Yeyiphi eyona nkqubo ilungileyo yokugcina amandla?

Ukuvelisa inqaku. Ugqibile!

Xa kuziwa ekugcinweni kwamandla, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo, nganye inesethi yayo yeenzuzo kunye nokungonakali. Ukusuka kwiibhetri zemveli ukuya kwiiteknoloji eziphambili ezifana nokugcinwa kwe-hydro emponthiweyo, ukukhangela eyona nkqubo yokugcina amandla iyaqhubeka. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga ezinye zezona nkqubo zidumileyo zokugcina amandla, amandla azo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo.

Indima yoGcino lwaMandla

Ugcino lwamandla ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zamandla zala maxesha, lwenza umanyano oluthembekileyo nolusebenzayo lwemithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo efana namandla elanga nawomoya. Ngokwemveli, ugcino lwamandla lusetyenziselwe ukulungelelanisa ukubonelela kunye nemfuno kunye nokubonelela ngombane ogciniweyo ngexesha lokucima. Nangona kunjalo, ngokunyuka kokungena kwemithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo, imfuno yokugcina amandla ikhule kakhulu. Iinkqubo zogcino lwamandla zinganceda ukugudisa ukuguquguquka kokuveliswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo kwaye zibonelele ngobonelelo lwamandla oluzinzileyo xa ilanga lingakhanyi okanye umoya ungavuthi.

Ugcino lwamandla lukwadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekufakeni umbane kwezothutho, okwenza ukuba ukwamkelwa ngokubanzi kwezithuthi zombane kunye nokunciphisa ukuthembela kumafutha efosili. Njengoko imfuno yemithombo yamandla ecocekileyo kunye nezinzileyo iqhubeka nokunyuka, ukufumana eyona nkqubo yogcino lwamandla kubaluleke kakhulu kwinguqu kwikamva lamandla elizinzileyo.

Iinkqubo zokuGcina ibhetri

Iisistim zokugcinwa kwebhetri zezona zisasazwe ngokubanzi kwitekhnoloji yokugcina amandla ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ngenxa yeendleko zazo eziphantsi, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokuguquguquka. Iibhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona, ezifana ne-lithium-ion, i-lead-acid, kunye neebhetri zokuhamba, ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwigridi-scale kunye nokusabalalisa izicelo zokugcina amandla.

Iibhetri ze-lithium-ion, ngokukodwa, zibone inkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngenxa yoxinano lwazo oluphezulu kunye nokuncipha kweendleko. Ezi bhetri zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizithuthi zombane kunye neenkqubo zokugcina amandla okuhlala. Nangona kunjalo, iinkxalabo malunga nokunqongophala kwezinto, ukhuseleko, kunye nobomi bomjikelo obunqamlekileyo buphakamise imibuzo malunga nokuzinza kwexesha elide leebhetri ze-lithium-ion.

Iibhetri ze-lead-asidi, kwelinye icala, zibe yiteknoloji yokugcina amandla amashumi eminyaka, ngenxa yokuthembeka kwazo kunye neendleko eziphantsi. Ezi bhetri ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zamandla ezigcinayo kunye nosetyenziso lwe-off-grid. Nangona kunjalo, ukuxinana kwabo kwamandla aphantsi kunye nobomi bomjikelo obulinganiselweyo bubenza bangalungeli izisombululo zokugcina amandla ixesha elide.

Iibhetri ezihambayo, ezifana ne-vanadium redox kunye neebhetri ze-zinc-bromine, yenye iteknoloji yokugcina amandla ethembisayo enikezela nge-scalability ephezulu kunye nobomi bomjikelezo omde. Ezi bhetri zisebenzisa i-electrolyte engamanzi ukugcina amandla, okwenza ukuba afaneleke kwizicelo zokugcina ixesha elide. Nangona kunjalo, ukuxinana kwabo kwamandla aphantsi kunye noyilo oluntsokothileyo lwenkqubo luthintele ukwamkelwa kwabo ngokubanzi.

UGcino lwe-Hydro olumpompelweyo

Ugcino lwe-hydro olumponthiweyo yenye yezona zinto zindala kunye nezona teknoloji ziqinisekisiweyo zokugcina amandla, kunye nofakelo olukhulu kwihlabathi jikelele. Le nkqubo isebenzisa amandla angaphezulu ukumpompa amanzi ukusuka kumgangatho osezantsi ukuya kwidama eliphezulu ngexesha lemfuno ephantsi. Xa amandla efuneka, amanzi akhululwa abuyele kwidama elisezantsi ngee turbines, avelisa umbane.

Ukugcinwa kwe-hydro emponthiweyo kunika ukusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu, ubomi bomjikelezo omde, kunye nokukwazi ukugcina amandla ixesha elide. Kwakhona iteknoloji evuthiweyo enerekhodi eqinisekisiweyo yokuthembeka kunye nokusebenza. Nangona kunjalo, iindleko eziphezulu zangaphambili, ukufumaneka okunqongopheleyo kweziza ezifanelekileyo, kunye neempembelelo zokusingqongileyo zithintele ukusasazwa okubanzi kogcino lokumpontshwa kwamanzi.

Nangona kukho imingeni, ugcino lwe-hydro olumponthiweyo luhlala luyi-asethi exabisekileyo yokuzinza kwegridi kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo, ngakumbi kwimimandla enemithombo yamanzi amaninzi kunye nokwahluka okukhulu kwimfuno yamandla.

Ugcino lwaMandla oMoya oQinisekileyo

Ugcino lwamandla omoya ocinezelweyo (CAES) bubuchwephesha obuthembisayo bokugcina amandla obusebenzisa umbane ogqithileyo ukucinezela umoya kwaye uwugcine kwimiqolomba engaphantsi komhlaba okanye kwiinqanawa ezinoxinzelelo. Xa kufuneka amandla, umoya ocinezelweyo uyakhululwa kwaye wandise ngee turbines ukuvelisa umbane.

I-CAES inikezela nge-scalability ephezulu, ubomi bomjikelezo omde, kunye nokukwazi ukugcina ixabiso eliphantsi lexesha elide. Isenokuthi idityaniswe neziseko ezingundoqo zerhasi esele zikho, ezifana nemibhobho yerhasi yendalo, ukomeleza ukuguquguquka nokomelela kwenkqubo yamandla. Nangona kunjalo, imfuno yokwakheka kwejoloji efanelekileyo, ilahleko yamandla ngexesha loxinzelelo kunye nokwandiswa, kunye neenkxalabo zokusingqongileyo ziye zabeka imingeni ekwamkelweni okubanzi kwe-CAES.

Ukuqhubela phambili kwi-isothermal kunye ne-adiabatic iteknoloji ye-CAES ijolise ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nefuthe lokusingqongileyo lokugcinwa kwamandla omoya ocinezelekileyo, okwenza kube yinto ekhangayo ngakumbi kwizicelo zokugcinwa kwamandla amakhulu.

IiNkqubo zokuGcina iHydrojeni

I-Hydrogen ifumene ingqwalasela njengento yokuthwala amandla kunye nendawo yokugcina ixesha elide kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla aphezulu. Iinkqubo zokugcina iHydrojeni zisebenzisa umbane othe chatha ukwenza i-electrolyze amanzi kwaye ivelise i-hydrogen, enokugcinwa kwaye kamva iguqulwe ibuyele kumbane ngeeseli zamafutha okanye iinjini zokutsha.

I-Hydrogen inika amandla amaninzi aphezulu, amandla okugcina ixesha elide, kunye nokuguquguquka okuza kusetyenziswa kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukuthutha, iinkqubo zemizi-mveliso, kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla. Isenokusebenza njengendlela yokugcina nokuthutha amandla ahlaziyekayo kumgama omde, ukoyisa imingeni yokuguquguquka kommandla kunye nokuxinana kweegridi.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuveliswa, ukugcinwa, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-hydrogen kunika imingeni yobugcisa kunye nezoqoqosho, kubandakanya ukulahleka kwamandla ngexesha le-electrolysis, i-hydrogen embrittlement, kunye neendleko zeziseko. Nangona le mingeni, iinkqubo zokugcina i-hydrogen zibambe amandla amakhulu okuxhasa utshintsho kwinkqubo yamandla ekhabhoni ephantsi kunye negalelo ekukhuseleni amandla kunye nokomelela.

Ukuqukumbela

Ukuqukumbela, ukukhangela eyona nkqubo ilungileyo yokugcina amandla iyaqhubeka nokuvela njengoko imfuno yezisombululo zamandla acocekileyo nezizinzileyo ikhula. Iibhetri, ukugcinwa kwe-hydro pumped, ukugcinwa kwamandla omoya ocinezelweyo, kunye neenkqubo zokugcina i-hydrogen zonke zibonelela ngezakhono ezizodwa kwaye zinokudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuhlanganiseni imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo, ukuqinisa ukuzinza kwegridi, kunye nokuxhasa ukufakelwa kombane kwezothutho.

Inkqubo nganye yokugcina amandla ineenzuzo kunye nokulinganiselwa kwayo, kwaye ukhetho lweyona nkqubo ingcono ixhomekeke kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa iindleko, ukulinganisa, ukusebenza kakuhle, impembelelo yokusingqongileyo kunye nezicelo ezithile. Njengoko itekhnoloji iqhubela phambili kwaye imfuno yokugcina amandla ikhula, kubalulekile ukuphonononga kunye nokuphuhlisa uluhlu lwetekhnoloji yogcino lwamandla ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zenkangeleko yamandla eguquka ngokukhawuleza.