Yiziphi izinhlobo ezintathu zokugcina amandla?

Ukugcinwa kwamandla kuyingxenye ebalulekile yezwe lanamuhla. Njengoba isidingo samandla siqhubeka sikhula, ukuthola izindlela ezisebenzayo zokugcina lawo mandla kubaluleka nakakhulu. Kunezinhlobo eziningana ezahlukene zezindlela zokugcina amandla, ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo ezihlukile kanye nokubi. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ezintathu zezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokugcina amandla futhi sihlole ukuthi zisebenza kanjani, zisetshenziswa kuphi, nokuthi ikusasa lingayiphatha kanjani ngayinye.

Amabhethri

Amabhethri mhlawumbe ayindlela eyaziwa kakhulu yokugcina amandla. Basebenza ngokugcina amandla kagesi ngendlela yamakhemikhali, angase akhululwe njengoba kudingeka. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zamabhethri, ngayinye yakhelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile. Isibonelo, amabhethri e-lead-acid avame ukusetshenziswa ezimotweni nakwezinye izimoto, kuyilapho amabhethri e-lithium-ion edumile kuma-electronics abathengi kanye nezimoto zikagesi.

Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zamabhethri amandla awo okugcina amandla isikhathi eside futhi awakhulule lapho edingeka. Lokhu kuzenza zilungele ukunika amandla amadivayisi kagesi, ukugcina amandla avela emithonjeni evuselelekayo, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngamandla ayisipele uma kwenzeka ukucima kukagesi. Nokho, amabhethri nawo anezinye izithiyo. Kungaba eqolo ukuzenza futhi kungalulaza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okunganciphisa ukusebenza kwazo kanye nempilo yazo. Ukwengeza, ezinye izinhlobo zamabhethri zingaba yingozi emvelweni uma zingalahlwanga kahle.

Naphezu kwalezi zinselele, ubuchwepheshe bebhethri buyaqhubeka buthuthuka, futhi intuthuko entsha yenziwa njalo. Abacwaningi basebenzela ukuthuthukisa izinto ezintsha nemiklamo engenza amabhethri ashibhe, aphephe, futhi asebenze kahle kakhudlwana. Ngenxa yalokho, amabhethri cishe azohlala eyingxenye ebalulekile yengqalasizinda yethu yokugcina amandla esikhathini esizayo esibonakalayo.

Ama-Flywheels

Ama-Flywheels angolunye uhlobo lwesistimu yokugcina amandla ethole ukunakwa eminyakeni yakamuva. Lawa madivaysi agcina amandla ngendlela yamandla e-kinetic ngokuphotha i-rotor ngesivinini esikhulu. Lapho amandla adingekayo, i-rotor inganciphisa, futhi amandla angakhishwa.

Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zama-flywheels yikhono lawo lokugcina nokukhulula amandla ngokushesha. Lokhu kuzenza zibe zilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho kudingeka khona ukusabela okusheshayo, njengokuzinzisa igridi kagesi phakathi nezinguquko ezingazelelwe ezidingekayo noma ukunikeza ukuqhuma okufushane kwamandla emishini yezimboni. Ukwengeza, ama-flywheels angaba nesikhathi eside sokuphila kunezinye izinhlobo eziningi zokugcina amandla, njengoba engohlisi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngendlela efanayo namabhethri enza ngayo.

Nokho, ama-flywheels nawo anemikhawulo ethile. Angakwazi ukusebenza kahle kunezinye izinhlobo zokugcina amandla, futhi adinga i-vacuum noma ezinye izindlela zokunciphisa ukumelana komoya ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahleka kwamandla ngenxa yokungqubuzana. Ukwengeza, ama-flywheel angabiza ukuwenza nokuyinakekela, okunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwawo okusabalele.

Ngaphandle kwalezi zinselelo, ama-flywheels anamandla okudlala indima ebalulekile engqalasizinda yethu yokugcina amandla. Abacwaningi basebenzela imiklamo emisha engase ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwayo futhi inciphise izindleko zayo, ibenze ikhange kakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza. Ngenxa yalokho, ama-flywheels kungenzeka abe ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yekhithi yethu yamathuluzi okugcina amandla eminyakeni ezayo.

I-Pumped Hydro

I-Pumped hydro mhlawumbe iyindlela endala futhi esungulwe kahle kakhulu yokugcina amandla esikali segridi. Isebenza ngokusebenzisa amandla engeziwe ukumpompa amanzi ukusuka edamini eliphansi ukuya kwelinye eliphakeme. Lapho amandla edingeka, amanzi angadedelwa abuyele endaweni engaphansi, ama-turbines aphendulela futhi akhiqize ugesi kule nqubo.

Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko ze-hydro pumped yikhono layo lokugcina amandla amakhulu isikhathi eside. Lokhu kuyenza ifaneleke kahle ukulinganisa ukuphakelwa kanye nesidingo sikagesi kugridi, njengoba ingagcina amandla engeziwe ngezikhathi zesidingo esiphansi futhi iwakhulule lapho isidingo siphezulu. Ukwengeza, i-hydro pumped ingaba eshibhile futhi iphila isikhathi eside, iyenze ibe inketho ekhangayo ezinsizeni eziningi.

Kodwa-ke, i-hydro pumped nayo inokulinganiselwa okuthile. Idinga izici ezithile zendawo, njengokufinyelela emanzini amakhulu kanye nomehluko omkhulu wokuphakama, okungakhawulela ukusebenza kwawo ezifundeni ezithile. Ukwengeza, ukwakha izindawo ezintsha ezimpontshwa amanzi kungabiza futhi kudle isikhathi, okungenza kube inselele ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwazo.

Ngaphandle kwalezi zinselelo, i-hydro pumped isalokhu iyingxenye ebalulekile yengqalasizinda yethu yokugcina ugesi. Abacwaningi bahlola izindlela ezintsha zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwayo nokunciphisa umthelela wayo kwezemvelo, njengokwenza imiklamo emisha yama-turbine kanye nokuhlola ezinye izindlela zokugcina amandla. Ngenxa yalokho, i-hydro pumped cishe izohlala iyithuluzi elibalulekile lokulawula ukuphakelwa kanye nesidingo sikagesi iminyaka eminingi ezayo.

Kafushane, kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zezinhlelo zokugcina amandla, ngayinye enezinzuzo zayo ezihlukile kanye nokubi. Amabhethri ahlukahlukene futhi angagcina amandla amakhulu isikhathi eside, kuyilapho ama-flywheels anganikeza impendulo esheshayo futhi abe nempilo ende. I-Pumped hydro, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingagcina amanani amakhulu wamandla futhi ifaneleka kahle ukulinganisa ukuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo sikagesi kugridi.

Njengoba izidingo zethu zamandla ziqhubeka zikhula, ukuthola izindlela ezisebenzayo zokugcina nokuphatha lawo mandla kuzoba okubaluleke kakhulu. Ngenhlanhla, abacwaningi basebenzela ubuchwepheshe obusha nemiklamo engenza isitoreji samandla sisebenze kahle, sithengeke, futhi sizinze. Ngokuqhubeka nokutshala izimali kule ntuthuko, singaqinisekisa ukuthi ingqalasizinda yethu yokugcina amandla ihlomele kahle ukubhekana nezinselele zesikhathi esizayo.