UCanwin yiNkampani yeNkampani yoTshintsho lwaMandla kunye noMvelisi woMbane woMbane
Ulwimi
UCanwin yiNkampani yeNkampani yoTshintsho lwaMandla kunye noMvelisi woMbane woMbane
1. Yintoni i-transformer?
Kwisekethe ye-AC, isixhobo esonyusa okanye esinciphisa amandla ombane sibizwa ngokuba yi-transformer. I-transformer inokuguqula naliphi na ixabiso le-voltage kwixabiso lombane esilidingayo kunye ne-frequency efanayo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuhanjiswa kwamandla ombane, ukuhanjiswa kunye nokusetyenziswa.
Umzekelo, umbane osuka kwiplanti yombane unomgangatho wamandla ombane ophantsi, kwaye amandla ombane kufuneka anyuswe ngaphambi kokuba ahanjiswe kwindawo ekude yokusetyenziswa kwamandla. Indawo yokusetyenziswa kwamandla kufuneka incitshiswe ukuya kwinqanaba lamandla ombane afanelekileyo ukubonelela ngezixhobo zombane kunye nombane wemihla ngemihla. Izixhobo.
2. I-transformer iguqula njani i-voltage?
Iinguqu zenziwa ngokusekwe kwi-electromagnetic induction. Iqulathe intsimbi engundoqo epakishwe ngamashiti ensimbi ye-silicon (okanye amacwecwe ensimbi ye-silicon) kunye neeseti ezimbini zeekhoyili eziboshwe kumbindi wentsimbi. Undoqo wentsimbi kunye neekhoyili zikhuselwe omnye komnye ngaphandle konxibelelwano lombane.
Ikhoyili edibanisa i-transformer kunye necala lokubonelela ngamandla libizwa ngokuba yi-coil yokuqala (okanye icala eliphambili), kunye nekhoyili edibanisa i-transformer kunye nezixhobo zombane kuthiwa yi-coil yesibini (okanye icala lesibini). Xa i-coil ephambili ye-transformer ixhunywe kumthombo wamandla we-AC, ukutshintsha imigca yamagnetic yamandla yenziwa kwintsimbi yentsimbi.
Ekubeni i-coil yesibini inxeba kwi-core yentsimbi efanayo, umgca wamagnetic wamandla unqumla i-coil yesibini, kwaye i-electromotive force eyenziweyo kufuneka iveliswe kwikhoyili yesibini, ibangela ukuba i-voltage ibonakale kuzo zombini iziphelo zekhoyili. Ngenxa yokuba imigca yemagnethi iyatshintshana, i-voltage yecoil yesibini nayo iyatshintshana. Kwaye i-frequency ifana ncam ne-frequency mains.
Kuye kwaqinisekiswa ngethiyori ukuba umlinganiselo wombane phakathi kwekhoyili ephambili kunye neyesibini ye-coil ye-transformer inxulumene nomlinganiselo wokujika we-coil yokuqala kunye ne-coil yesibini, enokuthi ibonakaliswe ngale fomyula ilandelayo: i-coil yokuqala yombane / eyesibini. I-coil voltage = i-coil yokuqala iyajika / i-coil yesibini iyajika. Cacisa ukuba okukhona ukujika, kokukhona umbane uphezulu. Ngoko ke, kunokubonwa ukuba i-coil yesibini ingaphantsi kwe-coil yokuqala, eyi-transformer-down-down. Okuchaseneyo yi-transformer ye-step-up.
3. Ziziphi iintlobo zoyilo lwe-transformer ezikhoyo?
(1) Ngokwenani lezigaba, kukho i-single-phase kunye ne-third phase transformers.
(2) Ngokwenjongo, kukho iziguquli zamandla, iziguquli zamandla ezikhethekileyo, i-voltage elawula i-voltage, i-transformers yokulinganisa (i-voltage transformers, i-transformers yangoku), i-transformer yamandla amancinci (kwizixhobo eziphantsi kwamandla), kunye neziguquli zokhuseleko.
(3) Ngokwesakhiwo, kukho iindidi ezimbini: uhlobo olungundoqo kunye nohlobo lweqokobhe. Iikhoyili zine-double-winding kunye ne-multi-winding, i-autotransformers.
(4) Ngokwendlela yokupholisa, kukho ukucwiliswa kweoli kunye ne-air-cooled.
4. Ngawaphi amacandelo e-transformer?
Amacandelo e-Transformer ikakhulu aqulunqwe ngeentsimbi zentsimbi kunye neekhoyili, ukongeza kwiitanki yeoli, imithwalo yeoli, imikhono ekhuselayo kunye neentloko zempompo.
5. Yintoni ukusetyenziswa kweoli ye-transformer?
(1) Impembelelo ye-insulation;
(2) ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu;
(3) Ukuphelisa umphumo we-arc.
6. Yintoni i-autotransformer?
I-autotransformer inesethi enye yeekhoyili, kwaye i-coil yesibini ifakwe kwi-coil yokuqala. Ukongeza kukuhanjiswa kwe-electromagnetic induction, icoil yesibini ikwahambisa umbane. Le transformer inamaphepha amaninzi e-silicon kunye neengcingo zobhedu kuneziguquli eziqhelekileyo. Incinci, ihlala isetyenziselwa ukulungisa amandla ombane.
7. I-voltage regulator ihlengahlengiswa njani?
Ubume be-voltage regulator bufana ne-autotransformer, kodwa i-iron core yenziwe kwi-coil ye-toroidal kunye nenxeba malunga ne-toroidal iron core.
Itephu yesibini yekhoyili isebenzisa unxibelelwano lwebrashi etyibilikayo ukwenza isilayidi soqhagamshelwano rhoqo ngonyaka ecaleni komphezulu wekhoyili ukufikelela kulawulo olugudileyo lombane.
8. Yintoni ubudlelwane obukhoyo phakathi kwekhoyili ephambili kunye nesibini sesibini se-transformer?
Xa i-transformer isebenza kunye nomthwalo, ukutshintshwa kwe-coil yesibini yangoku kuya kubangela ukuba utshintsho oluhambelanayo lwekhoyili yokuqala. Ngokomgaqo we-magnetic balance balance, i-current ye-coil yokuqala kunye neyesibini ihambelana ngokungafaniyo nenani lokujika kweekhoyili. Icala elineenguqu ezininzi linomsinga omncinci, kwaye icala elinokuguqulwa okumbalwa linomsinga omkhulu.
Inokubonakaliswa ngale fomyula ilandelayo: i-coil yokuqala yangoku / i-coil yesibini yangoku = i-coil yesibini iyajika / i-coil yokuqala iyajika.
9. Yintoni isantya sokutshintsha kombane we-transformer?
Izinga lokutshintsha kombane wolawulo lwe-voltage sesinye sezibonakaliso eziphambili zokusebenza kwe-transformer. Xa i-transformer inika amandla kumthwalo, i-voltage ekupheleni komthwalo we-transformer iya kuhla ngokuqinisekileyo. Thelekisa ixabiso le-voltage eyehlayo kunye nexabiso le-voltage elinganisiweyo, kwaye uthathe ipesenti, oko kukuthi, izinga lokutshintsha kombane.
Inokubonakaliswa ngefomula: ireyithi yokutshintsha kwamandla ombane =[(i-voltage elinganiswe okwesibini yombane we-terminal)/inqanaba lombane lesibini] × 100%. Xa i-transformer yamandla eqhelekileyo ixhunyiwe kumthwalo olinganisiweyo, izinga lokutshintsha kombane li-4 ukuya kwi-6%.
10. Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuba i-transformer ine-voltage ye-voltage elinganisiweyo?
Umbane ophezulu kakhulu okanye ophantsi kakhulu uya kuchaphazela ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kunye nobomi benkonzo ye-transformer, ngoko ke i-voltage kufuneka ilungiswe.
Indlela yokulawula i-voltage kukukhokela iimpompo ezininzi kwikhoyili ephambili kwaye uzidibanise nentloko yempompo. Intloko yempompo itshintsha inani lokujika kwekhoyili ngokujikelezisa abafowunelwa. Ngethuba nje indawo yokutshintsha itephu iguqulwa, ixabiso elilinganisiweyo lombane elifunekayo linokufumaneka. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukulawulwa kwe-voltage kufuneka kuqhutywe ngokuqhelekileyo emva kokuqhawula umthwalo oxhunywe kwi-transformer.
11. Ziziphi ii-transformer ezincinci eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswayo? Zisetyenziswa phi?
Abaguquli abancinci babhekisela kwiinguqu zesigaba esisodwa ezinomthamo ongaphantsi kwe-1 kVA, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu njengeziguquli zamandla okulawula izixhobo zombane, iziguquli zamandla zezixhobo zombane kunye neziguquli zamandla zokukhanyisa ukhuseleko.
12. Ziziphi iilahleko ze-transformer ngexesha lokusebenza? Indlela yokunciphisa ilahleko?
Ilahleko ekusebenzeni kwe-transformer ibandakanya iinxalenye ezimbini:
(1) kubangelwa ngumbindi wentsimbi. Xa i-coil inikwe amandla, ngenxa yemigca yemagnethi etshintshanayo, i-eddy current kunye nelahleko ye-hysteresis kwi-iron core ibangelwa, edibeneyo ebizwa ngokuba yilahleko yentsimbi.
(2) Kubangelwa ukuchasana kwekhoyili ngokwayo. Xa kukho ukudlula ngoku kwi-coil yokuqala kunye ne-coil yesibini ye-transformer, ukulahlekelwa kwamandla kuya kwenzeka, kwaye le lahleko ibizwa ngokuba yilahleko yethusi.
Isixa selahleko yentsimbi kunye nelahleko yobhedu yilahleko ye-transformer, kwaye ezi lahleko zihambelana nomthamo we-transformer, i-voltage kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo. Ngoko ke, xa ukhetha i-transformer, umthamo wesixhobo kufuneka uhambelane nokusetyenziswa kwangempela kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuphucula izinga lokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, kwaye uqaphele ukuba ungaqhubeki i-transformer phantsi komthwalo wokukhanya.
13. Yintoni ipleyiti yegama lesiguquleli? Zeziphi ezona datha ziphambili zobugcisa kwi-nameplate?
I-nameplate ye-transformer ibonisa ukusebenza, ukucaciswa kobugcisa kunye nezihlandlo zokusetyenziswa kwe-transformer, kwaye isetyenziselwa ukuhlangabezana nokukhethwa komsebenzisi. Ngokwesiqhelo, ezona datha ziphambili zobugcisa ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe zezi:
(1) I-KVA yomthamo olinganisiweyo. Oko kukuthi, umthamo wemveliso we-transformer kwisimo esilinganisiweyo. Ezifana nesigaba esisodwa se-transformer esilinganiswe umthamo = Umgca we-U × I umgca; umthamo wenguqu yesigaba sesithathu = Umgca we-U × I umgca.
(2) I-voltage elinganisiweyo kwiivolthi. I-voltage ye-terminal ye-coil yokuqala kunye ne-terminal voltage ye-coil yesibini (xa ingaxhunywanga kumthwalo) iphawulwe ngokulandelanayo. Qaphela ukuba i-voltage ye-terminal ye-transformer yesigaba sesithathu ibhekisela kwixabiso lomgca we-U.
(3) Ireyithingi ye-amperage yangoku. Ibhekisa kumgca wexabiso lelayini langoku elivunyelwe ukuba lidlule kwikhoyili ephambili kunye nekhoyili yesibini ixesha elide phantsi kweemeko zomthamo olinganisiweyo kunye nokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa elivumelekileyo.
(4) Umlinganiselo wombane. Ibhekisa kumlinganiselo wombane olinganisiweyo wekhoyili yokuqala ukuya kumbane olinganisiweyo wekhoyili yesibini.
(5) Indlela yocingo. Iziguquli zesigaba esinye zineseti enye kuphela ye-coil ephezulu kunye nesezantsi, ezifumaneka kuphela ukusetyenziswa kwesigaba esisodwa, ngelixa i-athithi-phase transformers inohlobo lwe-Y / △. Ukongeza kule datha yobugcisa engentla, kukho i-frequency elinganisiweyo ye-transformer, inani lezigaba, ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa, ipesenti ye-impedance ye-transformer, njl.
14. Indlela yokukhetha i-transformer? Indlela yokumisela umthamo ofanelekileyo we-transformer?
Okokuqala, kuyimfuneko ukuphanda amandla ombane wendawo apho umbane usetyenziswa khona, owona mthwalo wombane womsebenzisi kunye neemeko zendawo, kwaye emva koko ukhethe nganye nganye ngokwedatha yobugcisa ebonakaliswe ipleyiti yegama lesiguquli. Ngokubanzi, umthamo, amandla ombane, iimeko zangoku kunye nezokusingqongileyo ze-transformer kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokubanzi. Phakathi kwabo, umthamo kufuneka ukhethwe. Umthamo we-transformer kufuneka ukhethwe ngokuhambelana nomthamo, indalo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwexesha lesixhobo sombane somsebenzisi ukugqiba umthwalo ofunekayo.
Ngethuba lokusebenza okuqhelekileyo, umthwalo wamandla we-transformer kufuneka ube malunga ne-75-90% yomthamo olinganisiweyo we-transformer. Ngethuba lokusebenza, ukuba kulinganiswa ukuba umthwalo wangempela we-transformer ungaphantsi kwe-50%, i-transformer encinci kufuneka ithathelwe indawo. Ukuba umthamo olinganisiweyo we-transformer mkhulu kunomthamo olinganisiweyo we-transformer, i-transformer enkulu kufuneka itshintshwe ngokukhawuleza.
Ngexesha elifanayo, xa ukhetha i-transformer, ixabiso le-voltage ye-coil ephambili ye-transformer inqunywe ngokuhambelana nombane wombane, kwaye ixabiso le-voltage ye-coil yesibini ikhethwe ngokwezixhobo zombane. Kungcono ukhethe i-low-voltage yesigaba sesithathu sonikezelo lwamandla ombane. Oku kunokubonelela ngamandla kunye namandla okukhanyisa ngexesha elifanayo.
Ukukhethwa kwangoku, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umthwalo unokuhlangabezana neemfuno zemoto xa i-motor iqala (kuba i-current current ye-motor i-4 ukuya ku-7 amaxesha amakhulu kunomsebenzi wokucwina).
15. Kutheni i-transformer ingenako ukugcwala kakhulu?
Umsebenzi wokulayisha ngaphezulu ubhekisa ekusebenzeni kwesiguquli esigqitha ixabiso langoku elichazwe kwiplate yegama.
Ukulayisha ngaphezulu kwahlulwe kumthwalo oqhelekileyo kunye nomthwalo ogqithisiweyo wengozi. Eyangaphambili ibhekisa ekunyukeni kokusetyenziswa kwamandla omsebenzisi phantsi kweemeko zobonelelo lwamandla eziqhelekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwandisa ukushisa kwe-transformer, ikhuthaza ukuguga kwe-insulation ye-transformer, kwaye iyanciphisa ubomi benkonzo. Ngoko ke, ukusebenza kweTransformer overload akuvumelekanga.
Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezikhethekileyo, ukusebenza ngokugqithisileyo kwe-transformer ngexesha elifutshane akuyi kudlula i-30% yomthwalo olinganisiweyo (ebusika), kwaye awuyi kudlula i-15% ehlobo.
16. Ziziphi iintlobo zeemvavanyo ekufuneka i-transformer iyenze ngexesha lokusebenza?
Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwe-transformer, olu vavanyo lulandelayo kufuneka lwenziwe rhoqo:
(1) Uvavanyo lobushushu. Ingaba imeko yokusebenza ye-transformer iyinto eqhelekileyo okanye ayikho, ukushisa kubaluleke kakhulu. Imimiselo ichaza ukuba ukushisa kweoli ephezulu akufanele kudlule i-85C (oko kukuthi, ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa ngu-55C). Ngokuqhelekileyo, ii-transformers zixhotyiswe ngezixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokulinganisa ubushushu.
(2) Umlinganiselo womthwalo. Ukuze kuphuculwe izinga lokusetyenziswa kwe-transformer kunye nokunciphisa ilahleko yamandla ombane, ekusebenzeni kwe-transformer, umthamo wokubonelela umbane onokuthi uthwale ngokwenene kufuneka unqunywe. Umsebenzi wokulinganisa udla ngokuqhutywa ngexesha lencopho yokusetyenziswa kombane kwixesha ngalinye, kwaye i-ammeter yohlobo lwe-clamp isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ngokuthe ngqo. Ixabiso langoku kufuneka libe yi-70% ukuya kwi-80% yexabiso langoku le-transformer. Xa idlula, ithetha ukugcwala kwaye kufuneka ilungiswe ngokukhawuleza.
(3) Umlinganiselo wombane. Imimiselo ifuna ukuba uluhlu lwamandla ombane kufuneka lube phakathi kwe-±5% yombane olinganisiweyo. Ukuba olu luhlu lugqithisiwe, iimpompo kufuneka zisetyenziswe ukulungisa ukuzisa amandla ombane ngaphakathi koluhlu oluchaziweyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-voltmeter isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa i-terminal voltage yekhoyili yesibini kunye ne-terminal voltage yomsebenzisi wokugqibela ngokulandelanayo.
(4) Umlinganiselo wokumelana nokugquma. Ukuze kugcinwe i-transformer kwisimo esiqhelekileyo sokusebenza, umlinganiselo wokuchasana kwe-insulation kufuneka uqhutywe ukukhusela ukuguga kwe-insulation kunye neengozi. Xa ulinganisa, zama ukuyeka ukusebenza kwe-transformer, kwaye usebenzise i-shaker ukulinganisa ixabiso lokumelana ne-insulation ye-transformer. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuchasana okulinganisiweyo akukho ngaphantsi kwe-70% yexabiso elilinganisiweyo ngaphambili. Xa i-shaker ikhethiwe, i-coil ye-low-voltage ingasebenzisa inqanaba le-voltage ye-500 volts.
