UCanwin yiNkampani yeNkampani yoTshintsho lwaMandla kunye noMvelisi woMbane woMbane
Ulwimi
UCanwin yiNkampani yeNkampani yoTshintsho lwaMandla kunye noMvelisi woMbane woMbane
Ukukhuselwa kwegesi kukukhusela okuphambili kwiimpazamo zangaphakathi ze-transformer. Inokusebenza ngovelwano kwi-transformer inter-turn kunye ne-inter-layer short circuits, iimpazamo ezingundoqo zentsimbi, iimpazamo zangaphakathi ze-bushing, ukuqhawulwa kwangaphakathi kwamajiko, ukuwohloka kwe-insulation kunye nokuhla kwenqanaba le-oyile. Xa iphoso lenzeka ngaphakathi kwe-oyile-i-transformer-immersed, i-arc iya kubola i-insulating material kwaye ivelise inani elikhulu legesi, eliphuma kwi-tank yeoli ukuya kwi-oyile pillow, kwaye ukuqina kwayo kuyahluka kunye nobukhulu bephutha, kubonakalisa ukuhamba komoya kunye nokuhamba kwe-oyile Ukhuseleko lwesenzo lubizwa ngokuba lukhuseleko lwegesi, olukwabizwa ngokuba lukhuseleko lwerhasi. Ngethuba lokusebenza kwe-transformer, ngenxa yeempazamo zangaphakathi, ngamanye amaxesha asikwazi ukuchonga nokuthatha amanyathelo ngexesha, okulula ukubangela ezinye izingozi. Emva kokukhuselwa kwe-relay yegesi, ukuvela kweziganeko ezifanayo kunokuphetshwa kwinqanaba elithile.
1. Yintoni igesi?
Igesi yenziwe ngokubola kweselulosi kunye ne-organic matter ngesenzo sebhaktheriya ye-anaerobic kwinqanaba lokuqala lokuqokelelwa kwamalahle ngezityalo zakudala. Kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu, igesi iyaqhubeka kuveliswa ngenxa yemiphumo yomzimba kunye neekhemikhali ngelixa amalahle enziwa. Irhasi yigesi engenambala, engenavumba, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha unokujoja ivumba elifana ne-apile, elibangelwa kukukhupha iihydrocarbons ezinuka kamnandi kunye negesi ngaxeshanye. Ukuxinana kwerhasi emoyeni yi-0.554, kwaye uxinano lwerhasi ekwimo esemgangathweni yi-0.716kg/m³. Ukungena kwerhasi kuphinda-phindwe kayi-1.6 kunomoya. Ayinyibiliki emanzini, ayikuxhasi ukutsha, kwaye ayikwazi ukugcina ukuphefumla. Inokubangela ukuba abantu bafuthaniseleke ngenxa yokunqongophala kweoksijini, kwaye inokutshisa okanye iqhume.
Izinto eziphambili zegesi zi-alkanes, apho i-methane yenza ininzi enkulu, kunye nexabiso elincinci le-ethane, ipropane kunye ne-butane. Ukongeza, ngokuqhelekileyo iqulethe i-hydrogen sulfide, i-carbon dioxide, i-nitrogen kunye nokufuma, kunye nokulandelela amanani eegesi ezingenayo ezifana ne-helium kunye ne-argon. Yima. Phantsi kweemeko ezisemgangathweni, imethane ukuya kwibutane ikhona kwimeko yegesi, kwaye ipentane nangaphezulu zilulwelo. Kwimeko yomlilo ovulekileyo, unokutshisa, kwaye ukuqhuma "kwerhasi" kuya kwenzeka, okusongela ngokuthe ngqo ukhuseleko lwabavukuzi.
2. Inkcazo yoKhuseleko lweGesi
Kwi-relay yokukhusela igesi, inxalenye ephezulu yi-float evaliweyo, inxalenye engezantsi yintsimbi yentsimbi, kwaye zombini ixhotyiswe ngoqhagamshelwano olutywiniweyo lwe-mercury. Iipontoni kunye ne-baffles ziyajikeleza malunga nezembe labo. Ngethuba lokusebenza okuqhelekileyo, i-relay izaliswe ngeoli, i-buoy igxininiswe kwioli, kwindawo ejikelezayo, kwaye uqhagamshelwano lwe-mercury lunqanyuliwe; i-baffle iyancipha ngenxa yobunzima bayo, kunye noqhagamshelwano lwayo lwe-mercury nalo luqhawulwe. Xa kukho impazamo encinci ngaphakathi kwi-transformer, irhasi yenziwa ngokucothayo, kwaye irhasi kuqala iqokelelana kwindawo ephezulu yokuhanjiswa kwerhasi kwindlela eya kwisilondolozi seoli, okubangela ukuba i-oyile yehle, kwaye i-buoy yehle ukuya. vala uqhagamshelwano lwe-mercury, kunye nokulibaziseka kwexesha Umqondiso, oku kubizwa ngokuba yi "gesi yokukhanya"; xa kusenzeka impazamo enkulu ngaphakathi kwi-transformer, kuveliswa irhasi eyomeleleyo, kwaye uxinzelelo kwitanki yeoli luyanda ngoko nangoko, okukhokelela ekuhambeni kweoyile enkulu echaphazela icala lomqamelo weoyile, kuba ukuhamba kweoyile kuchaphazela i-baffle. yoyisa ukuxhathisa kwentwasahlobo, iqhubela umazibuthe ukuba ihambe kwicala loqhagamshelwano lwasentlakohlaza, ivale unxibelelwano lwemercury, ijike isekethe yohambo, ize ihambe umaphuli wesekethe. Le yinto ebizwa ngokuba yi "heavy gas". Isenzo segesi esinzima, ngokukhawuleza sinqumle onke amandla axhunyiwe kwi-transformer, ukwenzela ukuba ugweme ukwanda kwengozi, kwaye udlale indima yokukhusela i-transformer.
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuhanjiswa kwerhasi njengohlobo lokudada, uhlobo lwebhaffle kunye nodidi lwekomityi evulekileyo. Uninzi lwazo lusebenzisa ii-relays ze-QJ-80, isiphaluka sesignali siqhagamshelwe kwikomityi evulekileyo, kwaye isiphaluka sohambo sixhunyiwe kwi-baffle. Okubizwa ngokuba yisenzo somqondiso wokukhusela igesi kuthetha ukuba uqhagamshelwano lwesiphaluka somqondiso wekomityi yokuvula ephezulu kwi-relay ivaliwe ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo, kunye nokukhanya kweplate yokukhanya.
Imimiselo imisela: Kwiziguquli ezifakwe kwi-oyile ezinomthamo we-800kVA nangaphezulu kunye ne-oyile-i-oil-immersed transformers enomthamo we-400kVA nangaphezulu, ukhuseleko lwegesi kufuneka lufakwe.
3. Ukuhlelwa kokhuseleko lwegesi
Ukukhuselwa kwegesi ngokuqhelekileyo kwahlulahlula ngamacandelo amabini: igesi elula kunye negesi enzima.
1. Ukukhuselwa kwegesi yokukhanya: I-transformer igqithise kakhulu okanye ikhutshwe inxalenye, ibangela ukuba ukushisa kweoli ye-transformer kuphakame, ukuvelisa inani elithile legesi, eliqokelelwe kwi-relay, kwaye xa ixabiso elithile lifinyelelwe, i-relay iqhutywe. kwaye umqondiso uthunyelwa.
2. Ukukhuselwa kwegesi enzima: Emva kokuba isiphaluka esifutshane esinzulu senzeke kwi-transformer, iya kuba nefuthe kwi-oyile ye-transformer, ibangele ukuhamba kweoli ethile ngokukhawuleza kwi-baffle ye-relay kunye nokukhubeka.
4. Umda wokukhusela igesi
Ukukhuselwa kwegesi kukukhusela okuphambili kwe-transformer, kunokubonakalisa zonke iimpazamo kwitanki. Kubandakanya: izigaba ezininzi zesekethe emfutshane kwitanki yamafutha, isiphaluka esifutshane phakathi kojiko olujiko, isiphaluka esifutshane phakathi kokujija kunye nombindi wentsimbi okanye i-casing, ukusilela kombindi wentsimbi, ukuhla komgangatho we-oyile okanye ukuvuza kwe-oyile, ukudibana kakubi komtshini wetephu okanye kakubi. i-wire welding, njl. Isenzo sokukhusela igesi sikhawuleza, sibucayi kwaye sithembekile, kwaye isakhiwo silula. Nangona kunjalo, ayikwazi ukubonakalisa impazamo yesiphaluka sangaphandle setanki yeoli (njengocingo olukhokelayo), ngoko ayikwazi ukusetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokukhusela kuphela ukukhusela impazamo yangaphakathi ye-transformer. Ukongezelela, ukukhuselwa kwegesi kukwaxhomekeke ekusebenzeni kakubi phantsi kokuphazamiseka kwezinye izinto zangaphandle (ezifana neenyikima).
I-Buchholz relay ye-transformer on-load voltage regulating switch inomsebenzi ofanayo ne-Buchholz relay ye-transformer engundoqo, eneendawo ezahlukeneyo zofakelo kunye neemodeli ezahlukeneyo.
Isihlanu, indlela yokufaka yokukhusela
I-Buchholz relay ifakwe kumbhobho wokudibanisa ukusuka kwi-transformer ukuya kwisilondolozi seoli. Ngexesha lofakelo, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe:
1. Okokuqala, vala ivalve yebhabhathane kumbhobho wokuhambisa igesi ngokuqinileyo. Ukuba i-valve ye-butterfly ayivalwanga ngokuqinileyo okanye kukho ezinye iimeko, ioli kwi-oyile pillow inokukhutshwa xa kuyimfuneko ukukhusela inani elikhulu leoli ekuphuphumeni ngexesha lomsebenzi.
2. Ngaphambi kokufaka i-relay entsha yegesi, khangela ukuba kukho isatifikethi sokuhlola, ingaba i-caliber kunye nesantya sokuhamba sichanekile, nokuba iindawo zangaphakathi nangaphandle zonakaliswe, ukuba kukho ukubopha okwethutyana ngaphakathi, kufuneka kuchithwa, kwaye ekugqibeleni ukhangele. intshukumo ye-buoy, i-baffle, umqondiso kunye noqhagamshelwano lohambo. Ngaba ithembekile, kwaye uvale ivalve yokuphuma kwegazi.
3. I-relay yegesi kufuneka ifakwe ngokuthe tye, kwaye isalathiso sotolo oluphawulwe kwiindawo zokugubungela eziphezulu kwi-oyile pillow. Kwiprojekthi, ulwalathiso lwe-axis yomgca we-relay ivumelekile ukuba ibe phezulu kancinci ekupheleni komqamelo weoli, kodwa ukuthambekela okuvela kwinqwelo-moya ethe tye akufanele kudlule i-4%.
4. Vula ivalve yebhabhathane ukuze ugcwalise i-gas relay nge-oyile, kwaye emva koko ukhulule umoya kwivalve yokukhupha umoya emva kokuzaliswa ngeoyile. Ukuba umcamelo weoli une-capsule, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwindlela yokuzalisa kunye nokunciphisa ioli ukuze unciphise kwaye ugweme igesi engena kwi-oyile pillow.
5. Xa uqhuba i-wiring yokukhusela, kuyimfuneko ukukhusela uxhulumaniso olungalunganga kunye nesiphaluka esifutshane, ugweme ukusebenza okuphilayo, kwaye kwangaxeshanye uthintele intonga ye-conductive ekujikelezeni kunye nentloko encinci ye-porcelain kwioli evuzayo.
6. Phambi kokuqalisa ukusebenza, uvavanyo lokungcangcazela kwe-insulation kunye novavanyo lokuhambisa kufuneka lwenziwe.
6. Uvavanyo lwezinto zokuhanjiswa kwegesi
Ezi zinto zilandelayo zokuhlola kunye nezinto zovavanyo kufuneka zenziwe phambi kokuba kufakwe kwaye kusetyenziswe i-relay yegesi:
1. Izinto zokuhlola ngokubanzi:
Ifestile yeglasi, ivalve yokukhupha umoya, inaliti yokulawula kunye ne-lead-out terminal azikho kwaphela ukuvuza kweoli, kunye ne-float, ikomityi evulekileyo, ifestile yeglasi, njl.
2. Izinto zovavanyo
2.1. Uvavanyo lokutywina: uxinzelelo lweoyile lulonke (uxinzelelo yi-20mPa, ubude bexesha yi-1h) uvavanyo lokuvuza, akufuneki kubekho ukuvuza.
2.2. Uvavanyo lwamandla okugquma kwetheminali: Amandla ombane ohamba rhoqo phakathi kwetheminali ephumayo kunye netheminali ephumayo yi-2000v nge-1min. Ukumelana nokufakwa kwe-insulation kunokulinganiswa nge-2500v megohmmeter. Uxhathiso lwe-insulation kufuneka lube ngaphezulu kwe-300mΩ.
2.3. Uvavanyo lomthamo wegesi yokukhanya: xa i-250∽300cm3 yomoya iqokelelwe kwiqokobhe, igesi yokukhanya kufuneka isebenze ngokuthembekileyo.
2.4. Uvavanyo lwesantya sokuhamba kwentshukumo yerhasi enzima.
7. Ukuhlolwa kwemihla ngemihla
Imimiselo yokusebenza kwe-transformer yamandla DL/T572-95 (emva koku kuthiwa "imimiselo") ichaza ukuba ekuhlolweni kwansuku zonke kwe-transformers, into yokuqala ukujonga ukuba kukho igesi kwi-relay yegesi, kwaye ukuhlolwa kwegesi kufuneka kuhlawule ingqalelo. kwezi ngongoma zilandelayo:
1. I-valve kumbhobho wokudibanisa we-relay yegesi kufuneka ibe kwindawo evulekileyo.
2. Ukuphefumula kwe-transformer kufuneka kube kwimeko yokusebenza eqhelekileyo.
3. Isiqwenga sokudibanisa ukukhuselwa kwegesi kufuneka sifakwe ngokuchanekileyo.
4. Inqanaba leoli lomsila weoli kufuneka libe kwindawo efanelekileyo, kwaye i-relay igcwele ioli.
5. Isigqubuthelo esingenamanzi se-relay yegesi kufuneka siqine.
6. Ii-terminals ze-relay akufanele zifake ioli, kwaye kufuneka zikwazi ukukhusela ukungena kwemvula, ikhephu kunye nothuli. Umbane kunye nesiphaluka sayo sesibini kufuneka sibe nemilinganiselo yokungena kwamanzi, i-oyile-proof kunye ne-anti-freezing, kwaye kufuneka ingabi namanzi kunye ne-oil-proof entwasahlobo nasekwindla. kunye neetshekhi zokunqanda umkhenkce.
Isibhozo, ukusebenza kokhuseleko lwegesi
Xa i-transformer isebenza ngokuqhelekileyo, i-Buchholz relay isebenza ngaphandle kokungaqhelekanga. Ngokumalunga nemeko yokusebenza ye-Buchholz relay, imigaqo inala malungiselelo alandelayo:
1. Xa i-transformer isebenza, ukukhuselwa kwegesi kufuneka kuxhunywe kwisignali kunye nohambo, kwaye ukukhuselwa kwegesi kwi-tap-changer kufuneka kudibaniswe nohambo.
2. Xa i-transformer yenza umsebenzi olandelayo ngexesha lokusebenza, ukukhuselwa kwegesi enzima kufuneka kuxhunywe kwakhona kwisignali:
2.1. Xa usebenzisa i-breaker circuit enye ukulawula ii-transformers ezimbini, xa enye yazo idluliselwe kwindawo yokulinda, i-transformer yokulinda kufuneka iphinde ixhunywe kwisignali.
2.2. Xa kuhluzwa i-oyile, ukuzalisa i-oyile, ukubuyisela impompo yeoli engaphantsi kwamanzi okanye ukubuyisela i-adsorbent yesicoci se-oyile kunye nokuvula kunye nokuvala ivalve kumbhobho wokudibanisa we-relay yegesi.
2.3. Xa usebenza ekukhuselweni kwegesi kunye nesiphaluka sayo sesibini.
2.4. Ngaphandle kwesampulu yeoli kunye nevalve yokukhutshwa komoya kwindawo ephezulu ye-Buchholz relay, vula ukukhutshwa komoya, i-oil drain kunye ne-oil inlet valves kuzo zonke ezinye iindawo.
2.5 . Xa inqanaba le-oyile yegeyiji yenqanaba le-oyile liphakama ngokungaqhelekanga okanye inkqubo yokufunxa kunye neyokufunxa ineziganeko ezingaqhelekanga, kuyimfuneko ukuvula ukukhutshwa komoya okanye ivalve yokukhupha i-oyile.
3. Ngethuba lexesha lokuzamazama komhlaba, indlela yokusebenza yokukhusela igesi enzima kufuneka inqunywe ngokwemiqathango ethile ye-transformer kunye nokusebenza kwe-seismic ye-relay yegesi. Iinguqu ezingasebenziyo ngenxa yesenzo sokukhusela igesi enzima ngenxa yeenyikima kufuneka zihlolwe kwaye zivavanywe ngaphambi kokuba zifakwe ekusebenzeni, kwaye zingafakwa ekusebenzeni kuphela emva kokuqinisekisa ukuba akukho nto ingaqhelekanga.
9. Izizathu zesenzo sokukhusela igesi
1. Izizathu zesenzo segesi yokukhanya
1.1. Umoya ungena kwi-transformer ngenxa yokucoca ioli, i-refueling okanye inkqubo yokupholisa.
1.2. Umgangatho we-oyile ungaphantsi kune-buoy yerhasi yokukhanya ngenxa yokwehla kobushushu okanye ukuvuza kwe-oyile
1.3. Umlinganiselo omncinci wegesi uveliswa kukungaphumeleli kwe-transformer
1.4. I-transformer inephutha elinqumlayo le-short-circuit. Ngaphantsi kwesenzo sephutha elingena ngaphakathi, isantya sokuhamba kweoli phakathi kwezithuba zeoli zikhawuleza. Xa umahluko woxinzelelo phakathi komsantsa we-oyile kunye nomphandle wokujija utshintsha kakhulu, i-relay yerhasi inokungasebenzi kakuhle. Umsinga wempazamo onqumlayo ubangela ukuba intshukumo yojiko ishushu. Xa i-fault current ininzi, iqondo lokushisa elijikelezayo likhuphuka ngokukhawuleza, elibangela ukuba umthamo we-oyile wande, obangela ukuba i-relay yegesi ingasebenzi kakuhle.
1.5, ukuhanjiswa kwegesi okanye ukungaphumeleli kwesekethe yesibini.
Ezi zinto zingasentla zinokubangela ukuba umqondiso wokukhusela igesi usebenze.
10. Unyango emva kwesenzo sokukhusela igesi
1. Emva kokuba isixhobo sokukhusela igesi ye-transformer sisebenza, kufuneka sihlolwe ngokucophelela, sihlalutye ngokucophelela, kwaye sigwetywe ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye amanyathelo kufuneka athathwe ngokukhawuleza.
A. Xa isignali yokukhusela igesi ivuliwe, khangela i-transformer ngokukhawuleza ukufumanisa imbangela yesenzo, nokuba kubangelwa ukuqokelela komoya, ukunciphisa izinga leoli, impazamo yesiphaluka sesibini okanye impazamo yangaphakathi. i-transformer ephezulu. Ukuba kukho irhasi kwireyiji yerhasi, bhala inani lerhasi, jonga umbala werhasi kwaye uvavanye ukuba iyatsha, kwaye uthathe iisampuli zegesi kunye neoyile kuhlalutyo lwechromatographic. Ubume obugwenxa be-transformer bunokumiselwa ngokwemigaqo kunye nezikhokelo ezifanelekileyo. Uhlalutyo lwe-Chromatographic lubhekiselele kuhlalutyo lomgangatho kunye nobungakanani be-hydrogen, i-oksijini, i-carbon monoxide, i-carbon dioxide, i-methane, i-ethane, i-ethylene, i-acetylene kunye nezinye iigesi eziqulethwe kwigesi eqokelelweyo kusetyenziswa ichromatograph. Qinisekisa ngokuchanekileyo ubume, intsingiselo yophuhliso, kunye nobuzaza bokusilela.
B. Ukuba igesi kwi-gas relay ayinambala, ayinaphunga kwaye ayinakutsha, kwaye uhlalutyo lwe-chromatographic lunquma ukuba umoya, i-transformer inokuqhubeka nokusebenza kunye nokuphelisa isiphene sokungenisa umoya ngexesha.
Ukuba igesi kwi-gas relay iyatsha kwaye isiphumo sokuhlalutya kwe-chromatographic yegesi echithwe kwi-oyile ayiqhelekanga, kufuneka kuthathwe isigwebo esibanzi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba i-transformer iphelile.
2. Xa uhambo lwe-Buchholz relay luhamba, i-transformer ayiyi kuqaliswa ukusebenza de kuchongwe isizathu kwaye impazamo isusiwe. Ukufumana izizathu, ezi zinto zilandelayo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ikakhulu kwaye kufuneka kwenziwe isigwebo esibanzi.
a. Nokuba ukuphefumla kuphantsi okanye kuphelile;
b. Ingaba iisekethe zesibini ezifana nokukhusela kunye ne-DC ziqhelekileyo;
c. Ingaba ukubonakala kwe-transformer kukho nayiphi na into engaqhelekanga ebonisa ngokucacileyo uhlobo lwephutha;
d. Ingaba igesi eqokelelwe kwi-relay yegesi inokutsha;
e. Iziphumo zohlalutyo lwe-chromatographic zerhasi kwi-relay yegesi kunye nerhasi enyityilisiweyo kwi-oyile;
f. Iziphumo zovavanyo zombane eziyimfuneko;
g. Isenzo sezinye izixhobo zokukhusela i-relay ye-transformer.
11. Amanyathelo okhuseleko anxulumene nokukhuselwa kwegesi
Isenzo sokukhusela igesi, ukukhanya kuthumela isignali yesenzo sokukhusela ukukhumbuza abasebenzi bokulondoloza ukujongana ne-transformer ngokukhawuleza; I-smart one ithatha i-switch ye-transformer, eyenza ukuba i-transformer iyeke ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza, engenakuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kombane. Amanyathelo okulwa nengozi yokukhusela igesi abekwe phambili. :
1. Guqula i-buoy ephantsi ye-gas relay kuhlobo lwe-baffle kunye noqhagamshelwano kuhlobo oluthe nkqo ukuphucula ukuthembeka kwesenzo segesi enzima.
2. Ukuze kuthintelwe i-gas relay ekubeni i-short-circuit ngenxa yokuvuza kwamanzi, amanyathelo okuthintela imvula kufuneka athathwe kwii-terminals zayo kunye neebhokisi ze-cable lead terminal.
3. Ucingo olukhokelayo lwe-relay yegesi kufuneka lube yi-oyile-proof wire.
4. Iingcingo ezikhokelayo kunye neentambo ze-gas relay kufuneka zixhunywe kwii-terminals kwibhokisi ye-cable lead terminal ngokulandelanayo.
