A transformer core is a static device that provides a channel for magnetic flux to flow in a transformer. The core is constructed using thin strips of silicone steel. The silicon steel sheets are electrically isolated and coupled to reduce no-load losses in the transformer.The core of a transformer is made of soft iron. Transformers are used in various fields like power generation grid, distribution sector, transmission, and electric energy consumption.
The transformer core provides a magnetic path to channel flux. The use of highly permeable material (which describes the material's ability to carry flux), as well as better core construction techniques, helps provide a desirable, low reluctance flux path and confine lines of flux to the core.
As a result of mutual inductance, a transformer produces a transformed voltage or current when the magnetic flux produced by one winding (primary winding) links with another winding (secondary winding). There is a magnetic coupling between these two windings, and they are electrically isolated.
In addition, magnetic reluctance is also known as opposition to magnetic flux flow. If, for example, the magnetic flux produced by a primary winding passes through air or any nonferrous material in order to reach a secondary winding in a transformer, it would result in a reduction in magnetic flux. Due to the high reluctance of air or nonferrous materials, it will reduce magnetic flux.
The loss in magnetic flux in the transformer must therefore be minimized by providing a suitable mean between the primary and secondary windings. For this purpose, silicon steel magnetic cores are usually used. By using a core type transformer, magnetic losses are reduced and a greater amount of magnetic flux is conveyed between the primary and secondary coils, thereby increasing the transformer's overall efficiency.