Ama-Transformer Protection Schemes: Uhlolojikelele

I-transformer iyingxenye ebalulekile ohlelweni lwamandla, futhi kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokuvikela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwayo okuphephile nokuthembekile. Amasu okuvikela ama-Transformer aklanyelwe ukuthola futhi aphendule ezimweni ezingavamile zokusebenza, njengokulayishwa ngokweqile, amasekhethi amafushane, nokwehluleka kokufakwa kwezinto, ukuze kuvinjwe ukulimala kwemishini kanye nokuphelelwa yisikhathi kwesistimu yamandla. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlinzeka ngokubukezwa kwezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zokuvikela ama-transformer ezisetshenziswa embonini, okuhlanganisa nemigomo yazo, amadivaysi, kanye nezicelo.

Ukuvikelwa Okuhlukile

Ukuvikelwa okuhlukile kungenye yezinhlelo ezivame kakhulu nezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokuvikela i-transformer. Isebenza ngomgomo wokuqhathanisa ukungena kwamanje nokushiya ama-windings we-transformer. Uma kukhona iphutha ngaphakathi kwendawo evikelekile, i-current izobe ingalingani, futhi i-relay ehlukile izosebenza ukuze ihambe ku-transformer. Ukuvikelwa okuhlukile kunikeza ukuzwela okuphezulu emaphutheni angaphakathi futhi kuvikelekile kumaphutha kanye nokuphazamiseka kwangaphandle. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa kuma-transformer amakhulu futhi iyasebenza ekutholeni amaphutha okuqala kanye nokwehluleka kokufakwa kwezinto.

Ukuvikelwa kwe-Buchholz

I-Buchholz relay iyisisetshenziswa esikhethekile sokuvikela esifakwe kumapayipi phakathi kwethangi le-transformer nesilondolozi. Idizayinelwe ukuhlonza amaphutha okuqala njengokuqhekeka kwe-insulation, ukushisa ngokweqile, kanye nokuba khona komoya noma igesi ngaphakathi kukawoyela we-transformer. I-relay isebenza ngesimiso sokugeleza kwegesi namafutha ngenxa yephutha langaphakathi. Uma kwenzeka iphutha, igesi ikhiqizwa ngaphakathi kwethangi le-transformer, okubangela ukugeleza kukawoyela ukuhambisa ukuntanta ku-relay, okubuye kugibelise isiguquli. Ukuvikelwa kwe-Buchholz kusebenza kahle kakhulu ekutholeni amaphutha kuma-transformer acwiliswe uwoyela futhi kuyindlela engabizi kakhulu yokuvikela ukwehluleka okuyinhlekelele kwe-transformer.

Ukuvikelwa Kwamanje

Ukuvikelwa kwe-Overcurrent kuwuhlelo oluyisisekelo olusetshenziselwa ukuvikela ama-transformer ekulayishweni ngokweqile namasekhethi amafushane. Isebenza ngokuqapha ukugeleza kwamanje kuma-windings e-transformer futhi ikhube i-circuit breaker uma i-current idlula umkhawulo ochazwe ngaphambilini. Ukuvikela okudlulele kungenziwa kusetshenziswa amadivayisi ahlukahlukene, afana nokudluliswa kwe-overcurrent, ama-electronic relay, namasistimu okuvikela edijithali. Kubalulekile ukuvikela ama-transformer emonakalweni oshisayo obangelwa ukugcwala isikhathi eside kanye namaphutha e-short-circuit.

Ukuqapha Igesi Nezinga Lokushisa

Ukuqapha igesi kanye nezinga lokushisa kuyisici esibalulekile sokuvikela i-transformer, njengoba kunikeza isixwayiso sangaphambi kwesikhathi samaphutha angaphakathi kanye nokuwohloka kokufakwa kwezinto. Ukuqapha igesi kuhilela ukutholwa nokuhlaziywa kwamagesi akhiqizwe ngaphakathi kukawoyela we-transformer ngenxa ye-arcing, ukushisa ngokweqile, nokuqhekeka kwe-insulation. Amagesi anephutha avamile ahlanganisa i-methane, i-ethylene, ne-hydrogen, okuyinkomba yezinhlobo ezithile zamaphutha. Ukuqapha izinga lokushisa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwezinzwa ukukala izinga lokushisa le-transformer windings namafutha. Ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa okungavamile kungabonisa iphutha langaphakathi noma isimo sokugcwala ngokweqile, futhi kungasetshenziswa ukuqalisa izenzo zokuvikela ezifana nokumenyezelwa kwe-alamu noma ukukhubeka.

Ukuvikelwa Okuchichimayo

Ukuvikela okuchichimayo kuklanyelwe ukuvikela ama-transformer emazingeni aguquguqukayo kazibuthe ngokweqile angaholela ekugcwaleni okuyisisekelo kanye nokushisa ngokweqile. Ukugcwala ngokweqile kungenzeka ngesikhathi sokuphazamiseka kwesistimu, ukunikwa amandla ama-transformer angalayishiwe, noma ngaphansi kwezimo zamandla aphansi. Uhlelo lokuvikela ngokuvamile luhilela ukusetshenziswa kwe-overflux relay enikeziwe ekala amandla kagesi kanye namagagasi amanje kumatheminali e-transformer futhi igibelise isiguquli uma amazinga e-flux edlula imikhawulo evunyelwe. Ukuvikela ukugcwala ngokweqile kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukulimala okuyinhloko kanye nokuqinisekisa ukwethembeka kwesikhathi eside kwe-transformer.

Kafushane, izinhlelo zokuvikela i-transformer zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza okuphephile nokusebenza kahle kwama-transformer amandla. Ukuvikelwa okuhlukile, ukuvikelwa kwe-Buchholz, ukuvikelwa kwe-overcurrent, ukuqapha igesi nezinga lokushisa, nokuvikela ukugcwala ngokweqile kuyizibonelo ezimbalwa zezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo ezitholakalayo zokuvikela i-transformer. Uhlelo ngalunye lunezimiso zalo ezihlukile, amathuluzi, nezinhlelo zokusebenza, futhi lusebenza ndawonye ukuze lunikeze ukuvikeleka okuphelele ngokumelene nezimo ezihlukahlukene zamaphutha. Ngokusebenzisa izikimu zokuvikela ezifanele, izinsiza kanye nezinsiza zezimboni zinganciphisa ubungozi bokuhluleka kwama-transformer futhi zithuthukise ukuqina kwezinhlelo zazo zamandla.