Izindlela zokubala zokulahlekelwa okuhlukahlukene kanye ne-impedance voltages yama-transformer

I-Transformer Loss Calculation Formula

(1) Ukuphelelwa amandla okusebenzayo: ΔP=Po+KT β2 Pk

(2) Ukulahleka kwamandla asebenzayo: ΔQ=Qo+KT β2 Qk

(3) Ukulahlekelwa kwamandla okuphelele: ΔPz=ΔP+KQΔQ

Qo≈Io%Sn, Qk≈Uk%Sn

Kuphi: I-Qo - ukulahleka kwamandla angasebenzi (kvar)

I-Po——akukho umthwalo (kW)

I-Pk——Ilinganiselwe ukulahlekelwa komthwalo (kW)

I-Sn - umthamo olinganiselwe we-transformer (kVA)

Uk%——iphesenti lamandla kagesi wesekethe emfushane

β——isici somthwalo, okuyisilinganiso somthwalo wamanje nowamanje olinganiselwe.

I-KT——i-coefficient yokulahlekelwa kokuguquguquka komthwalo

Qk——Isilinganiso sokuvuza kwamandla okuvuza (kvar)

I-KQ——isilinganiso esisebenzayo somnotho (kW/kvar)

Izimo zokukhetha zepharamitha ngayinye ekubalweni kwefomula engenhla:

(1) Thatha i-KT=1.05;

(2) Uma umthamo omncane wesistimu uthathelwa i-6kV~10kV yesiguquli sokuya phansi segridi yamandla asemadolobheni kanye negridi yamandla ebhizinisi lezimboni, amandla ayo asebenzayo alingana no-KQ=0.1kW/kvar;

(3) Isilinganiso somthwalo we-transformer ngu-β=20% kuma-transformer ezolimo; kumabhizinisi ezimboni, amashifu amathathu asetshenziswa, futhi u-β=75% uyafiseleka;

(4) Amahora okusebenza e-Transformer T = 8760h, amahora amaningi okulahlekelwa umthwalo: t = 5500h;

(5) Ukulahlekelwa kwe-Transformer akukho-load Po, ukulahlekelwa komthwalo okulinganiselwe Pk, Io%, Uk%, bona ulwazi lwefekthri yomkhiqizo.

Izici Zokulahleka Kwe-Transformer

I-Po - ukulahlekelwa komthwalo, ikakhulukazi ukulahlekelwa kwensimbi, kuhlanganise nokulahlekelwa kwe-hysteresis nokulahlekelwa kwamanje kwe-eddy;

Ukulahlekelwa kwe-hysteresis kuhambisana nemvamisa; ilingana namandla we-hysteresis coefficient of the maximum magnetic flux density.

Ukulahleka kwamanje kwe-eddy kuhambisana nomkhiqizo wokuvama, ukuminyana okukhulu kazibuthe, kanye nogqinsi lweshidi lensimbi ye-silicon.

I-Pc——Ukulahlekelwa komthwalo, ikakhulukazi ukulahlekelwa kokumelana lapho umthamo wamanje udlula endaweni ejikajikayo, ngokuvamile ebizwa ngokuthi ukulahlekelwa kwethusi. Ubukhulu bayo buyahlukahluka nomthwalo wamanje futhi bulingana nesikwele somthwalo wamanje; (futhi kuvezwe inani lokuguqulwa kwezinga lokushisa lekhoyili elijwayelekile).

Ukulahlekelwa komthwalo nakho kuthinteka ekushiseni kwe-transformer. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukugeleza kokuvuza okubangelwa umthamo wamanje kuzokhiqiza ukulahlekelwa kwamanje kwe-eddy ekulahlekeni okusongayo kanye nokuduka engxenyeni yensimbi ngaphandle kokusonteka.

Ukulahlekelwa okuphelele kwe-transformer ΔP=Po+Pc

Isilinganiso sokulahlekelwa kwe-Transformer = I-Pc / Po

Ukusebenza kahle kwe-transformer = Pz/(Pz+ΔP), kuvezwe njengephesenti; lapho i-Pz ingamandla okukhipha ohlangothini lwesibili lwe-transformer.

Ukubalwa Kokuguquguquka Kokulahlekelwa Ugesi

Ukulahlekelwa kwamandla kwe-transformer kuqukethe izingxenye ezimbili: ukulahlekelwa kwensimbi nokulahlekelwa kwethusi. Ukulahlekelwa kwensimbi kuhlobene nesikhathi sokugijima, futhi ukulahlekelwa kwethusi kuhlobene nomthwalo. Ngakho-ke, ukulahlekelwa kwamandla kufanele kubalwe ngokwehlukana.

1. Ukubalwa kukagesi wokulahlekelwa kwensimbi: Ugesi wokulahlekelwa kwensimbi wamamodeli namandla ahlukene, ifomula yokubala ithi: ugesi wokulahlekelwa kwensimbi (kWh) = ukulahlekelwa okungalayishi (kW) × isikhathi sokuphakelwa kwamandla (amahora)

Ukulahlekelwa okungenamthwalo (ukulahlekelwa kwensimbi) kwe-transformer yokusabalalisa kungabhekwa etafuleni elinamathiselwe, futhi isikhathi sokunikezwa kwamandla yisikhathi sangempela sokusebenza se-transformer, esinqunywa ngokuvumelana nemigomo elandelayo:

(1) Kubasebenzisi abanamandla kagesi aqhubekayo, inyanga yonke ibalwa njengamahora angama-720.

(2) Ngenxa yezizathu zegridi kagesi, ukuphakelwa kukagesi ngezikhathi ezithile noma ukuphakelwa kukagesi okulinganiselwe, ukubala kufanele kusekelwe emahoreni angempela okuphakelwa kukagesi esiteshini esinikezwa umsebenzisi, futhi angeke kuthathwe njengokulukhuni ukubala, futhi kusazobalwa. ngesisekelo sokusebenza kwezinyanga ezigcwele. Isikhathi kufanele sincishiswe lapho kubalwa ukulahleka kwensimbi.

(3) Abasebenzisi abahlonyiswe ngamawashi ahlanganisiwe ohlangothini lwe-low-voltage ye-transformer babalwa ngokuya kwesikhathi esiqoqiwe sokuphakelwa kwamandla samawashi ahlanganisiwe.

2. Ukubalwa kokulahlekelwa ugesi wethusi: lapho izinga lomthwalo lingama-40% nangaphansi, likhokhiswa njenge-2% yokusetshenziswa kukagesi kwanyanga zonke (ngokusekelwe ekufundeni imitha yamandla kagesi). Ifomula yokubala ithi: ugesi wokulahlekelwa kwethusi (kWh) = ukusetshenziswa kukagesi kwanyanga zonke Inani (kWh) × 2%

Ngenxa yokuthi ukulahlekelwa kwethusi kuhlobene nomthwalo wamanje (ugesi), lapho isilinganiso sokulayisha isilinganiso sanyanga zonke se-transformer yokusabalalisa sidlula ama-40%, amandla okulahlekelwa kwethusi kufanele akhokhiswe ku-3% wokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwanyanga zonke. Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwanyanga zonke uma izinga lomthwalo lingama-40% lingabhekwa kuthebula elinamathiselwe. Ifomula yokubala izinga lokulayisha ithi: isilinganiso somthwalo = amandla wokukopisha/S. T. Ngoba ￠

Kufomula: S - umthamo olinganiselwe we-transformer yokusabalalisa (kVA); T - isikhathi sekhalenda senyanga yonke, thatha amahora angama-720; I-COS￠ - isici samandla, thatha i-0.80.

Ukulahlekelwa okuguquguqukayo kwe-transformer yamandla kungahlukaniswa ukulahlekelwa kwethusi nokulahlekelwa kwensimbi. Ukulahlekelwa kwethusi ngokuvamile kungu-0.5%. Ukulahleka kwe-ayoni ngokuvamile kungu-5~7%. Ukulahlekelwa koshintsho lwe-transformer yohlobo olomile kuncane kunohlobo lokuhlasela kwamafutha. Ukulahlekelwa okuphelele: 0.5+6=6.5 Indlela yokubala: 1000KVA×6.5%=65KVA

65KVA × amahora angu-24 × izinsuku ezingu-365 = 569400KWT (amadigri)

I-nameplate ku-transformer inedatha ethile.

Ukulahlekelwa kwe-Transformer akukho-load

Ukulahlekelwa okungenamthwalo kubhekisela emandleni amuncwa i-transformer lapho uhlangothi lwesibili lwe-transformer luvulekile futhi i-sine wave voltage yohlangothi oluyinhloko ilingana ne-voltage elinganiselwe. Ngokuvamile, imvamisa elinganiselwe kuphela kanye ne-voltage elinganiselwe kunakwayo kuphela, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi i-voltage ethephayo kanye ne-voltage waveform, ukunemba kwesistimu yokulinganisa, amathuluzi okuhlola nemishini yokuhlola akunakwa. Inani elibaliwe, inani elijwayelekile, inani elilinganiselwe, kanye nevelu eqinisekisiwe yokulahlekelwa kuyaphinda kuphinde kudideke.

Uma i-voltage yengezwa ohlangothini oluyinhloko futhi kukhona umpompi, uma i-transformer ingumthethonqubo we-voltage we-magnetic flux, i-voltage esetshenzisiwe kufanele ibe i-voltage yompompi yendawo yompompi ehambisana nokunikezwa kwamandla. Endabeni yokulawulwa kwamandla kagesi kazibuthe, ngenxa yokuthi ukulahlekelwa okungenamthwalo kuhlukile endaweni ngayinye kampompi, indawo efanele kampompi kufanele ikhethwe ngokuya ngezidingo zobuchwepheshe, futhi kusetshenziswe i-voltage elinganiselwe eshiwo, ngoba ngesikhathi sokuguquguquka kazibuthe. ukulawulwa kwamandla kagesi, Uhlangothi oluyinhloko luhlala lusebenzisa i-voltage endaweni ngayinye kampompi.

Ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukuthi i-waveform ye-voltage esetshenzisiwe kufanele ibe cishe i-sinusoidal. Ngakho-ke, enye iwukusebenzisa i-harmonic analyzer ukukala izingxenye ze-harmonic eziqukethwe ku-voltage waveform, kanti enye iwukusebenzisa indlela elula yokukala i-voltage nge-voltmeter eyisilinganiso, kodwa isikali siyi-voltmeter yenani eliphumelelayo, futhi usiqhathanise. ngenani elisebenzayo lokufunda i-voltmeter ye-voltmeter, lapho umehluko phakathi kwakho kokubili ungaphezu kuka-3%, kusho ukuthi i-voltage waveform ayiyona igagasi le-sine, futhi ukulahlekelwa okulinganiselwe okungenamthwalo kufanele kungavumelekile ngokuvumelana nezimfuneko zezinga elisha.

Ngohlelo lokulinganisa, kuyadingeka ukukhetha umugqa wokuhlola ofanele, ukhethe imishini yokuhlola efanele kanye nezinsimbi. Ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezikwazi ukungena ngozibuthe, amanzi alahlekile ngekhilogremu anciphe kakhulu. Abakhiqizi basebenzisa amashidi ensimbi ye-silicon egxile kokusanhlamvu esezingeni eliphezulu noma ama-alloys angama-amorphous njengezinto ezingeneka ngozibuthe. Azikho izimbobo emthungo nasemithambekeni egcwele, futhi ubuchwepheshe bokungapakishi ijoka lensimbi kwamukelwa kule nqubo. Abakhiqizi bathuthukisa ama-transformers aphansi, ikakhulukazi ukulahlekelwa okungekho umthwalo kuye kwancishiswa kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, izidingo ezintsha zibekwe ohlelweni lokulinganisa. Umthamo uhlala ufana, futhi ukwehla kokulahlekelwa okungekho mthwalo kusho ukuthi isici samandla se-transformer siyancipha lapho kungekho-load. Isici samandla esincane sidinga ukuthi umenzi aguqule futhi aguqule uhlelo lokulinganisa. Kutuswa ukusebenzisa indlela yama-wattmeter amathathu yokulinganisa, khetha i-transformer yeklasi engu-0.05-0.1, bese ukhetha i-wattmeter enesici samandla aphansi. Kungale ndlela kuphela lapho ukunemba kokulinganisa kungaqinisekiswa khona. Uma isici samandla singu-0.01, umehluko wesigaba se-transformer uzodala iphutha lamandla elingu-2.9% uma umehluko wesigaba uyiminithi elingu-1. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukukhetha kahle isilinganiso samanje kanye nesilinganiso se-voltage ye-transformer yamanje kanye ne-voltage transformer ngesikhathi sokulinganisa kwangempela. Lapho i-current yangempela incane kakhulu kuneyamanje exhunywe ku-transformer yamanje, umehluko omkhulu wesigaba kanye nephutha lamanje le-transformer yamanje, lokhu kuzoholela ephutha elikhulu emiphumeleni yokulinganisa yangempela. Ngakho-ke, okwamanje okudonswa yi-transformer kufanele kube eduze nenani elilinganiselwe le-transformer yamanje. okwamanje.

Ukwengeza, ekwakhiweni, ngokwezinqubo ezinqunyiwe, ukulahlekelwa okungekho umthwalo obalwa ngokubhekisela ekulahlekelweni kweyunithi kanye nenqubo ye-coefficient yeshidi lensimbi ye-silicon ekhethiwe ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi inani elibaliwe. Leli nani kufanele liqhathaniswe nevelu esezingeni elishiwo esilinganisweni noma nevelu elijwayelekile noma inani eliqinisekisiwe elishiwo kunkontileka. Inani elibaliwe kufanele libe ngaphansi kwevelu elijwayelekile noma inani eliqinisekisiwe, futhi asikho isikhala sokubala, ikakhulukazi kuma-transformer akhiqizwe ngenqwaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani elibaliwe lisebenza kuphela kumklami noma umnyango wokuklama, futhi alinawo umthelela wezomthetho. Inani elibaliwe alikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukwahlulela izinga lokulahlekelwa lomkhiqizo. Inani elijwayelekile elishiwo esilinganisweni noma inani eliqinisekisiwe elishiwo kunkontileka lisebenza ngokusemthethweni. Imikhiqizo eyeqa inani elijwayelekile kanye nokuchezuka okuvunyelwe, noma inani eliqinisekisiwe (inani eliqinisekisiwe lilingana nenani elijwayelekile kanye nokuchezuka okuvunyelwe) imikhiqizo engafanelekile. Uma kukhona uhlelo lokuhlola ukulahlekelwa, ngokuvamile luzovezwa kunkontileka, ikakhulukazi emikhiqizweni ethekelisa ngaphandle, uma inani lokulahlekelwa lidlula inani elishiwo, inhlawulo izokhishwa, futhi inhlawulo yokulahlekelwa okungenamthwalo iphezulu kakhulu. Ukuze uthole amanani okuhlola ukulahlekelwa kwamazwe aseYurophu, sicela ubheke kumagazini we-11 we-"Transformer" ngo-1994. Izinkulungwane zamaRandi inhlawulo nge-kilowatt ngayinye. Lona umphumela wezomthetho futhi uxhumene ngqo nezinzuzo zezomnotho.

Umqondo yenani elilinganisiwe kufanele futhi uqondwe ngendlela efanele, ukufundwa kwemitha ehlangene (noma ukufundwa kwesiguquli samandla) noma inani elilinganisiwe kufanele liguqulelwe esimweni esilinganisiwe, futhi kufanele kube nokunemba okwanele. Ngevelu elinganisiwe yokungalahleki komthwalo, ikakhulukazi ukuthi i-voltage waveform yokuphakelwa kwamandla kufanele ibe igagasi le-sine, futhi umehluko phakathi kokufundwa kwe-voltmeter okumaphakathi kanye nenani elisebenzayo lokufunda i-voltage lingaphansi kuka-3%.

Ukubalwa kokulahlekelwa okungalayishiwe, ukulahleka komthwalo kanye ne-impedance voltage

Ukulahlekelwa okungenamthwalo: Uma ukuvuthwa kwesibili kwe-transformer kuvuliwe futhi ukuvuthwa okuyinhloko kusetshenziswa nge-voltage elinganiselwe ye-waveform ye-sinusoidal waveform, amandla asebenzayo asetshenzisiwe abizwa ngokuthi ukulahlekelwa okungalayishiwe. I-algorithm imi kanje: akukho ukulahlekelwa komthwalo = i-coefficient yenqubo yokulahlekelwa komthwalo × ukulahlekelwa kweyunithi × umnyombo

Ukulahleka komthwalo: Uma ukusonga kwesibili kwe-transformer kukujikeleza kancane (isimo esizinzile), amandla asebenzayo asetshenziswa lapho ukusonga okuyinhloko kugeleza kumanje olinganiselwe kubizwa ngokuthi ukulahlekelwa komthwalo.

I-algorithm imi kanje: ukulahlekelwa umthwalo = ukulahlekelwa kokumelana kwe-pair of windings enkulu kakhulu + ukulahlekelwa okwengeziwe

Ukulahlekelwa okwengeziwe = ukulahleka kwamanje kwe-eddy ephendukayo + ukulahleka kokujikeleza kocingo oluhambisanayo + ukulahleka okulahlekile + ukulahleka komthofu

I-Impedance voltage: Uma ukuvuthwa kwesibili kwe-transformer kune-circuited (isimo esizinzile), i-voltage esetshenziswa amandla amanje alinganisiwe ageleza endaweni eyinhloko ibizwa ngokuthi i-impedance voltage Uz. U-Uz ngokuvamile uvezwa njengephesenti le-voltage elinganiselwe, okungukuthi, uz=(Uz/U1n)*100%

Amandla okujika: u=4.44*f*B*Ku,V

Phakathi kwazo: I-B—magnetic density ku-iron core, i-TAt—indawo esebenzayo ye-iron core, imitha yesikwele

Ingaguqulwa ibe ifomula evame ukusetshenziswa yokubala ukwakheka kwe-transformer:

Lapho f=50Hz: u=B*Ku/450*10^5, V

Lapho f=60Hz: u=B*Ku/375*10^5, V

Uma usuwazi kakade ama-voltage esigaba kanye nenani lokujika, amandla okujika abalwa ngokuhlukanisa i-voltage yesigaba ngenani lokujika.

Ukulahlekelwa okungenamthwalo kuhlanganisa i-hysteresis kanye nokulahlekelwa kwamanje kwe-eddy ku-iron core kanye nokulahlekelwa kwamandla amanje ongalayishi kumakhoyili ayisisekelo. Olokuqala lubizwa ngokuthi ukulahlekelwa yinsimbi kanti lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukulahlekelwa kwethusi. Njengoba i-no-load current incane kakhulu, le yokugcina inganakwa, ngakho-ke ukulahlekelwa okungenamthwalo ngokuyisisekelo ukulahlekelwa kwensimbi.

Kunezici eziningi ezithinta ukulahlekelwa okungekho umthwalo kanye nokulahlekelwa kwensimbi ye-transformer, evezwe kumafomula ezibalo. Kufomula, i-Pn ne-Pw—imele ukulahleka kwe-hysteresis kanye nokulahlekelwa kwamanje kwe-eddy kn, kw—okuqhubekayo

f - imvamisa ye-Hertz ye-voltage esetshenzisiwe ye-transformer

Bm——Ubukhulu obukhulu buguquguquka obunguzibuthe ubuningi be-Wei/m2 kumongo wensimbi

n——Steinmetz njalo. Kumashidi ensimbi e-silicon avame ukusetshenziswa, lapho Bm=(1.0～1.6) Wei/m2, n≈2. Kumashidi ensimbi e-silicon asetshenziswa njengamanje, thatha i-2.5 ~ 3. 5.

Ngokohlaziyo lwethiyori yesiguquli, kucatshangwa ukuthi amandla atholwe ayinhloko yi-E1 (ama-volts), bese: E1=KfBm (2)

I-K iyi-proportional constant, enqunywa inombolo yokujika okuyinhloko kanye nendawo enqamula ingxenye yensimbi, ngakho-ke ukulahlekelwa kwensimbi kungukuthi:

Njengoba ukwehla kwe-voltage okuvuza okuyinhloko kukuncane kakhulu, uma kunganakwa,

E1=U1(4)

Kungabonakala ukuthi ukulahlekelwa kwensimbi engenamthwalo we-transformer kunobudlelwane obukhulu ne-voltage esetshenzisiwe. Uma i-voltage V iyinani elithile, ukulahlekelwa kwensimbi engenamthwalo we-transformer ngeke kushintshe (ngoba f ayishintshi), futhi ngenxa yokuthi U1=U1N ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile, ngakho-ke ukulahlekelwa kwe-No-load kubizwa nangokuthi ukulahlekelwa njalo. Uma i-voltage ishintshashintsha, ukulahlekelwa okungalayishiwe kuyahlukahluka. Ukulahlekelwa kwensimbi ye-transformer kuhlobene nenqubo yezinto eziyinhloko kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza, futhi akuhlangene nomthwalo.

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