Izindaba

Ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa, i-transformer eyomile kanye ne-oil transformer ingakhethwa ngokusho kwesikhala. I-oil transformer ingakhethwa uma isikhala sikhulu, futhi i-transformer eyomile ingakhethwa lapho isikhala sigcwele.

Kusukela namuhla, kunokugcizelelwa okukhulayo ekusetshenzisweni kwedijithali kwamanethiwekhi okusabalalisa amandla. Ukushintshela kumasistimu amagridi ahlakaniphile, asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bedijithali ukuphatha nokuqapha ukuhamba kwamandla, sekubaluleke kakhulu. Amagridi ahlakaniphile anikeza ukwethembeka okuthuthukisiwe, ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, futhi anikele ngokuphawulekayo emizamweni yokusimama iyonke. Ingxenye ebalulekile yalawa magridi ahlakaniphile amathuluzi e-transformer, anesibopho sokulungisa amazinga kagesi ukuze kugcinwe ukuqina nokusebenza kahle kwegridi.Kodwa-ke, njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka ngokushesha kanye nezidingo zamandla zikhula, ama-transformer endabuko avame ukubhekana nobunzima. Lolu daba lugqamisa ukubaluleka kokuthuthukiswa kwemishini ye-transformer. Ngokwenza kanjalo, ukusebenza kahle kwegridi ehlakaniphile kuyathuthuka, futhi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo eziguquguqukayo zezidingo nezimo zamandla kuyanda. Ngakho-ke, lesi sihloko sizohlola izici ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho uthuthukisa imishini ye-transformer yezinhlelo zegridi ehlakaniphile, ihlinzeka ngemininingwane ebalulekile yokuqondisa izinqubo zokwenza izinqumo.

Emkhakheni wokukhiqiza imishini kagesi, umshini wokugoqa ucwecwe udlala indima ebalulekile. Kuyithuluzi elibalulekile elibamba iqhaza elikhulu ekwakhiweni kweziguquli zekhwalithi ephezulu, ama-reactors, namanye amadivaysi okufundisa. Ukubaluleka kokukhetha umshini wokusonta we-foil ofanele angeke kuqiniswe ngokweqile njengoba kuthonya ngokuqondile ukusebenza kahle, ukwethembeka, nokuphila isikhathi eside kwalawa madivayisi.Umshini wokusonta i-foil usetshenziselwa ukuvunguza amafoil ensimbi, ngokuvamile ithusi noma i-aluminium, kanye nezinto zokufakelwa ukuze kwakhiwe ikhoyili. Le khoyili iyingxenye ebalulekile emishinini eminingi kagesi, esebenza njengendawo yokudlulisa amandla. Ngakho-ke, ikhwalithi yekhoyili, enqunywa kakhulu umshini oyipheshayo, inomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwedivayisi.Indima yomshini wokusonta i-foil inweba ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla, okogesi, ezezimoto, namandla avuselelekayo. Embonini kagesi, isibonelo, le mishini iwusizo kakhulu ekukhiqizeni ama-transformer asiza ekudluliselweni nasekusabalaliseni ugesi. Embonini yezimoto, zisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni izingxenye zezimoto zikagesi. Uma ucabangela ukusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene kanye nezigxobo eziphezulu ezihilelekile, kubalulekile ukwenza isinqumo esinolwazi lapho ukhetha umshini wokugoqa ucwecwe. Esihlokweni lesilandzelako, sitawucoca ngekutsi singasitsatsa njani lesincumo lesibalulekile.

Imishini yokusonta i-foil iyingxenye ebalulekile ekwenziweni kwama-transformer, ama-inductors, namanye amadivaysi kagesi. Le mishini ivunguza amafoil ensimbi, ngokuvamile enziwe ngethusi noma nge-aluminium, azungeze umnyombo ukuze kwakhe ikhoyili, okuyingxenye ebalulekile yalezi zisetshenziswa. Umshini wokusonta i-foil udlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ikhwalithi, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokusebenza kwalezi zingxenye zikagesi.Ukubaluleka kwemishini yokusonta i-foil angeke kugcizelelwe. Asetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene ezinjengokusabalalisa amandla, ezokuxhumana, ezezimoto, eze-electronics, nokunye. Imboni ngayinye idinga izinhlobo ezithile zamakhoyili, futhi ukuguquguquka komshini wokusonga i-foil kuvumela ukwakhiwa kwalezi zinhlobo zamakhoyili ahlukene. Ngokuqonda nokuhlola izixazululo ezithuthukisiwe emishinini yokusonta i-foil, amabhizinisi angathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwawo kokukhiqiza, anciphise izindleko, futhi ekugcineni alethe imikhiqizo engcono kumakhasimende awo.

Gxila kumhlahlandlela wethu ojulile wokuhlola izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-transformer. Funda ngezici zabo ezihlukile, imisebenzi, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ukuze wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi.Ama-Transformer atholakala yonke indawo emhlabeni wobunjiniyela bakagesi kanye nokusabalalisa amandla. Zisebenza njengomgogodla wengqalasizinda yethu kagesi, zenza kube lula ukudluliswa kukagesi ophuma ezindaweni eziphehla ugesi uye ezindlini zethu nasemabhizinisini ethu. Enhliziyweni yawo wonke ama-transformer kukhona ingxenye ebalulekile - umnyombo. Ukuqonda izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-transformer kubalulekile konjiniyela, ochwepheshe, nanoma ubani ohilelekile emkhakheni wezogesi, njengoba kungenza wonke umehluko ekufezeni ukusebenza kahle nokusebenza kahle.Uma kukhulunywa ngama-transformer, akusona isimo esilingana nawe sonke. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene zidinga izinto eziyisisekelo nemiklamo ehlukene, ngayinye inesethi yayo yezimpawu, izinzuzo, kanye nemikhawulo. Kulo mhlahlandlela ophelele, sizokuthatha ohambweni lokudlula emhlabeni ohehayo wama-transformer cores. Sizocubungula izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezitholakalayo, sikhanyise ngezakhiwo zazo ezihlukile kanye nezicelo lapho zikhanya khona.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungunjiniyela kagesi ongumakadebona noma othile ofuna ukwazi ukuthi ama-transformer asebenza kanjani, lo mhlahlandlela uzokuhlomisa ngolwazi oludingayo ukuze wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi ekukhetheni umongo we-transformer ofanele ngezidingo zakho ezithile. Hlanganyela nathi njengoba sembula ubunkimbinkimbi bezinhlobo ze-transformer core futhi sithola indima ebalulekile eziyidlalayo ekunikezeni amandla umhlaba wethu wesimanje.

Zitholele amasu ayisihluthulelo okunakekela impahla ye-transformer enganweba kakhulu impilo yayo futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle, iqinisekise ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha kuzilungiselelo zezimboni.Imishini ye-Transformer iyiqhawe elingahlonishwanga lemboni yesimanje, evumela buthule ukusatshalaliswa kahle kwamandla kagesi ukushayela intuthuko yethu kwezobuchwepheshe nezimboni. Le mishini engazikhukhumezi idlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni amazinga kagesi, iqinisekisa ukudluliswa kukagesi okuphephile ukuze kunikwe amandla amakhaya ethu, amabhizinisi, nengqalasizinda ebalulekile. Noma kunjalo, naphezu kwendima yabo ebucayi, ama-transformer avame ukusebenza ngemuva, ngaphandle kokubona futhi ngaphandle kwengqondo, kuze kube yilapho kukhona okungahambi kahle.Kulo mhlahlandlela obanzi, sizocacisa umhlaba ovame ukunganakwa kodwa obaluleke kakhulu wokulungiswa kwemishini ye-transformer. Sizohlola ukuthi ukunakekela okuvamile akubalulekile kanjani nje kuphela kodwa futhi kuguqula, okukwazi ukunweba isikhathi sokuphila kwalawa mahhashi okusebenza kanye nokwenza kahle kwawo. Kusukela ezimbonini ezikhiqizayo kuya eziteshini ezisetshenziswayo, uhambo lwethu luqala ngokuhlola indima ebalulekile yemishini ye-transformer ezimbonini kanye nokuqonda ukuthi kungani ukunakekelwa ngenkuthalo kuyinsika yokuthembeka kwazo nokuphila isikhathi eside.

Yembula okubalulekile kwama-transformer cores futhi uqonde izici ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha ukukhetha kwakho ukusebenza kahle.Oguquguqukayo bama njengabalindi abathule endaweni yezinhlelo zikagesi, behlela ukudluliselwa nokuguqulwa okubalulekile kwamandla kagesi okunika amandla umhlaba wethu wesimanje. Lawa madivaysi angenabugovu, avame ukubekwa eceleni eziteshini ezincane noma abekwe ngaphakathi kwezinto zikagesi, akha umgogodla wobunjiniyela bakagesi, okuvumela ukusatshalaliswa nokusetshenziswa kahle kukagesi. Indima yabo ibalulekile, ukuvala igebe phakathi kokuphehlwa kukagesi nokusebenzisa ngendlela ebonakalayo ngokunyusa amandla kagesi ukuze adluliselwe amabanga amade futhi awehlise ukuze asetshenziswe ngokuphephile ezindlini zethu, ezimbonini nasezinsizeni zethu. Ngamafuphi, ama-transformer angabakhi abangahlonishwanga bezwe elifakwe ugesi esihlala kulo.Ngaphansi kobuso obungenasizotha be-transformer kukhona ingxenye ebalulekile-umgogodla we-transformer. Lo mnyombo wokuzikhukhumeza, kude nokungenzi lutho, usebenza njengeyona injini eshayela ukuguqulwa kwamandla kagesi abe amandla kazibuthe futhi abuyele emandleni kagesi kuyilapho inciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla. Kuyi-linchpin yokusebenza kwe-transformer, ebusa hhayi kuphela ukusebenza kahle kodwa futhi nokuthembeka. Ukukhethwa komgogodla ofanele we-transformer kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoba kubumba ngokuqondile ukusebenza kahle, ukuphila isikhathi eside, kanye nezici ze-electromagnetic. Kulesi sihloko, siqala uhambo lokwembula ukubaluleka okujulile kwama-transformer futhi, ikakhulukazi, ama-cores awo abalulekile, akuhlomisa ngolwazi oludingekayo ukuze wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokusebenza kahle kwezinhlelo zikagesi.

Ngokuthuthukiswa kwesistimu yamandla ekuqondeni ukonga amandla kanye nobuhlakani, ikhwalithi, ukwethembeka kanye nezidingo zokusebenza zokudluliswa kwamandla nokusabalalisa kanye nemishini yokulawula ziyathuthukiswa kancane kancane. Ukuze ujwayelane futhi uhlangabezane nesidingo semakethe, abakhiqizi bokudluliswa kwamandla nokusabalalisa nokulawula okokusebenza bayaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ukwakheka koMkhiqizo, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza komkhiqizo, kanye nokuqinisa u-R ozimele.&D kanye nokuhlolwa kobuchwepheshe obusha, izimboni ezintsha, amafomethi amasha, namamodeli amasha. Ukuthuthukiswa kwayo kuveza izitayela ezilandelayo:

Ukuze ubhekane nengozi yesifunda esifushane se-transformer ekusebenzeni kwansuku zonke, kuyadingeka ukuthola ingqikithi yenkinga ngokuhlola nokuhlola. Lapho i-transformer ihlushwa ukujikeleza okufushane okungazelelwe, izinhlangothi ze-voltage ephezulu nephansi zizoba ngaphansi kwamandla amakhulu wesifunda esifushane. Esikhathini esifushane lapho i-circuit breaker ingenaso isikhathi sokunqamula, amandla kagesi akhiqizwa i-current circuit circuit, elingana nesikwele samanje, azosebenza ku-transformer winding. La mandla kagesi angahlukaniswa abe yi-radial force kanye ne-axial force. Esimeni sokujikeleza okufushane, amandla e-radial asebenza ekujikeni azokwenza ukuthi i-HV ibe mazombezombe ibe ngaphansi kwengcindezi kanye namajika e-LV ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Njengoba i-winding iyindilinga, into eyindilinga ikhubazekile kalula ngaphansi kwengcindezi kunangaphansi kwe-tension, ngakho-ke i-low-voltage winding ikhubazeka kalula. Amandla e-axial akhiqizwa uma kwenzeka isifunda esifushane kungazelelwe sicindezela ukujikajika futhi sibangele ukugudluka kwe-axial kwama-winding voltage aphezulu naphansi. Amandla e-axial nawo asebenza kumgogodla wensimbi nama-clamps. Ngakho-ke, lapho i-transformer ihlushwa ukujikeleza okufushane okungazelelwe, ukujika kwe-low-voltage kanye nokujika kwebhalansi kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi kukhubazekile, kulandelwa ama-high-voltage mazombezombe, insimbi core kanye ne-clamp. Ngaphezu kokuhlola ama-windings amakhulu, ama-iron cores, ama-clamps nezinye izingxenye ngemuva kwengozi ye-transformer short-circuit, uchungechunge lwezinkinga ezihlobene kufanele futhi lunakwe ngesikhathi sokusingatha:

I-transformer iyidivayisi emile esebenza ngokuqhubekayo, enokwethenjelwa ngokuqhathaniswa nokusebenza futhi inethuba elincane lokuhluleka. Kodwa-ke, njengoba iningi lama-transformer lifakwe ngaphandle, futhi lithinteka umthwalo ngesikhathi sokusebenza kanye nephutha lesifunda esifushane sesistimu yamandla, amaphutha ahlukahlukene kanye nezimo ezingavamile zenzeka ngokungenakugwenywa ngesikhathi sokusebenza.

Ukulahlekelwa kwamandla kwe-transformer kuhlukaniswe ukulahlekelwa kwensimbi nokulahlekelwa kwethusi. Ukulahleka kwe-ayoni kubizwa nangokuthi ukulahlekelwa okungaguquki, okuwukulahlekelwa kwakho okungaguquki. Empeleni kuwukulahlekelwa okukhiqizwa i-iron core (ebizwa nangokuthi ukulahlekelwa kwe-iron core, futhi ukulahlekelwa kwethusi kubizwa nangokuthi ukulahlekelwa umthwalo).

Amaphutha e-Transformer angahlukaniswa abe amaphutha angaphakathi kanye namaphutha angaphandle.Amaphutha angaphakathi e-Transformer abhekisela emaphutheni enzeke ethangini likawoyela we-transformer, okuhlanganisa isifunda esifushane sesigaba sesigaba sokujika ngakunye, isifunda esifushane se-inter-turn of winding, iphutha lesekethe elifushane phakathi kwama-winding kanye ne-iron core, iphutha lesigaba esisodwa sokumisa I-single-phase winding noma i-lead-out wire edlula egobolondweni, iphutha lokunqamuka elimazombezombe, njll. Amaphutha angaphandle e-Transformer abhekisela emaphutheni ahlukahlukene avela ku-insulating bushing yangaphandle yethangi likawoyela we-transformer kanye nezintambo zalo eziphuma phambili, okuhlanganisa isigaba esisodwa. ukumisa ama-short-circuits kanye nama-short-circuits wesigaba-to-isigaba phakathi kwezintambo eziphumayo ezibangelwa i-flashover noma izihlahla ezi-insulating eziphukile.