo ezinhlelweni ezisebenza ngamandla amakhulu nezinzima.
Ama-transformer acwiliswe oketshezi asebenzisa uketshezi lwe-dielectric, ngokuvamile uwoyela wamaminerali noma ezinye izinto ezingashi ezifana ne-silicone noma uketshezi olusekelwe ku-ester, njengendawo yokupholisa eyinhloko yokukhipha ukushisa. Imvelo ecwiliswe ngamafutha yalezi ziguquli ivumela ukudluliswa kokushisa okuphumelelayo uma kuqhathaniswa nomoya, okuvumela izilinganiso zamandla aphezulu nokusebenza okuqhubekayo ekulayisheni okugcwele ngaphandle kokushisa ngokweqile.
Kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokupholisa ezisetshenziswa kuma-transformer acwiliswe uketshezi, okuhlanganisa ukujikeleza kukawoyela wemvelo, ukujikeleza kukawoyela ngempoqo, kanye nokupholisa okuqondile ngokusetshenziswa kwezishintshi zokushisa zangaphandle. Ukujikeleza kukawoyela wemvelo kuncike emifuleni yemvelo yokuguquguquka ngaphakathi kwethangi le-transformer ukusabalalisa ukushisa ngokulinganayo futhi ukususe endaweni yethangi. Ukujikeleza kwamafutha okuphoqelekile, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kusebenzisa amaphampu ukuze ajikeleze uwoyela ngenkuthalo ngokusebenzisa iziteshi zokupholisa kanye nezishintshisi zokushisa, okuhlinzeka ngomthamo omkhulu wokupholisa nokulawula amazinga okushisa okusebenza.
Eminyakeni yakamuva, intuthuko kubuchwepheshe bokupholisa iholele ekuthuthukisweni kwezixazululo ezintsha zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokuthembeka kwezinhlelo zokupholisa i-transformer. Obunye ubuchwepheshe obunjalo buwukusetshenziswa koketshezi lwe-ester yokwenziwa njengendlela ehlukile evumelana nemvelo kuwoyela wamaminerali wendabuko, okunikeza izici eziphakeme ze-dielectric kanye ne-thermal conductivity. Ama-Synthetic esters aphinde abonise izici zokuzicisha uma kwenzeka umlilo, ukunciphisa ingozi yezingozi ezihlobene nomlilo ekufakweni kwe-transformer.
Omunye umkhuba ovelayo wokupholisa i-transformer ukuhlanganiswa kwamasistimu okupholisa asebenzayo, njengokupholisa uketshezi nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi noma okunye okupholisayo. Ukupholisa uketshezi olusebenzayo kunikeza i-coefficient ephezulu yokudlulisa ukushisa uma kuqhathaniswa nomoya noma uwoyela, okuvumela amadizayini aminyene e-transformer kanye nokuminyana kwamandla okwandisiwe. Ukwengeza, izindlela ezithuthukisiwe zokulawula ukushisa, njengokusetshenziswa kwezinto zokushintsha kwesigaba kanye nokugcinwa kwamandla okushisa, ziyahlolwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokupholisa kanye nokusebenza kokushisa kwama-transformer.
Naphezu kwentuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe bokupholisa, izinhlelo zokupholisa i-transformer zisabhekene nezinselele eziningi kanye nokucatshangelwa okufanele kubhekwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle nokwethembeka. Enye yezinselele eziyinhloko isidingo sokugcina ukupholisa okungaguquki ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene zomthwalo kanye nezici zemvelo, njengezinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama. Ukupholisa okunganele kungaholela ekugugeni ngokushesha kwezinto zokufakelwa kanye nokunciphisa impilo ye-transformer.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwanda kwesidingo sama-transformer ahlangene nawonga amandla kubangela izinselele ekulawuleni ukuminyana kokushisa okuphezulu kanye nengcindezi yokushisa ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo yendawo elinganiselwe. Ukuphatha okushisayo okusebenzayo kanye nokwakhiwa kwesistimu efanele kubalulekile ukuze kuncishiswe lezi zinselele futhi kuqinisekiswe ukwethembeka kwesikhathi eside kwezinhlelo zokupholisa i-transformer.
Sengiphetha, isayensi yezinhlelo zokupholisa i-transformer iyisici esibalulekile sokuklama nokusebenza kwe-transformer, edlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ukusebenza kahle nokwelula isikhathi sokuphila salezi zingxenye ezibalulekile zikagesi. Ngokuqonda izimiso nobuchwepheshe obusekela ukupholisa kwe-transformer, onjiniyela nabaqhubi bangenza izinqumo ezinolwazi ukuze bakhethe amasistimu okupholisa afaneleka kakhulu ezinhlelo zabo zokusebenza ezithile, ekugcineni kube nesandla ekusebenzeni kahle nasekuthembekeni kwezinhlelo zokusabalalisa amandla. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuvela, ucwaningo oluqhubekayo kanye nentuthuko ekupholiseni kwe-transformer kuzoholela ekuthuthukisweni okuqhubekayo nokwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha, ukuqinisekisa ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kokusebenza kwe-transformer kanye nokusimama endaweni yesimanje yamandla.
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