ICanwin iyiNkampani Yokuguqula Amandla Kagesi & Umkhiqizi Wesiguquli Kagesi
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ICanwin iyiNkampani Yokuguqula Amandla Kagesi & Umkhiqizi Wesiguquli Kagesi
Ukuze ubhekane nengozi yesifunda esifushane se-transformer ekusebenzeni kwansuku zonke, kuyadingeka ukuthola ingqikithi yenkinga ngokuhlola nokuhlola. Lapho i-transformer ihlushwa ukujikeleza okufushane okungazelelwe, izinhlangothi ze-voltage ephezulu nephansi zizoba ngaphansi kwamandla amakhulu wesifunda esifushane. Esikhathini esifushane lapho i-circuit breaker ingenaso isikhathi sokunqamula, amandla kagesi akhiqizwa i-current circuit circuit, elingana nesikwele samanje, azosebenza ku-transformer winding. La mandla kagesi angahlukaniswa abe yi-radial force kanye ne-axial force. Esimeni sokujikeleza okufushane, amandla e-radial asebenza ekujikeni azokwenza ukuthi i-HV ibe mazombezombe ibe ngaphansi kwengcindezi kanye namajika e-LV ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Njengoba i-winding iyindilinga, into eyindilinga ikhubazekile kalula ngaphansi kwengcindezi kunangaphansi kwe-tension, ngakho-ke i-low-voltage winding ikhubazeka kalula. Amandla e-axial akhiqizwa uma kwenzeka isifunda esifushane kungazelelwe sicindezela ukujikajika futhi sibangele ukugudluka kwe-axial kwama-winding voltage aphezulu naphansi. Amandla e-axial nawo asebenza kumgogodla wensimbi nama-clamps. Ngakho-ke, lapho i-transformer ihlushwa ukujikeleza okufushane okungazelelwe, ukujika kwe-low-voltage kanye nokujika kwebhalansi kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi kukhubazekile, kulandelwa ama-high-voltage mazombezombe, insimbi core kanye ne-clamp. Ngaphezu kokuhlola ama-windings amakhulu, ama-iron cores, ama-clamps nezinye izingxenye ngemuva kwengozi ye-transformer short-circuit, uchungechunge lwezinkinga ezihlobene kufanele futhi lunakwe ngesikhathi sokusingatha:
■ Ukuhlolwa nokuhlolwa kokusonteka
Lapho i-transformer ifushane, ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla e-electrodynamic, ukujikajika kuhambisana nengcindezi, ukungezwani, ukugoba namanye amandla, okuholela ekufihlekeni okuqinile kwephutha, okungekho lula ukuhlola nokulungisa, kufanele ihlolwe ngemuva kwephutha lesifunda esifushane.
■ Ukulinganisa kwe-DC ukumelana kwe-transformer
Ngokusho kwenani elilinganisiwe lokumelana kwe-DC ye-transformer, izinga lokungalingani lokumelana kwe-DC of the winding liyahlolwa futhi liqhathaniswe nenani elilinganiselwe elilinganiselwe, elingaphenya ngokuphumelelayo umonakalo we-transformer winding. Isibonelo, ngemva kwengozi yesifunda esifushane ye-transformer, ukumelana kwe-DC ku-C ohlangothini lwe-voltage ephansi kukhuphuke cishe ngo-10%, ngakho-ke kwahlulelwa ukuthi kungase kube nezintambo ezintsha ekujikeni. Ekugcineni, ijika elijikajikayo lakhishwa ukuze lihlolwe, futhi kwatholakala ukuthi umucu owodwa wesigaba C wawuphukile.
■ Ukulinganisa i-transformer winding capacitance
Amandla okujika akhiwa ukuphenduka okuphendukayo, ungqimba kuya kungqimba kanye nekhekhe ku-capacitance yekhekhe kanye namandla asongayo. Lokhu capacitance ihlobene igebe phakathi windings kanye nensimbi core nomhlabathi, igebe phakathi windings kanye nensimbi core, igebe phakathi windings, igebe phakathi izingqimba kanye igebe phakathi amakhekhe. Uma ukujikajika kukhubazekile, ngokuvamile kuvame ukugoba ngendlela ethi "S", okuholela ebangeni elincane legebe phakathi kokusonga kanye nenkango yensimbi, kanye namandla amakhulu okujikela phansi. Igebe lincane, likhulu ushintsho lwekhono. Ngakho-ke, i-capacitance of the winding ingabonisa ngokungaqondile izinga lokuphenduka okumazombezombe.
■ Ukuhlola ngemva kokuphakamisa isembozo
Ngemuva kokulenga isembozo se-transformer, uma kutholakala ukuthi kukhona i-slag yethusi encibilikisiwe, i-aluminium slag noma izingcezu zephepha lekhebula eliphakeme kakhulu ngaphakathi kwe-transformer, kungagwetshwa ukuthi ukuvuthwa kuye kwabhekana nezinga elikhulu lokuguqulwa nokuphuka kwe-strand. . Ukwengeza, izinga lomonakalo wokusonta lingahlulelwa futhi kusukela ekususweni nasekuweni kwebhulokhi yomcamelo emazombezombe, indawo yepuleti lokucindezela, ukususwa kwephinikhodi yokucindezela, njll.
■ Ukuhlolwa kwe-iron core ne-clamp
I-iron core ye-transformer izoba namandla anele okusebenza, aqinisekiswa amandla azo zonke izingcezu zokubopha ku-iron core kanye nezixhumi zazo. Uma ukujikajika kukhiqiza amandla kagesi, amandla e-axial okumazombezo azosuswa amandla okusabela we-clamp. Uma amandla e-clamp kanye nepuleti yokudonsa engaphansi kwamandla e-axial, i-clamp, ipuleti lokudonsa kanye nokujikajika kuzolimala. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuhlola ngokucophelela isimo se-iron core, i-clamp, ipuleti lokudonsa nezixhumi zalo, futhi uhlole izimo ezilandelayo:
① Hlola ukuthi i-chip yejoka ku-iron core iya phezulu naphansi.
② Ukumelana nokufakwa kwe-insulation phakathi kwesikulufu esiwumgogodla wokubhoboza kanye ne-iron core kuzolinganiswa, ijakhethi eyisikulufu esibhobozayo izobhekwa umonakalo, futhi ipuleti lokudonsa nesixhumi sepuleti lokudonsa kuzobhekwa umonakalo.
③ Uma i-transformer ijikeleza kancane, kungase kube khona ukugudluka phakathi kwepuleti elicindezelayo kanye nocezu olubambayo, okungase kubangele ucezu lokuxhuma oluphansi lwepuleti lokucindezela kanye nejoka lensimbi elikuphini lokucindezela ukuthi likhishwe noma lishiswe yi-overcurrent. Ngakho-ke, ngepuleti lokucindezela elijikajikayo, ngaphezu kokuhlola umonakalo wephinikhodi nokucindezela ipuleti, hlola ukuthi ukuxhumana okuphansi phakathi kokusonta kanye nephinikhodi yokucindezela kanye nejoka eliphezulu kunokwethenjelwa yini.
■ Ukuhlaziywa kukawoyela we-transformer negesi
Ngemva kokuba i-transformer ihlushwa umthelela wesifunda esifushane, inani elikhulu legesi lingase liqongelela ku-relay yegesi. Ngakho-ke, ngemva kwengozi ye-transformer, igesi ekudluliseni kwegesi kanye namafutha aku-transformer ingathathwa ukuze kuhlaziywe amakhemikhali ukuze kwahlulele uhlobo lwengozi.
■ Izindaba ezidinga ukunakwa ekuphatheni iphutha le-transformer short circuit
(1) Qinisekisa ukusebenza kwezingxenye ezifaka i-insulating lapho ushintsha izingxenye zokuvikela
Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, ukusebenza kwezingxenye zokuvikela ezishintshiwe kuzohlolwa, futhi zingasetshenziswa kuphela ngemuva kokuhlangabezana nezidingo. Ukunakwa okukhethekile kuzokhokhwa ekufakweni kwe-wood block of support lead. I-wood block kufanele ifakwe kuwoyela we-thermal transformer cishe ku-80 ℃ isikhathi esithile ngaphambi kokufakwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-insulation ye-wood block.
(2) Ukuhlolwa kokufakwa kwe-transformer kuzokwenziwa ngemuva kokuthi i-transformer igcwaliswe ngamafutha futhi inganyakazi amahora angama-24
Njengoba ezinye izingxenye ze-insulating ezimanzi zizosakazeka endaweni yokuvikela ngemuva kokucwiliswa emafutheni ashisayo isikhathi eside, amaphutha okufakwa kwe-insulation ngeke abonakale ngemuva komjovo kawoyela. Isibonelo, ibhulokhi yokhuni yokusekela yebha yethusi engu-10 kV yashintshwa ohlangothini lukagesi oluphansi lwe-transformer engu-31.5 MVA 110 kV ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Ngemuva kokuthi i-transformer igcwaliswe ngamafutha, zonke izivivinyo zazijwayelekile. Ukumelana nokufakwa kwe-insulation ka-10 kV ohlangothini lwe-voltage ephansi ukuya kumongo wensimbi, i-clamp nomhlabathi kwehliswe kwaba cishe ku-1 M Ω. Ngemva kokuhlolwa kwesembozo esilengayo, kwatholakala ukuthi ukufakwa kwe-insulation of the support block block of 10kV copper bar kwakuphansi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa kwe-insulation kuzokwenziwa ngokuthembekile amahora angu-24 ngemva kokuba i-transformer isagcwele amafutha.
(3) Ukunakwa kuzokhokhwa emagumbini abukhali omgogodla wensimbi ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa kabusha
Lapho ufaka i-iron core emuva ejokeni, naka ekhoneni elibukhali le-chip core chip, futhi ulinganise ngesikhathi esifanele ukufakwa phakathi kwamapayipi kawoyela, ikakhulukazi ikhona elibukhali le-chip emhubheni kawoyela, ukuvimbela umgogodla wensimbi ukuthi ungangeni. isisekelo samaphuzu amaningi ngenxa ye-chip bonding. Isibonelo, ku-transformer engu-220kV eno-120MVA, lapho ishintsha indawo yokusonta ohlangothini lwe-voltage ephansi futhi ifaka kabusha ijoka, ukufakwa phakathi kwamashaneli kawoyela kukalwa ukuze kube ngu-0 ngemva kokufakwa ngenxa yokuthi ikhona elibukhali chip alizange libonwe ngesikhathi sokufakwa kabusha futhi. ukwahlukanisa phakathi kwemigudu kawoyela akuzange kulinganiswe ngesikhathi. Kuthathe isikhathi eside ukuthola ukuthi isiteshi sikawoyela sifinyezwe ekhoneni elicijile le-chip.
(4) Faka esikhundleni sezinto ezisongayo ngokumelana okuqinile kwesiyingi esifushane
Amandla omshini wokujikajika kwesiguquli sesakhiwo esithuthukisiwe anqunywa ikakhulukazi izici ezimbili ezilandelayo:
① Okokuqala, amandla omshini wokusonta anqunywa izici zesakhiwo sawo;
② Okwesibili amandla emishini anqunywa ukwesekwa okungaphakathi kobubanzi bohlangothi lokujikajika, ukwakheka kwe-axial compression yamajika, kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza amapuleti okudonsa nezinsimbi. Njengamanje, abakhiqizi abaningi be-transformer basebenzisa i-semi-hard copper wire noma i-self-adhesive transposed conductor ukuze bathuthukise ikhono le-anti short circuit of the winding ngokwalo, sebenzisa isilinda sekhadibhodi ngekhwalithi engcono noma ukwandisa inani lezinsimbi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhono le-winding ukumelana. amandla e-radial, futhi usebenzise amapuleti okudonsa noma izikhonkwane zasentwasahlobo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhono leqembu elijikajikayo ukumelana namandla e-axial.
Njengomnyango wezobuchwepheshe womkhiqizi wesiguquli samandla, ngesikhathi sokuboniswa kobuchwepheshe ngaphambi kokusayinwa kwenkontileka yokuthengisa ye-transformer kanye nokushintshwa kwamajika e-transformer, ikhono le-anti short circuit of the winding kufanele liphenywe ngokugcwele futhi linakwe ngokwanele.
(5) Ukomiswa kwe-transformer
Njengoba i-transformer idinga ukulungiswa isikhathi eside ngemuva kokuthintwa yisifunda esifushane, izinyathelo ezimbili zingathathwa ukuvimbela isiguquli ukuthi singabi manzi:
① Okokuqala, ngaphambi kokuphela komsebenzi wosuku ngalunye, i-transformer izombozwa, futhi iphampu yevacuum izosetshenziswa ukucofa isiguquli ukuze kukhishwe amanzi amahhala ebusweni bomzimba we-transformer. Lapho umsebenzi uqala ngakusasa, kuzosetshenziswa i-nitrogen eyomile noma umoya owomile ukuze kukhishwe ivacuum. Ngokuvamile, i-transformer ingafakwa ngokuqondile ekusebenzeni ngemva kwamahora angu-24 wokujikeleza kwamafutha ashisayo ngemva kokulungiswa.
② Okwesibili, ngemva kokuphothulwa komsebenzi nsuku zonke, izinyathelo zokuqinisekisa imvula zizothathwa ku-transformer. Ngemuva kokuthi umsebenzi usuqediwe, i-transformer izomiswa ngendlela yokufafaza ngamafutha ashisayo, ngokuvamile okuthatha izinsuku ezingu-7 kuya kweziyi-10.
(6) Ezinye izinyathelo zokuphepha
Ngemuva kokuthi i-transformer ibe nengozi yesifunda esifushane, ngaphezu kokuhlola i-transformer ngokusho kwezinto ezijwayelekile, uhlobo lwephutha luzokwahlulelwa futhi luhlaziywe ngokuhlanganisa imiphumela yokuhlolwa yamafutha e-transformer, igesi edluliselwe igesi, ukumelana ne-DC ejikajikayo, amandla okuqina kanye ukulinganisa ukuguquguquka okumazombezombe, kanye nokuguqulwa kwama-windings, ukugudluzwa nokuxega kwama-iron cores nama-clamps kuzobhekwa, bese kunqunywa uhlelo lokwelapha kanye nezinyathelo zokuvimbela ku-transformer. Lapho ukusonga kudinga ukushintshwa ngenxa yokuguqulwa okukhulu okubangelwa ingozi yesifunda esifushane se-transformer, ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe ekuhlanganiseni kabusha kwe-iron core chips, ukomiswa kwazo zonke izingxenye ze-insulating, ukwelashwa kwamafutha e-transformer kanye nokomisa jikelele kwe-transformer.
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