I-laser welding iyindlela ephumelela kakhulu futhi enembile yokuhlanganisa izinsimbi. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ezezimoto, i-aerospace, ne-electronics. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukuthi imishini yokushisela i-laser isebenza kanjani, okuhlanganisa izingxenye zayo, ukusebenza, kanye nezicelo.
Umshini wokushisela we-laser uqukethe izingxenye ezimbalwa ezibalulekile, okuhlanganisa umthombo we-laser, isistimu yokulethwa kwezigxobo, idivayisi yokubamba i-workpiece, kanye nesistimu yokulawula. Umthombo we-laser uyinhliziyo yomshini, okhiqiza ukukhanya okunamandla aphezulu okusetshenziselwa ukushisela ucezu lokusebenza. Isistimu yokulethwa kwezingongolo, ngokuvamile ehlanganisa izibuko namalensi, iqondisa i-laser beam endaweni eqondile lapho ukushisela kuzokwenziwa khona. Idivayisi yokubamba i-workpiece isetshenziselwa ukubeka ngokuvikelekile izingxenye ezizoshiselwa, kuyilapho isistimu yokulawula ilawula imingcele ehlukahlukene yenqubo yokushisela, njengamandla, isivinini, nokugxila.
Umthombo we-laser ngokwawo ngokuvamile uyi-solid-state, i-fiber, noma i-CO2 laser. Ama-laser e-Solid-state asebenza kahle kakhulu futhi anikezela ngekhwalithi enhle ye-beam, awenze afanelekele izinhlelo zokusebenza zokushisela. Ama-laser e-fiber aziwa ngamandla awo aphezulu nokusebenza kahle kwamandla, kuyilapho amalaser e-CO2 evamise ukusetshenziselwa ukushisela izinto eziwugqinsi.
Uhlelo lokulethwa kwezigxobo lubalulekile ekuletheni i-laser beam endaweni yokusebenza ngokunemba okudingekayo nokuzinza. Ngokuvamile iqukethe izibuko namalensi angasetshenziswa ukuze alawule ukugxila, usayizi, kanye nendawo yomugqa. Lokhu kuvumela i-laser beam ukuthi iqondiswe ngokunembile ekuhlanganyeleni okushisela, kuqinisekiswe ukushisela okuseqophelweni eliphezulu nokungaguquguquki.
Idivayisi yokubamba i-workpiece, noma i-fixturing, iklanyelwe ukubeka ngokuphephile izingxenye ezizoshiselwa. Kumelwe ikwazi ukubamba izingxenye ngendlela efanele nokuqondanisa, kuyilapho ihlinzeka nokufinyelela kwe-laser beam. Ukulungisa kungathatha izinhlobo ezahlukene, ezifana nezinsimbi, amajigi, noma izingalo zerobhothi, kuye ngezidingo ezithile zohlelo lokushisela.
Uhlelo lokulawula umshini wokushisela we-laser unesibopho sokulawula imingcele ehlukahlukene yenqubo yokushisela. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukulawula amandla nesivinini se-laser, kanye nokugxila kanye nokuma kwe-beam. Uhlelo lokulawula luphinde luqaphe izinga lokushisa le-workpiece futhi lulungise imingcele yokushisela njengoba kudingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi ephezulu yokushisela.
Ukusebenza komshini wokushisela we-laser kuhilela izinyathelo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile, okuhlanganisa ukulungiselela, ukusetha, ukushisela, nokuhlola ngemva kokushisela. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukulungiselela, okubandakanya ukuhlola ucezu lokusebenza nokulungiselela umshini wokushisela we-laser wohlelo oluthile lokushisela. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukulungisa amapharamitha wesistimu yokulawula, ukusetha isistimu yokulethwa kwe-beam, nokubeka idivayisi yokubamba i-workpiece.
Uma umshini usumisiwe, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukwenza umsebenzi wokushisela. Lokhu ngokuvamile kubandakanya ukugxilisa i-laser beam ekuhlanganyeleni okushiselayo nokuyihambisa eduze kwelunga ngesivinini esinembile. I-laser beam incibilikisa insimbi ekuhlanganyeleni, idale ukuhlangana phakathi kwezingxenye. Ukugxila okuphezulu kwamandla kwe-laser beam kuqinisekisa ukushisisa okusheshayo nokupholisa kwe-weld, okuholela ekuthungeni okuncane, okujulile kwe-weld nokuhlanekezela okuncane.
Ngemuva kokuthi i-welding isiqediwe, ingxenye ehlanganisiwe ingaphansi kokuhlolwa kwe-post-weld ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi ye-weld. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo, ukuhlola okungabhubhisi, noma ukuhlola okulimazayo, kuye ngezimfuneko ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza. Umgomo wokuhlola ngemva kokushisela uwukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-weld ihlangabezana namazinga ashiwo wekhwalithi kanye nemibandela yokusebenza.
I-laser welding isetshenziswa ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene nasezintweni, ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo eziningi kunezindlela zendabuko zokushisela. Enye yezinzuzo ezibalulekile ze-laser welding amandla ayo okukhiqiza ama-welds ekhwalithi ephezulu anokuhlanekezela okuncane kanye nezindawo ezithinteke ukushisa. Lokhu kuyenza ifaneleke kakhulu izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho ukunemba, ukuhlanzeka, nokucubungula okuncane kwangemuva kokushisela kubalulekile, njengasezimbonini zezimoto nezasemoyeni.
Embonini yezimoto, i-laser welding isetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa izingxenye ezahlukahlukene, njengamaphaneli omzimba, amasistimu wokukhipha umoya, namathangi kaphethiloli. Ukunemba okuphezulu kanye nesivinini se-laser welding kuyenza ifaneleke ikakhulukazi izinqubo zokukhiqiza ngobuningi, lapho ukusebenza kahle nokuvumelana kubalulekile.
Embonini ye-aerospace, i-laser welding isetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa izingxenye ezinezindonga ezincane, njengama-turbine blades namaphaneli ezindiza. Ukugxiliswa kwamandla okuphezulu kwe-laser beam kuvumela ukulawula okunembile kwe-weld, ukuqinisekisa amalunga ekhwalithi ephezulu ngokuhlanekezela okuncane. I-laser welding iphinde isetshenziswe embonini ye-electronics ukujoyina izingxenye ezincane, ezibucayi, njengezintambo, izinzwa, kanye nama-microelectronics.
Ukushisela nge-laser kunikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile ezimbalwa kunezindlela zokushisela zendabuko, okuhlanganisa i-TIG, i-MIG, kanye ne-resistance welding. Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko ze-laser welding amandla ayo okukhiqiza ama-welds ekhwalithi ephezulu anokuhlanekezela okuncane kanye nezindawo ezithinteke ekushiseni. Umthungo omncane, ojulile we-weld okhiqizwe yi-laser beam uqinisekisa ukuhlangana okuqinile, okunembayo okuhlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza zohlelo lokusebenza.
Enye inzuzo ye-laser welding yijubane layo eliphezulu lokucubungula nokusebenza kahle. Ukugxila okuphezulu kwamandla kwe-laser beam kuvumela ukushisa okusheshayo nokupholisa kwe-weld, okuholela ezikhathini zomjikelezo osheshayo kanye nokwanda kokukhiqiza. Lokhu kwenza i-laser welding ifaneleke ikakhulukazi izinqubo zokukhiqiza umthamo omkhulu, lapho isivinini nokusebenza kahle kubalulekile.
Ukwengeza, i-laser welding iyinqubo engathinteki, enciphisa ubungozi bokungcoliswa kanye nokulimala kwe-workpiece. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezimbonini ezifana ne-electronics kanye nemishini yezokwelapha, lapho ukuhlanzeka nokunemba kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukungaxhunywana kwemvelo ye-laser welding nakho kunciphisa ukuguga nokugcinwa kwezidingo zemishini yokushisela, okuholela ezindlekweni eziphansi zokusebenza kanye nokwenyuka kwesikhathi.
Enye inzuzo ye-laser welding ukuguquguquka kwayo nekhono lokushisela izinhlobonhlobo zezinto zokwakha, okuhlanganisa insimbi, i-aluminium, i-titanium, nethusi. Lokhu kuyenza ifanelekele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukene kuzo zonke izimboni ezahlukene, kusukela kwezezimoto kanye ne-aerospace kuye kwezokwelapha kanye ne-electronics yabathengi.
Kafushane, i-laser welding iyindlela ephumelela kakhulu nenembayo yokuhlanganisa izinsimbi, enikeza izinzuzo eziningi kunezindlela zokushisela zendabuko. Ikhono layo lokukhiqiza ama-welds ekhwalithi ephezulu anokuhlanekezela okuncane, isivinini sokucubungula okuphezulu, imvelo engathinteki, kanye nokuhlukahluka kuyenza ifanelekele uhla olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene. Izingxenye zomshini wokushisela we-laser, okuhlanganisa umthombo we-laser, isistimu yokulethwa kwezigxobo, idivayisi yokubamba izingcezu zokusebenza, kanye nesistimu yokulawula, zisebenza ndawonye ukuze kukhiqizwe okushisela kwekhwalithi ephezulu ngokunemba okukhethekile. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuthuthuka, i-laser welding kulindeleke ukuthi ibambe iqhaza elibaluleke kakhulu ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza zesikhathi esizayo.
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