Iphepha elichaza ukumodela nokuhlaziywa kwesici sama-transformer

5.1 Isimiso esiyisisekelo sokusebenza kanye nesakhiwo se-transformer

5.1.1 Umgomo oyisisekelo wokusebenza kwe-transformer

I-Transformer inomphumela wokuvimba we-DC

Uma i-flux kazibuthe eyinhloko ishintsha ngokomthetho we-sine, okungukuthi, φ(t)=φ.sinot, khona-ke umzimba ngamunye

Inani elisebenzayo lenani lanelisa ubudlelwano obulandelayo:

Ukuziba ukumelana namajika kanye nokulahlekelwa okuyisisekelo, amandla ayisisekelo nawesibili ayalondolozwa, kanjena:

kanjalo babe

Isilinganiso sokuphenduka noma ukuphenduka kwesilinganiso se-transformer,

yithi amandla abonakalayo.

Kungabonakala ukuthi i-transformer ibona ukuguqulwa kwamanje ngenkathi ibona ukuguqulwa kwe-voltage. futhi,

I-transformer ingakwazi futhi ukubona umsebenzi wokuguqulwa kwe-impedance.

I-impedance yomthwalo ohlangothini lwesibili yile:

Uma ubheka i-ZI ohlangothini oluyinhloko, ubukhulu bayo buyi:

Isakhiwo se-transformer yesigaba esisodwa

1- Ikholomu engumongo 2- Ijoka lensimbi 3- - Ukuvunguza kwamandla kagesi aphezulu 4- ~ Ukushona kukagesi okuphansi

Isakhiwo se-transformer yezigaba ezintathu

Ompompi be-high voltage windings yama-transformer ezigaba ezintathu

1-Ikholomu yensimbi engu-2-Ijoka lensimbi

3- low voltage winding 4- - high voltage winding

1- I-Nameplate 2- I-Thermometer 3- Isibambisi somswakama 4- Isilinganisi sezinga likawoyela 5- Isilondolozi sikawoyela 6- Indawo yokuphepha yomoya 7- Ukudluliselwa kwegesi 8- Ipayipi likawoyela elinengcindezi ephezulu

9 ipayipi likawoyela elinengcindezi ephansi 10 - inkinobho kampompi 11 - ithangi likaphethiloli core 12 - ivalvu yokukhipha uwoyela 13 - ikhoyili 14 - ipuleti eliphansi 15 - - trolley

5.2 Izilinganiso ze-Transformer

➢ Umthamo olinganiselwe noma umthamo obonakalayo Sn;

➢ I-voltage elinganiselwe Un

Ikalwe okwamanje Iv;

➢Ikalwe imvamisa fn;

➢Kukalwe ukusebenza kahle ηn ;

Kokubili i-voltage elinganiselwe kanye neyamanje elinganiselwe ibhekisela enani lomugqa (okungukuthi ulayini we-voltage noma wamanje womugqa)

Ubudlelwano obulandelayo bukhona phakathi kwedatha elinganiselwe:

Kufomula, u-m umelela inani lezigaba ze-transformer;

I-U1Nφ ne-I1Nφ imelela amanani esigaba sevoltheji elinganiselwe kanye nesilinganiso samanje, ngokulandelanayo.

Okweziguquli zesigaba esisodwa:

Okwama-transformer ezigaba ezintathu:

5.3 Ukuhlaziywa kokusebenza okungalayishiwe kwama-transformer

incazelo:

I-no-load ye-transformer ibhekisela esimweni sokusebenza lapho ukuvuthwa okuyinhloko kusetshenziswa khona nge-voltage ye-AC futhi ukuvuthwa kwesibili kuvuliwe, okungukuthi, uhlangothi lwesibili luvulekile (okungukuthi, okwamanje ngu-zero).

5.3.1 Ubudlelwano be-electromagnetic bama-transformer ngesikhathi sokusebenza okungalayishiwe

Ibhalwe ngefomu le-phasor kanje:

Ekuphetheni:

Ubukhulu bamandla akhangwa ekujikeni buyalingana nemvamisa, inani lokuphenduka okumazombezombe kanye ne-amplitude ye-flux kazibuthe; esigabeni, amandla akhangwe ku-transformer mawinding abambezeleka ngemuva kwe-flux kazibuthe eyinhloko.

Lapho i-voltage elinganisiwe isetshenziselwa ukuvuthwa okuyisisekelo, i-voltage evulekile-circuit ye-winging yesibili ichazwa njenge-voltage elinganiselwe yohlangothi lwesibili, okungukuthi ngale ndlela, isilinganiso sokuguqulwa kwe-transformer singatholakala njenge:

5.3.2 Ilingana namapharamitha kagesi wesekethe kazibuthe

Umbono oyisisekelo:

Inkinga ye-magnetic circuit ehilelekile ku-transformer iguqulwa ibe yinkinga yesifunda, bese i-transformer ibalwa ngokusho kwe-circuit theory ehlanganisiwe.

Ukuvuza kwe-flux:

Bese u-X1δ noma i-L1δ, ingasetshenziswa ukukhombisa ukuvuza kwesekethe kazibuthe. (njengoba njalo, ngani?)

Ngokushintshashintsha okuyinhloko:

Okokuqala, umqondo we-sine wave current olinganayo uyethulwa, futhi i-non-sinusoidal no-load current ithathelwa indawo yi-sine wave current efanayo.

(a) Umdwebo we-Phasor              (b) Isekhethi efanayo           (c) Isekhethi efanayo

nge-transformer efanelekile:

5.3.3 I-equation yebhalansi ye-voltage engekho umthwalo, umdwebo wephasor kanye nomdwebo wesekethe olinganayo we-transformer

Ekuphetheni:

Isici samandla sohlangothi oluyinhloko siphansi uma i-transformer isebenza ngaphandle komthwalo. ngakho-ke,

Ama-transformer ngokuvamile awavumeli ukusebenza okungalayishi noma ukulayishwa kancane.

5.4 Ukuhlaziywa kokusebenza komthwalo we-transformer

Ngemuva kokuthi i-transformer ilayishiwe, okwamanje ohlangothini lwesibili akuseyona i-zero, okuholela ekushintsheni kwenqubo ye-electromagnetic ngaphakathi komgogodla.

5.4.1 I-equation yebhalansi yamandla kazibuthe lapho i-transformer ingaphansi komthwalo

5.4.1 I-equation yebhalansi yamandla kazibuthe lapho i-transformer ingaphansi komthwalo

Akukho-mthwalo/umthwalo

Ifomula engenhla ingaqondwa ngokuthi: Njengoba umthamo wamanje ukhula, amandla kazibuthe ahambisanayo (noma amanje) kufanele anyuswe ohlangothini oluyinhloko ukuze kuncishiswe amandla kazibuthe ohlangothini lwesibili, ukuze kugcinwe ukuguquguquka kazibuthe noma amandla kazibuthe angaguquki nhlobo. -layisha. Ngakho kukhona:

Ekuphetheni:

Ngemuva kokuthi i-transformer ilayishiwe, ukwanda kwamanje ohlangothini oluyinhloko. Umthwalo omkhulu (owamanje) odingekayo ohlangothini lwesibili, mkhulu owamanje ohlinzekwa ohlangothini oluyinhloko. Okusho ukuthi, i-transformer ingabhekwa njengebhalansi phakathi kokunikezwa nokufunwa.

5.4.2 Amapharamitha kagesi alinganayo wesekethe kazibuthe yokuvuza yesibili ngemva kokulayishwa kwe-transformer

I-X₂δ noma i-Ḯ₂ ingasetshenziswa ukukhombisa isimo sokuvuza kohlangothi lwesibili lwesekethi kazibuthe.

5.4.3 Ubudlelwano be-electromagnetic lapho i-transformer ingaphansi komthwalo

5.5 Izibalo eziyisisekelo, amasekhethi alinganayo kanye nemidwebo ye-phasor yama-transformer

5.5.1 I-equation eyisisekelo ye-transformer ilingana nokuhlaziya okuhlukahlukene namapharamitha esigabeni sangaphambilini, kanye nesigaba.

Izibalo Eziyisisekelo Ze-Transformer Efomini Lokulinganisa

5.5.2 Isekhethi elinganayo yokusebenza komthwalo we-transformer

Ngokusho kwezibalo eziyisisekelo zangaphambilini, ukuhlaziywa okuhlukahlukene nokubala kwe-transformer kungenziwa, kodwa izibalo zinzima kakhulu. Kubunjiniyela, imvamisa iguqulwa ibe yisekethe efanayo ukuze ingene esikhundleni se-transformer yangempela.

Izinhlangothi eziyinhloko nesesibili zesekethe elinganayo zizimele ngogesi. Ukuze kube lula ukubala, inani lokujika kwamajika ohlangothini lwesibili ngokuvamile likhuphuka lisuka ku-N liye ku-1, ukuze inani elibonakalayo ngalinye ohlangothini lwesibili lishintshe ngokufanele. Le nqubo ibizwa nangokuthi ukuguqulwa.

Umgomo wokuguqulwa:

Ngaphambi nangemva kokuguqulwa, ubudlelwano be-electromagnetic kufanele bugcinwe bungashintshiwe, okungukuthi:

(1) Amandla kazibuthe ngaphambi nangemuva kokuguqulwa kufanele ahlale engashintshile;

(2) Amandla kagesi kanye nokulahlekelwa ngaphambi nangemva kokuguqulwa kufanele kuhlale kungashintshiwe.

(1) Ukuguqulwa kwamandla kagesi (guqula u-E ₁ufane no-E₂)

(2) Ukuguqulwa kwamanje (ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amandla kazibuthe ahlala engashintshiwe)

(3) Ukuguqulwa kwe-impedance (ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ubudlelwano bokudluliswa kwamandla buhlala bungashintshile, okuhlanganisa namandla asebenzayo nasebenzayo)

Amandla Asebenzayo    

Amandla Asebenzayo

5.5.3 Umdwebo we-phasor lapho i-transformer ingaphansi komthwalo Umdwebo we-phasor awubonisi nje kuphela ubudlelwane be-electromagnetic we-transformer, kodwa futhi ungabona ngokunembile ubukhulu kanye nobudlelwano besigaba sobuningi bomzimba ngamunye ku-transformer.

Ngokucabanga ukuthi imingcele yesifunda iyaziwa, futhi ubukhulu nesigaba somthwalo kunikezwa, umdwebo we-phasor ungadwetshwa ngokwezinyathelo eziningana.

Ekuphetheni:

Ngemuva kokuthi i-transformer ilayishiwe, i-angle yesici samandla ohlangothini oluyinhloko iyancishiswa, futhi isici samandla siyathuthukiswa.

5.6 Ukuhlolwa nokulinganisa amapharamitha wesifunda esilinganayo se-transformer Isifunda esilinganayo singasetshenziswa ukuhlaziya ukusebenza kokusebenza kwe-transformer. Okokuqala, amapharamitha kusekethe efanayo kufanele aziwe.

Ukuhlolwa okungalayishi -> ukuguqulwa kwesilinganiso k, i-excitation impedance

Ukuhlolwa kwesifunda esifushane → i-impedance yesifunda esifushane

5.7 Ukubalwa kwezici zokusebenza kwezimo eziqinile zama-transformer

5.7.1 Izici zangaphandle nezinga lokushintsha kwamandla kagesi wama-transformer

Incazelo yezici zangaphandle (ebonisa ikhwalithi yokunikezwa kwamandla we-transformer emthwalweni)

Ijika lobudlelwane phakathi kwe-voltage yokugcina yohlangothi lwesibili lwe-transformer kanye nomthwalo wamanje wohlangothi lwesibili ngaphansi kwemibandela ye-voltage yokunikezwa kwamandla okulinganiselwe kanye nento ethile yamandla omthwalo.

Izici ezijwayelekile zangaphandle zama-transformer ngaphansi kwemithwalo ehlukahlukene

Incazelo Yezinga Lokushintsha Kwe-Voltage:

Ngaphansi kwesimo sevoltheji kagesi elinganiselwe kanye nesici esithile samandla okulayisha, iphesenti le-voltage yetheminali eseceleni yesibili iyashintsha ukusuka ekungalayithweni ukuya kumthwalo olinganiselwe, okungukuthi:

∆u

Izici zangaphakathi: xᶄ, rᶄ → imingcele yesakhiwo se-transformer

Izici zangaphandle: i-cosφ2, β-→ ethize yokulayisha, usayizi womthwalo

Ingxoxo: I-transformer ngokuvamile ithi rᶄ: incane kakhulu kune-xᶄ sicela ubhekisele kuSibonelo (5-1)

◆Ngomthwalo omsulwa ophikisayo, i-cosφ2=1, sinφ2=0, ngakho-ke u-∆u mncane;

◆Okwemithwalo ye-inductive,

 cosφ2>0, isonoφ2>0, ngakho ∆u>0,

okungukuthi, ngokwanda komthwalo wamanje, i-voltage ohlangothini lwesibili iyancipha kakhulu;

◆Ngomthwalo we-capacitive, i-cosφ2>0, isonoφ2<0, uma |rᶄ cosφ2|<| xᶄ sinφ2|,Bese ∆u<0,

okubonisa ukuthi ngokwanda komthwalo wamanje we-I2, i-voltage ohlangothini lwesibili ingaba

angavuka.

Ukusetshenziswa komthwalo we-capacitive ku-voltage yesibili yokugcina ye-transformer:

(1) Nxephezela amandla asebenzayo, uthuthukise isici samandla, futhi unciphise ukulahleka kolayini

(2) Khulisa ugesi wegridi yamandla wefekthri ukuze uxazulule inkinga yomthwalo wefekthri osindayo kanye nokwehla kwamandla kagesi wegridi yamandla

5.7.2 Izici zokuphumelela zama-transformer.

Ukusebenza kahle kwe-transformer kuchazwa ngokuthi:

Izici ezithonya ze-η

Izici zangaphakathi: amapharamitha esakhiwo se-transformer njenge-excitation namapharamitha we-short-circuit

Izici zangaphandle: cosφ2, β imvelo yomthwalo, usayizi womthwalo

Isici sokusebenza kahle sichazwa ngokuthi:

Ngaphansi kwesimo se-voltage elinganiselwe kanye nesici esithile samandla okulayisha,

η= f(I2)

(noma = f(β) ).

Ukusebenza okulinganiselwe kwe-transformer ngokuvamile kuphezulu

Iningi lazo lingaphezulu kwama-95%, futhi ama-transformer amakhulu angafinyelela ku-99%. Injini ye-AC inengxenye ejikelezayo, ukusebenza kahle kuphansi.

Xazulula ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kwe-transformer:

5.8 Izinkinga Ezikhethekile Zokushintshashintsha Kwezigaba Ezintathu

Izahluko zangaphambilini zithathe i-transformer yesigaba esisodwa njengesibonelo sokufunda izilinganiso eziyisisekelo, izifunda ezilinganayo nezindlela zokubala zokusebenza ze-transformer, ezisebenza futhi kuma-transformers ezigaba ezintathu.

Ama-transformer ezigaba ezintathu nawo anezinkinga zawo ezikhethekile:

➢Indlela yokuxhuma

➢Isakhiwo sesekhethi kaMagnetic

5.8.1 Indlela yokuxhuma kanye neqembu lokuxhuma le-transformer yezigaba ezintathu

(1) Indlela yokuxhuma

(a) inkanyezi uxhumano                           (b) uxhumano lwe-delta

Umthethonqubo:

Osonhlamvukazi (A, B, C, N) bamele isikwele sokuqala;

izinhlamvu ezincane (x, y, z,n) egameni leqembu elikhokhayo;

(2) Ukuxhumanisa amaqembu

Kuma-transformer ezigaba ezintathu, amaqembu ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukumela umehluko wesigaba phakathi kwama-voltage ayisisekelo nawesibili we-transformer yezigaba ezintathu: θ=(EABEab), okuyi-multiple ka-30°, ncamashi phakathi kwamahora asebusweni bewashi. Ngakho-ke, ubudlelwane besigaba phakathi kwamandla aphezulu naphansi wezintambo ezivunguzayo ze-transformer yezigaba ezintathu ngokuvamile zivezwa "ngophawu lwewashi", okungukuthi, inombolo yeqembu.

Indlela yokunquma iqembu:

Sebenzisa i-EAB enamandla yomugqa wohlangothi oluphezulu njengesandla eside, ekhomba amandla olayini ohlangothi oluphansi "12" ebusweni bewashi.

I-Eab iyinaliti emfushane, futhi inombolo ekhomba kuyo inombolo yeqembu lokuxhuma le-transformer yezigaba ezintathu.

A. Iqembu lokuxhuma le-single-phase transformer

Umqondo wegama elifanayo:

Lapho inkaba yensimbi efanayo ilinyazwa ngamakhoyili amabili, ukuze kubonakale amakhoyili amabili enkabeni yensimbi efanayo

Ubudlelwano besiqondiso esimazombezombe phakathi kwamakhoyili buvamise ukwethula umqondo wokuthi "ukuphela kwegama elifanayo".

Uhlangothi olufanayo lwegama lithi:

Amakhoyili amabili kumongo ofanayo axhunywe yi-flux kazibuthe efanayo. Lapho i-flux kazibuthe ishintshana, uma amandla asheshayo abangelwa enye ingxenye yekhoyili ephozithivu uma kuqhathaniswa nesinye isiphetho sekhoyili efanayo, amatheminali amabili anephozithivu athi Itheminali yegama elifanayo, elimelelwa ngokuthi " *",

       (a) Ijika ibheke ohlangothini olufanayo                          (b) Ukujikela kwelinye icala

Kuma-single-phase transformers, isiphetho sekhanda se-high-voltage winding siphawulwe ngokuthi A futhi isiphetho somsila simakwe X; ingxenye eyinhloko ye-low-voltage winding imakwe u-a kanye nomsila imakwe u-X.

Umthethonqubo:

Isiqondiso esihle samandla sisuka ekupheleni kwekhanda kuya ekugcineni komsila.

Ku-transformer, isiphetho esinegama elifanayo singasetshenziswa njengesiphetho sekhanda, noma isiphetho esinegama elifanayo singasetshenziswa njengesiphetho sekhanda. Izibalo u-a no-b ngezansi zibonisa ubudlelwano besigaba phakathi kwamandla ayinhloko nawesibili kulezi zimo ezimbili, ngokulandelana.

(a) Isiphetho esinegama elifanayo simakwe njengesiphetho sekhanda                (b) Isiphetho esinegama elifanayo simakwa njengesiphetho sekhanda

Uma indlela yokuhlonza lapho isiphetho esinegama elifanayo simakwe njengenhloko yekhanda yamukelwa (bheka Umfanekiso a), iqembu labaguquli besigaba esisodwa I, i0; ngoba mina, i6.

B. Iqembu lokuxhuma le-transformer yezigaba ezintathu

Ngobudlelwane besigaba phakathi kwamandla ayisisekelo kanye nesibili we-transformer yesigaba esisodwa (noma amandla esigaba sokuqala nesesibili se-transformer yesigaba ezintathu), ubuhlobo besigaba phakathi kwamandla ayisisekelo kanye nesibili we-transformer yesigaba ezintathu bungaqhubeka. kunqunywa, okungukuthi, iqembu lokuxhuma.

(1) Uxhumano lwe-Y/Y i-transformer yezigaba ezintathu

(2) Y/△ uxhumano lwe-transformer yezigaba ezintathu

Izinyathelo ezijwayelekile zokunquma iqembu le-transformer lezigaba ezintathu:

(1) Dweba umdwebo wephasor ongase ube khona wokujikajika ohlangothini olunogesi ophezulu;

(2) Qondanisa iphoyinti u-a nephoyinti A, bese udweba amandla esigaba sembazo ejikajikayo ene-voltage ephansi ngokuvumelana nobudlelwano besigaba phakathi kwamawindi aphakeme naphansi kwe-voltage kukholomu yomgogodla ofanayo.

(3) Ngokwendlela yokufaka izintambo yokumangeleka kwe-voltage ephansi, dweba umdwebo ongase ube khona we-phasor wezinye izigaba ezimbili zamajika ama-low-voltage;

(4) Thola u-EB no-E emidwebeni ye-phasor engaba khona yama-winding voltage aphezulu naphansi. phakathi

Ubuhlobo besigaba se-transformer yesigaba sesithathu butholakala, futhi inombolo yeqembu lokuxhuma le-transformer yesigaba ezintathu iyatholakala.

Y/Y,△/△ iqembu elilinganayo

Y/△,Y/△ amalungu afanayo angalingani

Kunamaqembu amahlanu okujoyina ajwayelekile asetshenziswa:

Y, yn0, Y, d11, YN, d11, YN, y0, Y, y0, ezintathu zokuqala yizona ezisetshenziswa kakhulu.

5.8.2 Isakhiwo sesekhethi samagnetic se-transformer yezigaba ezintathu

Izici zabaguquli beqembu lezigaba ezintathu: izifunda zamagnetic zesigaba ngasinye zizimele komunye nomunye.

Izici ze-three-phase core transformer: izifunda kazibuthe zesigaba ngasinye zihlobene.

5.8.3 Ukufanisa okulungile kokuxhuma okumazombezombe kanye nesakhiwo sesekhethi kazibuthe ye-transformer yezigaba ezintathu

I-sine wave flux ihambisana negagasi eliphezulu lamanje Igagasi lamanje le-sine lihambisana ne-flat top wave wave

Ekuphetheni:

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-waveform enamandla yesigaba i-sinusoidal, ukugeleza kazibuthe okuyinhloko kwesigaba ngasinye kufanele kushintshe ngokuvumelana nomthetho we-sinusoidal. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuyadingeka ukuthi i-excitation current ibe yi-wave ephakeme kakhulu, okungukuthi, indlela ye-harmonic yamanje yesithathu kufanele iqinisekiswe ekuxhumekeni kwesifunda. (ngani?)

I-Flux ye-flat-top wave - (i-derivation) - amandla wegagasi eliphakeme, uma isiqongo sikhulu kakhulu, singase kwephule ukuvala kokusonga.

Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi izifunda kazibuthe zesigaba ngasinye se-transformer yeqembu zizimele komunye nomunye, azihlobene. I-harmonic flux kazibuthe yesithathu equkethwe ku-flux kazibuthe eyinhloko iyafana ne-wave wave wave magnetic flux, futhi izungeza kumjikelezo kazibuthe oyinhloko we-transformer yesigaba ngasinye, ngaleyo ndlela idonsela amandla aphezulu e-amplitude yesithathu e-harmonic kumawindi ayisisekelo nakwesibili, okuholela ekutheni Isigaba esingaba se-waveform igagasi elicijile phezulu (elitholwe ukutholwa kwegagasi elizibuthe eliyisicaba). Ukuphakama kwamandla wesigaba samagagasi aphezulu kungase kubhidlize i-insulation emazombezombe.

Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi izifunda kazibuthe zesigaba ngasinye se-core transformer zihlobene, isigaba sesithathu se-harmonic flux magnetic in the main magnetic flux of the three- phase flat top wave wave siyefana, futhi akunakwenzeka ukuzungeza umjikelezo kazibuthe we-iron core oyinhloko. Umjikelezo ozibuthe ovaliwe uyakhiwa, okubangela ukuthi amandla esithathu e-harmonic adangwe ukugeleza kazibuthe kwe-harmonic kuma-winding ayisisekelo nakwesibili abe mancane, futhi isigaba esingaba se-waveform sisaseduze ne-sine wave.

Ekuphetheni:

(1) Ukuvuthwa kwezigaba ezintathu ze-transformer yesakhiwo seqembu lezigaba ezintathu akukwazi ukuxhunywa yi-Y/Y; .

(2) Ukujika kwesigaba sesithathu se-transformer ngesakhiwo esiyinhloko sesigaba sesithathu singaxhunywa ngu-Y/Y, kodwa umthamo akufanele ube mkhulu kakhulu.

Olunye uhlangothi lwama-winding luxhunywe ku-delta, kanti i-harmonic current yesithathu inomzila. Ngakho-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isifunda kazibuthe siwuhlobo lweqembu noma isakhiwo sohlobo oluyinhloko, ama-winding ezigaba ezintathu angaxhunywa ngokuthi △/Y.

Olunye uhlangothi lwama-wiring luxhunywe ngu-Y, kanti eyesithathu i-harmonic current ayikwazi ukugeleza kuyo, kodwa i-harmonic flux magnetic ekhiqizwa i-sine wave yamanje izoheha i-harmonic yamanje ekujikeni kwesibili (uxhumano lwe-delta) (bona isithombe ngezansi). ), ingaphinda iqinisekise ukuthi i-waveform eyinhloko kazibuthe eguquguqukayo iseduze ne-sinusoidal, ngakho-ke amandla esigaba esifakiwe nawo ayisinusoidal. Kungabonakala ukuthi umphumela wokuxhuma kukanxantathu ohlangothini olulodwa oluyinhloko uyafana.

Ekuphetheni:

Ku-0/Y (noma i-Y/0) exhunywe ama-windings ezigaba ezintathu, ingasetshenziselwa ama-transformers ezigaba ezintathu zesakhiwo seqembu noma ama-transformers ezigaba ezintathu zesakhiwo seqembu.

Ekuphetheni:

Ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi amandla esigaba yi-sinusoidal, kungcono ukusebenzisa uxhumano lwe-delta ohlangothini olulodwa lwe-transformer yesigaba ezintathu.

5.9 Ama-transformer akhethekile ezinhlelweni zokudonsa zikagesi

5.9.1 Ama-Autotransformers

(a) Umdwebo wohlelo lwesakhiwo                           (b) Umdwebo wezintambo ezisongayo

Izici: Kukhona ukujikajika okuvamile phakathi kwama-windings aseceleni okuyisisekelo nesesibili, okungaholeli nje kuphela ekuhlanganeni kazibuthe kodwa futhi kuxhumeke ugesi phakathi kwama-winding aseceleni ayisisekelo nakwesibili.

Ekuphetheni:

Umthamo we-autotransformer wenziwa izingxenye ezimbili:

(1) Amandla kazibuthe u-U2nIl2: ungamandla adluliswa emthwalweni ngokuhlangana kukazibuthe phakathi kwe-Aa emazombezombe kanye nezembe elijikayo elivamile;

(2) Amandla aqhutshwayo i-U2nI1N: amandla kagesi adluliselwa ngokuqondile emthwalweni ngezembe elijikayo elivamile.

➢ Amandla kazibuthe< umthamo olinganiselwe

Usayizi omncane, ukusetshenziswa okuphansi kwensimbi nethusi, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu

➢Isilinganiso esincane

Ingxenye evamile yamanje incane kunesilinganiso sohlangothi lwesibili

Igebe alibonakali, umnotho uyancipha

➢Kunokuxhumana kukagesi okuqondile, ukufakwa kwangaphakathi nokuvikelwa kwe-overvoltage kumele kuqiniswe.

5.9.2 I-Transformer

I-voltage transformer - ukulinganisa i-voltage ephezulu ngemitha ye-voltage ephansi

Izinyathelo zokuzivikela:

Ukuphela kohlangothi lwesibili kufanele kubekwe phansi; (ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kanye nokuvimbela ukunqwabelana kweshaja emile ekutheni kuthikameze ukufunda)

Uhlangothi lwesibili akufanele lube olufushane, ngaphandle kwalokho i-voltage transformer izoshiswa. (Ingakhuphula imanje uma ingehliswa)

I-Transformer Yamanje 1 - Kala umthamo wamanje omkhulu nge-ammeter ephansi

Izinyathelo zokuzivikela:

➢ Ukuphela kohlangothi lwesibili kufanele kubekwe phansi; (ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kanye nokuvimbela ukunqwabelana kweshaja emile ekutheni kuthikameze ukufunda)

➢ Uhlangothi lwesibili alukwazi ukuvulwa, ngaphandle kwalokho i-voltage spike ephakeme izodonswa ohlangothini lwesibili ngenxa yenani elikhulu lokujika ohlangothini lwesibili, futhi ukufakwa kwama-winding kwe-transformer kuzophulwa. (I-voltage inganyuswa uma i-current ingehliswa)

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