Iluphi uhlelo olungcono kakhulu lokugcina amandla?

Ikhiqiza isihloko. Kwenziwe!

Uma kuziwa ekugcineni amandla, kunezinketho ezihlukahlukene ezitholakalayo, ngayinye enesethi yayo yezinzuzo kanye nokubi. Kusukela kumabhethri endabuko kuya kubuchwepheshe obuthuthukile njengokugcinwa kwamanzi ampontshwayo, ukusesha isistimu yokulondoloza amandla ehamba phambili kuyaqhubeka. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola amanye amasistimu okugcina amandla adume kakhulu, amakhono awo, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingaba khona.

Iqhaza Lesitoreji Samandla

Ukugcinwa kwamandla kudlala indima ebalulekile ezinhlelweni zamandla zesimanje, okuvumela ukuhlanganiswa okuthembekile nokusebenza kahle kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo njengamandla elanga nawomoya. Ngokwesiko, ukugcinwa kwamandla bekusetshenziselwa ukulinganisa ukunikezwa kanye nesidingo kanye nokuhlinzeka amandla ayisipele ngesikhathi sokucima. Kodwa-ke, ngokungena okwandayo kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo ngezikhathi ezithile, isidingo sokugcinwa kwamandla sikhule kakhulu. Amasistimu okugcina amandla angasiza ekulungiseni ukuhlukahluka kokukhiqizwa kwamandla avuselelekayo futhi anikeze ukuhlinzekwa kwamandla okuzinzile lapho ilanga lingashisi noma umoya ungavunguzi.

Ukugcinwa kwamandla nakho kudlala indima ebalulekile ekufakweni kukagesi kwezokuthutha, okuvumela ukwamukelwa kabanzi kwezimoto zikagesi kanye nokunciphisa ukuthembela kumafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi. Njengoba isidingo semithombo yamandla ahlanzekile nesimeme sikhula, ukuthola uhlelo olungcono kakhulu lokugcina amandla kuba semqoka ekushintsheleni ekubeni nekusasa lamandla elizinzile.

Amasistimu Wokugcina Ibhethri

Amasistimu okugcina amabhethri abe ubuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla obusatshalaliswe kakhulu kuze kube manje, ngenxa yezindleko zabo eziphansi, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, kanye nokuvumelana nezimo. Amabhethri aphinde ashajwe, njenge-lithium-ion, i-lead-acid, namabhethri agelezayo, avame ukusetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza zokugcina amandla esikalini nesabalalisiwe.

Amabhethri e-lithium-ion, ikakhulukazi, abone intuthuko enkulu eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngenxa yokuminyana kwawo okuphezulu kanye nokwehla kwezindleko. Lawa mabhethri asetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni zikagesi nasezinhlelweni zokugcina amandla okuhlala. Kodwa-ke, ukukhathazeka mayelana nokushoda kwezinto, ukuphepha, kanye nempilo yomjikelezo olinganiselwe kuphakamise imibuzo mayelana nokusimama kwesikhathi eside kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amabhethri e-lead-acid, abengubuchwepheshe obuvelele bokugcina amandla amashumi eminyaka, ngenxa yokuthembeka kwawo kanye nezindleko eziphansi. Lawa mabhethri ajwayele ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zamandla eziyisipele kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingaphandle kwegridi. Kodwa-ke, ukuminyana kwazo okuphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nempilo yomjikelezo olinganiselwe kubenza bangakufanelekeli izixazululo zesikhathi eside zokugcina amandla.

Amabhethri agelezayo, afana namabhethri e-vanadium redox kanye ne-zinc-bromine, angobunye ubuchwepheshe obuthembisayo bokugcina amandla obunikeza ukuqina okuphezulu nempilo yomjikelezo omude. Lawa mabhethri asebenzisa ama-electrolyte awuketshezi ukuze agcine amandla, awenze afanelekele izinhlelo zokusebenza zokugcina isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, ukuminyana kwazo okuphansi kwamandla kanye nokwakheka kwesistimu eyinkimbinkimbi kuvimbele ukutholwa kwazo okusabalele.

I-Pumped Hydro Storage

Ukugcinwa kwamanzi ampompayo kungenye yobuchwepheshe obudala futhi obufakazelwe kakhulu bokugcina amandla, obunokufakwa ngezinga elikhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Lolu hlelo lusebenzisa amandla anqwabelene ukumpompa amanzi ukusuka edamini eliphansi ukuya endaweni yokugcina amanzi ngesikhathi sesidingo esiphansi. Lapho amandla edingeka, amanzi adedelwa abuyiselwe endaweni engaphansi ngama-turbines, aphehla ugesi.

Ukugcinwa kwamanzi ampompayo kunikeza ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, impilo yomjikelezo omude, kanye nekhono lokugcina amandla isikhathi eside. Kuphinde kube ubuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe obunomlando ofakazelwe wokuthembeka nokusebenza. Kodwa-ke, izindleko eziphezulu zangaphambili, ukutholakala okulinganiselwe kwezindawo ezifanele, kanye nomthelela emvelweni kukhawulele ukusatshalaliswa okubanzi kwendawo yokugcina amanzi ampontshwayo.

Naphezu kwezinselelo zakho, ukugcinwa kwamanzi okumpontshwa kuseyinto ebalulekile yokuzinza kwegridi kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezinemithombo yamanzi amaningi kanye nokwehluka okukhulu kwesidingo samandla.

Isitoreji Samandla Omoya Acindezelwe

Isitoreji samandla omoya ocindezelwe (i-CAES) siwubuchwepheshe obuthembisayo bokugcina amandla obusebenzisa ugesi owandile ukuze ucindezele umoya futhi uwugcine emigedeni engaphansi komhlaba noma emikhunjini enomfutho. Lapho amandla edingeka, umoya ocindezelwe uyakhululwa futhi unwetshwe ngama-turbines ukuze ukhiqize ugesi.

I-CAES inikeza ukukala okuphezulu, impilo yomjikelezo omude, kanye namandla okugcina izindleko eziphansi zesikhathi eside. Ingase futhi ihlanganiswe nengqalasizinda yegesi ekhona, njengamapayipi egesi yemvelo, ukuthuthukisa ukuguquguquka nokusimama kwesistimu yamandla. Kodwa-ke, isidingo sokwakheka okufanelekile kwe-geological, ukulahleka kwamandla ngesikhathi sokucindezelwa nokwanda, kanye nokukhathazeka kwemvelo kuye kwaba nezinselele ekwamukelweni okubanzi kwe-CAES.

Intuthuko kubuchwepheshe be-CAES be-isothermal kanye ne-adiabatic ihlose ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nomthelela wemvelo wokugcinwa kwamandla omoya ocindezelweyo, okwenza kube inketho ekhangayo yezinhlelo zokusebenza zokugcina amandla amakhulu.

I-Hydrogen Storage Systems

I-Hydrogen isithole ukunakwa njengento engaba ukuthwala amandla kanye nendawo yokugcina amandla isikhathi eside kanye nokugcinwa kwamandla aphezulu. Amasistimu okugcina i-hydrogen asebenzisa ugesi osele ukuze afake amanzi ngogesi futhi akhiqize i-hydrogen, engagcinwa bese kamuva iguqulelwe kugesi ngamaseli kaphethiloli noma izinjini ezivuthayo.

I-Hydrogen inikeza ukuminyana okukhulu kwamandla, amandla okugcina isikhathi eside, kanye nokuvumelana nezimo okufanele kusetshenziswe ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ezokuthutha, izinqubo zezimboni, kanye nokukhiqizwa kukagesi. Kungase futhi kube yindlela yokugcina kanye nokuthutha amandla avuselelekayo emabangeni amade, ukunqoba izinselele zokuhlukahluka kwesifunda kanye nokuminyana kwegridi.

Kodwa-ke, ukukhiqizwa, ukugcinwa, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-hydrogen kuveza izinselelo zobuchwepheshe nezomnotho, okuhlanganisa ukulahleka kwamandla ngesikhathi sokwenziwa kwe-electrolysis, i-hydrogen embrittlement, kanye nezindleko zengqalasizinda. Naphezu kwalezi zinselele, amasistimu okugcina i-hydrogen anamandla amakhulu okusekela ukushintshela ohlelweni lwamandla ekhabhoni ephansi futhi afake isandla ekuvikelekeni kwamandla nasekuqiniseni amandla.

Isiphetho

Sengiphetha, ukufuna uhlelo olungcono kakhulu lokugcina amandla kuyaqhubeka nokuvela njengoba kukhula isidingo sezixazululo zamandla ahlanzekile nezisimeme. Amabhethri, ukugcinwa kwamanzi ampontshwayo, ukugcinwa kwamandla omoya acindezelwe, kanye nezinhlelo zokugcina i-hydrogen konke kunikeza amakhono ayingqayizivele futhi angadlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlanganiseni imithombo yamandla evuselelekayo, ethuthukisa ukuzinza kwegridi, kanye nokusekela ukufakwa kukagesi kwezokuthutha.

Isistimu ngayinye yokugcina amandla inezinzuzo zayo kanye nemikhawulo, futhi ukukhethwa kwesistimu engcono kakhulu kuncike ezintweni ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa izindleko, ukukala, ukusebenza kahle, umthelela wendawo, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuthuthuka nesidingo sokugcinwa kwamandla sikhula, kubalulekile ukuhlola nokuthuthukisa uhla oluhlukahlukene lobuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zendawo yamandla eshintsha ngokushesha.