ICanwin iyiNkampani Yokuguqula Amandla Kagesi & Umkhiqizi Wesiguquli Kagesi
Ulimi
ICanwin iyiNkampani Yokuguqula Amandla Kagesi & Umkhiqizi Wesiguquli Kagesi
1. Iyini i-transformer?
Kumjikelezo we-AC, idivayisi eyandisa noma enciphisa i-voltage ibizwa ngokuthi i-transformer. I-transformer ingaguqula noma yiliphi inani le-voltage ibe yinani le-voltage esiyidingayo nefrikhwensi efanayo ukuze sihlangabezane nezidingo zokudlulisa amandla kagesi, ukusatshalaliswa nokusetshenziswa.
Isibonelo, ugesi ovela esikhungweni sikagesi unezinga likagesi eliphansi, futhi amandla kagesi kufanele anyuswe ngaphambi kokuba athuthelwe endaweni ekude yokusetshenziswa kwamandla. Indawo esetshenziswa ugesi kumele yehliswe ibe sezingeni elifanele likagesi ukuze kuhlinzekwe izisetshenziswa zikagesi kanye nogesi wansuku zonke. Izisetshenziswa.
2. I-transformer iguqula kanjani i-voltage?
Ama-transformer enziwa ngokususelwa ku-electromagnetic induction. Iqukethe i-iron core epakishwe ngamashidi ensimbi ye-silicon (noma amashidi ensimbi ye-silicon) kanye namasethi amabili wamakhoyili alinyazwe phakathi kwensimbi. I-iron core kanye namakhoyili avaleleke komunye nomunye ngaphandle kokuxhunywa kukagesi.
Ikhoyili exhuma i-transformer kanye nohlangothi lokuphakela amandla ibizwa ngokuthi ikhoyili eyinhloko (noma uhlangothi oluyinhloko), kanti ikhoyili exhuma i-transformer nezinto zikagesi ibizwa ngokuthi ikhoyili yesibili (noma uhlangothi lwesibili). Lapho ikhoyili eyinhloko ye-transformer ixhunywe kumthombo wamandla we-AC, imigqa yamagnetic eshintshayo iyakhiwa kumongo wensimbi.
Njengoba ikhoyili yesibili ilinyazwe kumongo wensimbi ofanayo, ulayini wamandla kazibuthe usika ikhoyili yesibili, futhi amandla okusebenza kagesi akhiqizwayo kufanele akhiqizwe kukhoyili yesibili, okubangela ukuba kuvele amandla kagesi emikhawulweni yomibili yekhoyili. Ngenxa yokuthi imigqa yamagnetic field iyashintshana, i-voltage yekhoyili yesibili nayo iyashintshana. Futhi imvamisa ifana ncamashi nefrikhwensi yamapayipi.
Kuqinisekiswe umbono wokuthi isilinganiso se-voltage phakathi kwekhoyili eyinhloko kanye nekhoyili yesibili ye-transformer ihlobene nesilinganiso sokuphenduka kwekhoyili eyinhloko kanye nekhoyili yesibili, engavezwa ngefomula elandelayo: i-primary coil voltage/secondary i-coil voltage = i-primary coil iyajika/ijika ikhoyili yesibili. Chaza ukuthi lapho amajika amaningi, i-voltage iphakama. Ngakho-ke, kungabonakala ukuthi ikhoyili yesibili incane kunekhoyili eyinhloko, okuyi-transformer yesinyathelo esisuka phansi. Okuphambene yi-transformer yesinyathelo-up.
3. Yiziphi izinhlobo zemiklamo ye-transformer ezikhona?
(1) Ngokwenani lezigaba, kukhona i-single-phase kanye ne-3-phase transformers.
(2) Ngokwenhloso, kukhona ama-transformer kagesi, ama-transformer kagesi akhethekile, ama-voltage alawula ama-voltage, ama-measuers (ama-voltage transformer, ama-transformer amanje), ama-transformer kagesi amancane (amathuluzi anamandla amancane), kanye nama-transformer okuphepha.
(3) Ngokwesakhiwo, kunezinhlobo ezimbili: uhlobo oluyisisekelo kanye nohlobo lwegobolondo. Amakhoyili ane-double-winding kanye nama-multi-winding, ama-autotransformer.
(4) Ngokwendlela yokupholisa, kukhona ukucwiliswa ngamafutha kanye nokupholisa umoya.
4. Yiziphi izingxenye ze-transformer?
Izingxenye ze-Transformer ikakhulukazi zakhiwe ama-iron cores namakhoyili, ngaphezu kwamathangi kawoyela, imicamelo kawoyela, imikhono evikelayo kanye namakhanda ompompi.
5. Kuyini ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha e-transformer?
(1) Umthelela we-insulation;
(2) ukuchithwa kokushisa;
(3) Susa umphumela we-arc.
6. Iyini i-autotransformer?
I-autotransformer inesethi eyodwa kuphela yamakhoyili, kanti ikhoyili yesibili icoshwa kukhoyili yokuqala. Ngaphezu kokudluliswa kwe-electromagnetic induction, ikhoyili yesibili iphinde idlulise ugesi. Le transformer inamashidi ensimbi amaningi e-silicon nezintambo zethusi kuneziguquli ezijwayelekile. Okuncane, okuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukulungisa i-voltage.
7. I-voltage regulator ilungiswa kanjani?
Isakhiwo se-voltage regulator siyefana nese-autotransformer, kodwa umgogodla wensimbi wenziwa ikhoyili ye-toroidal futhi ulimele eduze kwe-toroidal iron core.
Ikhoyili yesibili yompompi isebenzisa ibhulashi elithintwayo elishelelayo ukwenza okuthintwayo kushelele njalo ngonyaka eduze kwendawo yekhoyili ukuze kuzuzwe ukulawulwa kwe-voltage ebushelelezi.
8. Yibuphi ubuhlobo bamanje phakathi kwekhoyili yokuqala kanye nekhoyili yesibili ye-transformer?
Lapho i-transformer isebenza nomthwalo, ukuguqulwa kwekhoyili yesibili yamanje kuzobangela ukuguqulwa okuhambisanayo kwekhoyili yokuqala yamanje. Ngokuvumelana nomgomo webhalansi yamandla kazibuthe, amandla amanje amakhoyili ayinhloko nawesibili ahambisana ngokuphambene nenani lokuphenduka kwamakhoyili. Uhlangothi olunamajika amaningi lunomsinga omncane, kanti uhlangothi olunamajika ambalwa lunomfutho omkhulu.
Ingavezwa ngendlela elandelayo: ikhoyili yokuqala yamanje/ikhoyili yesibili yamanje = iyajika ikhoyili yesibili/ijika ikhoyili yokuqala.
9. Liyini izinga lokushintsha i-voltage ye-transformer?
Izinga lokushintsha i-voltage ye-voltage regulator ingenye yezinkomba zokusebenza eziyinhloko ze-transformer. Lapho i-transformer inikeza amandla kumthwalo, i-voltage ekupheleni komthwalo we-transformer izokwehla nakanjani. Qhathanisa inani le-voltage elehlile nenani likagesi elilinganiselwe, bese uthatha iphesenti, okungukuthi, izinga lokushintsha kwamandla kagesi.
Ingavezwa ngefomula: Isilinganiso sokushintsha kwamandla kagesi =[(i-voltage elinganiselwe yesibili elinganiselwe yokulayisha umthamo)/i-voltage ekalwe okwesibili]×100%. Uma i-transformer yamandla evamile ixhunywe kumthwalo olinganiselwe, izinga lokushintsha i-voltage liyi-4 kuya ku-6%.
10. Ungaqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi i-transformer ine-voltage elinganiselwe?
I-voltage ephezulu kakhulu noma ephansi kakhulu izothinta ukusebenza okuvamile kanye nempilo yesevisi ye-transformer, ngakho-ke i-voltage kufanele ilungiswe.
Indlela yokulawula i-voltage iwukuba ukhiphe ompompi abambalwa kukhoyili yokuqala bese ubaxhuma ekhanda likampompi. Inhloko yompompi ishintsha inani lokuphenduka kwekhoyili ngokuzungezisa abathintwayo. Inqobo nje uma isikhundla sokushintsha kampompi siphendukile, inani elidingekayo le-voltage elilinganiselwe lingatholwa. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukulawulwa kwe-voltage ngokuvamile kufanele kwenziwe ngemva kokusika umthwalo oxhunywe ku-transformer.
11. Yiziphi iziguquli ezincane ezisetshenziswa kakhulu? Zisetshenziswa kuphi?
Ama-transformers amancane abhekisela kuma-single-phase transformers anesisindo esingaphansi kwe-1 kVA, asetshenziswa kakhulu njengama-transformer amandla okulawula imishini kagesi, ama-transformer amandla emishini kagesi kanye nama-transformer amandla okukhanyisa ukuphepha.
12. Yiziphi ukulahlekelwa kwe-transformer ngesikhathi sokusebenza? Indlela yokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa?
Ukulahlekelwa ekusebenzeni kwe-transformer kufaka izingxenye ezimbili:
(1) kubangelwa umgogodla wensimbi. Lapho ikhoyili inikwa amandla, ngenxa yemigqa yamagnetic eshintshanayo, ukulahleka kwe-eddy current kanye ne-hysteresis ku-iron core kuyabangelwa, okubizwa ngokuhlangene ngokuthi ukulahlekelwa kwensimbi.
(2) Kubangelwa ukumelana kwekhoyili ngokwayo. Uma kukhona ukudlula kwamanje kukhoyili eyinhloko kanye nekhoyili yesibili ye-transformer, ukulahlekelwa kwamandla kuzokwenzeka, futhi lokhu kulahlekelwa kubizwa ngokuthi ukulahlekelwa kwethusi.
Isamba sokulahlekelwa kwensimbi nokulahlekelwa kwethusi ukulahlekelwa kwe-transformer, futhi lokhu kulahlekelwa kuhlobene nomthamo we-transformer, i-voltage kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemishini. Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha i-transformer, umthamo wezinto zokusebenza kufanele uhambisane nokusetshenziswa kwangempela ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze uthuthukise izinga lokusetshenziswa kwemishini, futhi uqaphele ukuthi ungasebenzisi i-transformer ngaphansi komthwalo omncane.
13. Iyini i-nameplate ye-transformer? Ithini idatha yobuchwepheshe eyinhloko ku-nameplate?
I-nameplate ye-transformer ibonisa ukusebenza, ukucaciswa kobuchwepheshe kanye nezikhathi zokusetshenziswa kwe-transformer, futhi isetshenziselwa ukuhlangabezana nokukhetha komsebenzisi. Ngokuvamile, idatha yobuchwepheshe eyinhloko okufanele inakwe yilena:
(1) I-KVA yomthamo olinganiselwe. Okungukuthi, umthamo wokukhipha we-transformer esimweni esilinganiselwe. Okufana ne-single-phase transformer rated umthamo = Umugqa we-U × I umugqa; umthamo we-transformer wesigaba ezintathu = Umugqa we-U × I umugqa.
(2) I-voltage elinganiselwe ngama-volts. I-terminal voltage yekhoyili eyinhloko kanye ne-terminal voltage yekhoyili yesibili (uma ingaxhumene nomthwalo) imakwa ngokulandelanayo. Qaphela ukuthi i-voltage ye-terminal ye-transformer yezigaba ezintathu ibhekisela enani lomugqa we-voltage U.
(3) Isilinganiso samanje esilinganiselwe. Isho inani lamanje likalayini we-I elivunyelwe ukudlula ikhoyili yokuqala kanye nekhoyili yesibili isikhathi eside ngaphansi kwezimo zomthamo olinganisiwe kanye nokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa okuvumelekile.
(4) Isilinganiso samandla kagesi. Ibhekisela esilinganisweni sevoltheji elinganiselwe yekhoyili eyinhloko kuvoltheji elinganiselwe yekhoyili yesibili.
(5) Indlela yokufaka izintambo. Ama-transformer esigaba esisodwa anesethi eyodwa kuphela yamakhoyili kagesi aphezulu naphansi, atholakala kuphela ukusetshenziswa kwesigaba esisodwa, kuyilapho ama-transformer ezigaba ezintathu anohlobo lwe-Y/△. Ngaphandle kwedatha yezobuchwepheshe engenhla, kukhona imvamisa elinganiselwe ye-transformer, inani lezigaba, ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa, iphesenti le-impedance ye-transformer, njll.
14. Ungakhetha kanjani i-transformer? Indlela yokunquma umthamo ozwakalayo we-transformer?
Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukuphenya amandla kagesi wendawo lapho ugesi usetshenziswa khona, umthwalo wangempela kagesi womsebenzisi kanye nezimo zendawo, bese ukhetha ngamunye ngamunye ngokuya ngedatha yobuchwepheshe ekhonjiswe ku- i-nameplate ye-transformer. Ngokuvamile, umthamo, i-voltage, izimo zamanje nezemvelo ze-transformer kufanele zicatshangelwe ngokuphelele. Phakathi kwabo, umthamo kufanele ukhethwe. Umthamo we-transformer kufanele ukhethwe ngokuya ngomthamo, imvelo kanye nesikhathi sokusebenzisa imishini kagesi yomsebenzisi ukucacisa umthwalo odingekayo.
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza okujwayelekile, umthwalo wamandla we-transformer kufanele ube ngu-75-90% womthamo olinganiselwe we-transformer. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, uma kulinganiswa ukuthi umthwalo wangempela we-transformer ungaphansi kuka-50%, i-transformer encane encane kufanele ishintshwe. Uma umthamo olinganiselwe we-transformer mkhulu kunomthamo olinganiselwe we-transformer, i-transformer enkulu kufanele ishintshwe ngokushesha.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lapho ukhetha i-transformer, inani le-voltage yekhoyili eyinhloko ye-transformer inqunywa ngokusho kwamandla kagesi womugqa, futhi inani le-voltage yekhoyili yesibili likhethwa ngokusho kwemishini kagesi. Kungcono ukukhetha ugesi ophansi we-voltage wezigaba ezintathu ezinezintambo ezine. Lokhu kunganikeza amandla namandla okukhanyisa ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Ukukhethwa kwamanje, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umthwalo ungahlangabezana nezidingo ze-motor lapho i-motor iqala (ngoba isiqalo samanje se-motor sikhulu izikhathi ezi-4 kuya kweziyi-7 kunomsebenzi wokucwilisa).
15. Kungani i-transformer ingakwazi ukulayishwa ngokweqile?
Ukusebenza kokulayisha ngokweqile kubhekisela ekusebenzeni kwe-transformer eyeqa inani lamanje elishiwo ku-nameplate.
Ukulayisha ngokweqile kuhlukaniswe ngokugcwala okujwayelekile kanye nokugcwala ngokweqile kwengozi. Okwakuqala kubhekise ekwenyukeni kokusetshenziswa kwamandla omsebenzisi ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokunikezwa kwamandla. Ngokuvamile kwandisa izinga lokushisa le-transformer, likhuthaza ukuguga kwe-transformer insulation, futhi kunciphisa impilo yesevisi. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza kwe-Transformer overload akuvunyelwe.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhethekile, ukusebenza ngokweqile kwe-transformer ngesikhathi esifushane ngeke kudlule u-30% womthwalo olinganisiwe (ebusika), futhi ngeke kudlule u-15% ehlobo.
16. Yiziphi izinhlobo zokuhlola okufanele i-transformer izenze ngesikhathi sokusebenza?
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwe-transformer, lezi zivivinyo ezilandelayo kufanele zenziwe njalo:
(1) Ukuhlolwa kwezinga lokushisa. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo sokusebenza se-transformer sijwayelekile noma cha, izinga lokushisa libaluleke kakhulu. Imithethonqubo ibeka ukuthi izinga lokushisa eliphezulu likawoyela akufanele lidlule ku-85C (okungukuthi, ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa ngu-55C). Ngokuvamile, ama-transformer afakwe imishini ekhethekile yokulinganisa izinga lokushisa.
(2) Isilinganiso somthwalo. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lokusetshenziswa kwe-transformer futhi kuncishiswe ukulahlekelwa kwamandla kagesi, ekusebenzeni kwe-transformer, umthamo wokunikezwa kwamandla i-transformer engathwala ngempela kufanele inqunywe. Umsebenzi wokulinganisa uvame ukwenziwa ngesikhathi esiphezulu sokusetshenziswa kukagesi enkathini ngayinye, futhi i-ammeter yohlobo lwe-clamp isetshenziselwa ukulinganisa okuqondile. Inani lamanje kufanele libe ngu-70% kuya ku-80% wamanje olinganiselwe we-transformer. Uma idlula, isho ukugcwala ngokweqile futhi kufanele ilungiswe ngokushesha.
(3) Isilinganiso samandla kagesi. Imithetho idinga ukuthi ububanzi bokuhluka kwamandla kagesi kufanele bube phakathi kuka-±5% we-voltage elinganiselwe. Uma lobu bubanzi budlulwa, ompompi kufanele basetshenziswe ukulungisa ukuletha i-voltage ngaphakathi kwebanga elishiwo. Ngokuvamile, i-voltmeter isetshenziselwa ukukala i-terminal voltage yekhoyili yesibili kanye ne-terminal voltage yomsebenzisi wokugcina ngokulandelanayo.
(4) Ukulinganisa ukumelana nokufakwa kwe-insulation. Ukuze ugcine i-transformer esimweni esivamile sokusebenza, ukulinganiswa kokumelana nokufakwa kwe-insulation kumele kwenziwe ukuvimbela ukuguga kwe-insulation kanye nezingozi. Lapho ulinganisa, zama ukumisa ukusebenza kwe-transformer, futhi usebenzise i-shaker ukukala inani lokumelana nokufakwa kwe-transformer. Kudingeka ukuthi ukumelana okulinganiselwe kungabi ngaphansi kuka-70% yenani elikalwe ngaphambilini. Lapho i-shaker ikhethiwe, ikhoyili ene-voltage ephansi ingasebenzisa izinga likagesi elingu-500 volts.
