ICanwin iyiNkampani Yokuguqula Amandla Kagesi & Umkhiqizi Wesiguquli Kagesi
Ulimi
ICanwin iyiNkampani Yokuguqula Amandla Kagesi & Umkhiqizi Wesiguquli Kagesi
Ukuvikelwa kwegesi kuyisivikelo esiyinhloko samaphutha angaphakathi we-transformer. Ingakwazi ukusebenza ngokuzwela kumasekhethi amafushane aphakathi kwe-transformer kanye ne-inter-layer, amaphutha ensimbi, amaphutha angaphakathi, ukunqanyulwa kwamajika angaphakathi, ukuwohloka kokufakwa kwezinto kanye nokwehla kwezinga likawoyela. Uma iphutha lenzeka ngaphakathi kwe-transformer ecwiliswe ngamafutha, i-arc izobolisa izinto zokuvikela futhi ikhiqize igesi enkulu, egeleza isuka ethangini likawoyela iye emcamelweni kawoyela, futhi ukuqina kwayo kuyahlukahluka ngobukhulu bephutha, ikhombisa ukugeleza komoya nokugeleza kukawoyela Ukuvikelwa kwesenzo kubizwa ngokuthi ukuvikelwa kwegesi, okubizwa nangokuthi ukuvikelwa kwegesi. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-transformer, ngenxa yamaphutha angaphakathi, ngezinye izikhathi asikwazi ukubona nokuthatha izinyathelo ngesikhathi, okulula ukubangela ezinye izingozi. Ngemuva kokuvikelwa kokudluliselwa kwegesi, ukuvela kwezigameko ezifanayo kungagwenywa ngezinga elithile.
1. Iyini igesi?
Igesi yakhiwa ukubola kwe-cellulose kanye ne-organic matter ngesenzo samagciwane anaerobic esigabeni sokuqala sokuqoqwa kwamalahle yizitshalo zasendulo. Emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kanye nengcindezi ephezulu, igesi iyaqhubeka nokukhiqizwa ngenxa yemiphumela engokomzimba namakhemikhali ngenkathi kwakhiwa amalahle. Igesi igesi engenambala, engenaphunga, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ungakwazi ukuhogela iphunga elifana ne-apula, elibangelwa ukugeleza kwama-hydrocarbon anephunga elimnandi kanye negesi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ukuminyana kwegesi emoyeni ngu-0.554, futhi ukuminyana kwegesi esimeni esijwayelekile ngu-0.716kg/m³. Ukungena kwegesi izikhathi ezingu-1.6 kunomoya. Ayincibiliki emanzini, ayikusekeli ukuvutha, futhi ayikwazi ukugcina ukuphefumula. Kungenza abantu baphelelwe umoya ngenxa yokuntuleka komoyampilo, futhi kungasha noma kuqhume.
Izingxenye eziyinhloko zegesi ama-alkanes, okuyi-methane eyenza iningi lawo, kanye nenani elincane le-ethane, i-propane ne-butane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvamile iqukethe i-hydrogen sulfide, i-carbon dioxide, i-nitrogen nomswakama, kanye nokulandela amanani amagesi angenayo njenge-helium ne-argon. Linda. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, i-methane kuya ku-butane ikhona esimweni segesi, futhi i-pentane nangaphezulu kuwuketshezi. Uma kwenzeka umlilo ovulekile, ungashisa, futhi ukuqhuma "kwegesi" kuzokwenzeka, okusongela ngokuqondile ukuphepha kwabavukuzi.
2. Incazelo Yokuvikelwa Kwegesi
Ku-relay yokuvikela igesi, ingxenye engaphezulu iyintanta evaliwe, ingxenye engezansi iyinsimbi, futhi kokubili kufakwe oxhumana nabo be-mercury abavaliwe. Amaphontoni nama-baffles ayaphenduka ama-ax awo. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile, i-relay igcwele amafutha, i-buoy icwiliswa emafutheni, endaweni yokuntanta, futhi ukuxhumana kwe-mercury kunqanyuliwe; i-baffle iyawohloka ngenxa yesisindo sayo, futhi ukuxhumana kwayo kwe-mercury nakho kunqanyuliwe. Uma kunephutha elincane ngaphakathi kwe-transformer, igesi ikhiqizwa kancane, futhi igesi iqala ukunqwabelana endaweni engaphezulu ye-gas relay endleleni eya endaweni yokugcina uwoyela, okwenza izinga likawoyela lehle, futhi i-buoy yehle vala othintana naye we-mercury, kanye nesignali yokubambezeleka ngesikhathi, lokhu okubizwa ngokuthi "igesi elikhanyayo"; lapho kwenzeka iphutha elikhulu ngaphakathi kwe-transformer, kukhiqizwa igesi enamandla yegesi, futhi ingcindezi ethangini likawoyela ikhula ngokushesha, okuholela ekugelezeni okukhulu kukawoyela okuthinta isiqondiso somcamelo kawoyela, ngoba ukugeleza kukawoyela kuthinta i-baffle , I-baffle inqoba ukumelana kwentwasahlobo, ishayela uzibuthe ukuthi ihambe ibheke lapho kuxhunywana khona entwasahlobo, ivale ukuthintana kwe-mercury, ivula isifunda sohambo, futhi igibelise isinqamuleli sesifunda. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "igesi elinzima". Isenzo segesi esindayo, ngokushesha sinqamule wonke amandla axhunywe ku-transformer, ukuze ugweme ukwanda kwengozi, futhi udlale indima yokuvikela i-transformer.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokudluliselwa kwegesi njengohlobo lwe-float, uhlobo lwe-baffle kanye nohlobo lwenkomishi evulekile. Iningi labo lisebenzisa ukudluliselwa kwe-QJ-80, isifunda sesignali sixhunywe endebeni evulekile, futhi isifunda sohambo sixhunywe ku-baffle. Okubizwa ngokuthi isenzo sesignali sokuvikela igesi kusho ukuthi ukuxhumana kwesifunda sesignali yenkomishi yokuvula ephezulu ku-relay kuvaliwe ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, futhi ukukhanya kwepuleti lokukhanya kuvuliwe.
Imithetho iyabalula: Kuma-transformer acwiliswe uwoyela anamandla angu-800kVA nangaphezulu kanye nama-transformer acwiliswe uwoyela anomthamo ongu-400kVA nangaphezulu, kufanele kufakwe isivikelo segesi.
3. Ukuhlukaniswa kokuvikelwa kwegesi
Ukuvikelwa kwegesi ngokuvamile kuhlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili: igesi elula negesi esindayo.
1. Ukuvikelwa kwegesi ekhanyayo: I-transformer ishisa ngokweqile noma ikhishwe kancane, okwenza izinga lokushisa likawoyela le-transformer likhuphuke, likhiqize inani elithile legesi, eliqoqwe ku-relay, futhi lapho inani elithile lifinyelelwa, i-relay iqala. futhi isignali ithunyelwa.
2. Isivikelo segesi esindayo: Ngemva kokuba isifunda esifushane esingathi sína senzeke ku-transformer, izoba nomthelela kuwoyela we-transformer, okubangele ukugeleza kukawoyela okuthile kugijimele ku-baffle ye-relay kanye nokukhubeka.
4. Ububanzi bokuvikelwa kokuvikelwa kwegesi
Ukuvikelwa kwegesi kuyisivikelo esiyinhloko se-transformer, ingabonisa wonke amaphutha ethangini. Kubandakanya: isifunda esifushane esinezigaba eziningi ethangini likaphethiloli, isifunda esifushane phakathi kokujika okujikajikayo, isifunda esifushane phakathi kokujikajika nensimbi noma i-casing, ukwehluleka kwe-iron core, ukwehla kwezinga likawoyela noma ukuvuza kukawoyela, ukuthintana kabi kwesishintshi sempompi noma okubi. i-wire welding, njll. Isenzo sokuvikela igesi siyashesha, siyazwela futhi sithembekile, futhi isakhiwo silula. Kodwa-ke, ayikwazi ukukhombisa iphutha lesifunda sangaphandle sethangi lamafutha (njengentambo eholayo), ngakho-ke ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa njengedivayisi yokuvikela kuphela ukuvikela iphutha langaphakathi le-transformer. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvikelwa kwegesi nakho kujwayele ukungasebenzi kahle ngaphansi kokuphazanyiswa kwezinye izici zangaphandle (njengokuzamazama komhlaba).
I-Buchholz relay ye-transformer on-load voltage regulating switch inomsebenzi ofanayo nowe-Buchholz relay ye-transformer eyinhloko, enezindawo zokufaka ezihlukene namamodeli ahlukene.
Eyesihlanu, indlela yokufaka yokuvikela
I-Buchholz relay ifakwe epayipini elixhumayo ukusuka ku-transformer kuya kusilondolozi sikawoyela. Ngesikhathi sokufakwa, kufanele kuqashelwe:
1. Okokuqala, vala i-valve uvemvane epayipini lokudlulisa igesi ngokuqinile. Uma i-valve ye-butterfly ivaliwe ngokuqinile noma kunezinye izimo, amafutha emcamelo wamafutha angakhishwa uma kunesidingo ukuvimbela inani elikhulu lamafutha ekuchichimeni ngesikhathi somsebenzi.
2. Ngaphambi kokufaka i-gas relay entsha, hlola ukuthi sikhona yini isitifiketi sokuhlola, ukuthi izinga kanye nezinga lokugeleza lilungile, ukuthi izingxenye zangaphakathi nezangaphandle zonakele yini, uma kukhona ukubopha kwesikhashana ngaphakathi, kufanele kuhlakazwe, futhi ekugcineni uhlole. isenzo se-buoy, baffle, signal kanye nohambo lokuxhumana. Ingabe ithembekile, futhi uvale i-valve yokopha.
3. I-relay yegesi kufanele ifakwe ivundlile, futhi isiqondiso somcibisholo obhalwe phezulu ukhomba umcamelo wamafutha. Kuphrojekthi, isiqondiso se-axis yomugqa we-relay sivunyelwe ukuba sibe phezulu kancane ekupheleni komcamelo wamafutha, kodwa ukuthambekela okuvela endizeni enezingqimba akufanele kudlule u-4%.
4. Vula i-valve ye-butterfly ukuze ugcwalise i-gas relay ngamafutha, bese ukhulula umoya ovela ku-valve yokukhulula umoya ngemva kokugcwalisa uwoyela. Uma umcamelo wamafutha une-capsule, kufanele kuqashelwe indlela yokugcwalisa nokunciphisa amafutha ukuze unciphise futhi ugweme igesi engena emcamelweni wamafutha.
5. Uma wenza i-wiring yokuvikela, kuyadingeka ukuvimbela ukuxhuma okungalungile kanye nokujikeleza okufushane, ukugwema ukusebenza okubukhoma, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuvimbela induku ye-conductive ekujikelezeni kanye nekhanda elincane le-porcelain ekuvuzeni amafutha.
6. Ngaphambi kokuqala ukusebenza, ukuhlolwa kwe-insulation shaking kanye nokuhlolwa kokudlulisela kufanele kwenziwe.
6. Izinto zokuhlola zokudluliselwa kwegesi
Izinto ezilandelayo zokuhlola nezinto zokuhlola kufanele zenziwe ngaphambi kokuba kufakwe futhi kusetshenziswe i-gas relay:
1. Izinto zokuhlola okuvamile:
Iwindi lengilazi, ivalvu yokukhipha umoya, inaliti yokulawula kanye netheminali ephuma umthofu ayinawo nhlobo ukuvuza kwamafutha, futhi i-float, inkomishi evuliwe, iwindi lengilazi, njll. ayinamifantu ngokuphelele.
2. Izinto zokuhlola
2.1. Ukuhlolwa kokuvala uphawu: ingcindezi kawoyela iyonke (ingcindezi ingu-20mPa, ubude besikhathi ngu-1h) ukuhlolwa kokuvuza, akufanele kube khona ukuvuza.
2.2. Ukuhlolwa kwamandla okufakwa kwetheminali: I-voltage yefrikhwensi yamandla phakathi kwetheminali ephumayo kanye netheminali ephumayo ingu-2000v i-1min. Ukumelana ne-insulation nakho kungalinganiswa nge-megohmmeter engu-2500v. Ukumelana ne-insulation kufanele kube ngaphezu kuka-300mΩ.
2.3. Ukuhlolwa kwevolumu yesenzo segesi elula: lapho u-250∽300cm3 womoya unqwabelana kugobolondo, igesi ekhanyayo kufanele isebenze ngokuthembekile.
2.4. Ukuhlolwa kwesivinini sokugeleza kwesenzo segesi esindayo.
7. Ukuhlolwa kwansuku zonke
Imithethonqubo yokusebenza kwe-Power transformer DL/T572-95 (ngemuva kwalokhu ebizwa ngokuthi “imithethonqubo”) ibeka ukuthi ekuhlolweni kwansuku zonke kwama-transformer, into yokuqala okufanele ibhekwe ukuthi ikhona yini igesi ekudlulisweni kwegesi, futhi ukuhlolwa kwegesi kufanele kubhekwe. kula maphuzu alandelayo:
1. I-valve epayipini lokuxhuma le-relay yegesi kufanele ibe sesimweni esivulekile.
2. I-respirator ye-transformer kufanele ibe sesimweni esivamile sokusebenza.
3. Ucezu lokuxhuma lokuvikela igesi kufanele lufakwe ngendlela efanele.
4. Izinga lamafutha omcamelo wamafutha kufanele libe sesimweni esifanele, futhi i-relay igcwele amafutha.
5. Isembozo esingangeni manzi se-relay yegesi kufanele siqine.
6. Amatheminali e-relay akufanele akhiphe amafutha, futhi kufanele akwazi ukuvimbela ukungena kwemvula, iqhwa nothuli. Ukunikezwa kwamandla kanye nesifunda sawo sesibili kufanele kube nezinyathelo zokungangeni kwamanzi, uwoyela nokuvikela ukuqandisa, futhi kufanele kungangeni manzi futhi kuvikeleke uwoyela entwasahlobo nasekwindla. kanye namasheke e-antifreeze.
Eyesishiyagalombili, ukusebenza kokuvikelwa kwegesi
Uma i-transformer isebenza ngokujwayelekile, i-Buchholz relay isebenza ngaphandle kokungajwayelekile. Mayelana nesimo sokusebenza se-Buchholz relay, imithethonqubo inalezi zinhlinzeko ezilandelayo:
1. Uma i-transformer isebenza, ukuvikelwa kwegesi kufanele kuxhunywe kusignali nohambo, futhi ukuvikelwa kwegesi kwe-tap-changer elayishiwe kufanele kuxhunywe ohambweni.
2. Lapho i-transformer yenza umsebenzi olandelayo ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ukuvikelwa kwegesi esindayo kufanele kuxhunywe kabusha kusignali:
2.1. Uma usebenzisa i-circuit breaker eyodwa ukulawula ama-transformer amabili, lapho enye yazo idluliselwa kokubekwe eceleni, i-standby transformer kufanele ixhunywe kabusha kusiginali.
2.2. Lapho kuhlunga uwoyela, ukugcwalisa uwoyela, kushintsha iphampu kawoyela engaphansi kwamanzi noma kushintsha i-adsorbent yesihlanza uwoyela kanye nokuvula nokuvala ivalvu epayipini elixhumayo lokudlulisa igesi.
2.3. Lapho usebenza ekuvikelweni kwegesi kanye nesifunda sayo sesibili.
2.4. Ngaphandle kwesampula kawoyela kanye nevalvu yokukhipha umoya engxenyeni engenhla ye-Buchholz relay, vula ukukhishwa komoya, ukudonsa uwoyela namavalvu okungenisa uwoyela kuzo zonke ezinye izindawo.
2.5 . Uma izinga likawoyela legeji yezinga likawoyela likhuphuka ngokungavamile noma isistimu yokumunca kanye nokumunca kunezimo ezingavamile, kuyadingeka ukuvula ukukhululwa komoya noma i-valve yokukhipha uwoyela.
3. Ngesikhathi sokubikezela kokuzamazama komhlaba, imodi yokusebenza yokuvikelwa kwegesi esindayo kufanele inqunywe ngokuvumelana nezimo ezithile ze-transformer nokusebenza kokuzamazama komhlaba kwe-relay yegesi. Ama-transformer angasebenzi ngenxa yesenzo sokuvikela igesi esindayo ngenxa yokuzamazama komhlaba kufanele ahlolwe futhi ahlolwe ngaphambi kokuba aqale ukusebenza, futhi angasetshenziswa kuphela ngemva kokuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho okungavamile.
9. Izizathu zesenzo sokuvikelwa kwegesi
1. Izizathu zesenzo segesi elula
1.1. Umoya ungena ku-transformer ngenxa yesihlungi sikawoyela esingesihle, i-refueling noma uhlelo lokupholisa.
1.2. Izinga likawoyela liphansi kune-gas relay light buoy ngenxa yokwehla kwezinga lokushisa noma ukuvuza kukawoyela
1.3. Inani elincane legesi likhiqizwa ukwehluleka kwe-transformer
1.4. I-transformer inephutha le-short-circuit enqamulayo. Ngaphansi kwesenzo sephutha elingena manje, isivinini sokugeleza kwamafutha phakathi kwezikhala zamafutha siyashesha. Lapho umehluko wengcindezi phakathi kwegebe likawoyela nengaphandle lokujikoza ushintsha kakhulu, ukudluliselwa kwegesi kungase kungasebenzi kahle. Iphutha elidlulayo lidala ukuthi isenzo esisongayo sishise. Uma iphutha lamanje liningi, izinga lokushisa elijikajikayo likhuphuka ngokushesha, okubangela ukuba umthamo kawoyela unwebe, okubangela ukungasebenzi kahle kokudluliselwa kwegesi.
1.5, ukudluliselwa kwegesi noma ukwehluleka kwesekethe yesibili.
Izinto ezingenhla zingabangela ukuthi isignali yokuvikela igesi isebenze.
10. Ukwelashwa ngemva kwesenzo sokuvikela igesi
1. Ngemuva kokuthi idivayisi yokuvikela igesi ye-transformer isebenza, kufanele ihlolwe ngokucophelela, ihlaziywe ngokucophelela, futhi yahlulelwe kahle, futhi izinyathelo kufanele zithathwe ngokushesha.
A. Uma isignali yokuvikela igesi yenziwe yasebenza, hlola i-transformer ngokushesha ukuze uthole imbangela yesenzo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kubangelwa ukunqwabelana komoya, ukuncipha kwezinga likawoyela, iphutha lesekhethi yesibili noma iphutha langaphakathi i-transformer ephezulu. Uma kunegesi kusilayidi segesi, rekhoda inani legesi, bheka umbala wegesi futhi uhlole ukuthi iyasha yini, futhi uthathe amasampula egesi namafutha ukuze uhlaziye i-chromatographic. Imvelo yephutha ye-transformer inganqunywa ngokuvumelana nemithethonqubo kanye nemihlahlandlela efanele. Ukuhlaziywa kweChromatographic kubhekisela ekuhlaziyweni kwekhwalithi nokwamanani e-hydrogen, umoya-mpilo, i-carbon monoxide, i-carbon dioxide, i-methane, i-ethane, i-ethylene, i-acetylene namanye amagesi aqukethwe kugesi eqoqwe kusetshenziswa i-chromatograph. Nquma ngokunembile imvelo, ithrendi yokuthuthuka, nobukhulu bokwehluleka.
B. Uma igesi ekudlulisweni kwegesi ingenambala, ingenaphunga futhi ingashi, futhi ukuhlaziywa kwe-chromatographic kunquma ukuthi umoya, i-transformer ingaqhubeka nokusebenza futhi isuse iphutha lokungenisa umoya ngesikhathi.
Uma igesi ekudlulisweni kwegesi ivutha futhi umphumela wokuhlaziywa kwechromatographic wegesi encibilikile emafutheni ungavamile, kufanele kwenziwe isinqumo esibanzi ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi isiguquli siphelile yini isevisi.
2. Lapho i-Buchholz relay ithatha uhambo, i-transformer ngeke isetshenziswe kuze kube yilapho kutholakala imbangela futhi iphutha seliqediwe. Ukuze kutholwe izizathu, lezi zici ezilandelayo kufanele zicatshangelwe ngokuyinhloko futhi kufanele kwenziwe isinqumo esibanzi.
a. Ukuthi ukuphefumula kubi noma kuphelile;
b. Ukuthi amasekethe esibili afana nokuvikela kanye ne-DC ajwayelekile;
c. Ukuthi ukubukeka kwe-transformer kunento engavamile ebonisa ngokucacile uhlobo lwephutha;
d. Ukuthi igesi eqoqwe ku-relay yegesi iyasha yini;
e. Imiphumela yokuhlaziywa kwechromatographic yegesi ekudluliselweni kwegesi kanye negesi encibilike kuwoyela;
f. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kagesi edingekayo;
g. Isenzo samanye amadivaysi okuvikela ukudluliselwa kwe-transformer.
11. Izinyathelo zokuphepha ezihlobene nokuvikelwa kwegesi
Isenzo sokuvikela igesi, ukukhanya kuthumela isignali yesenzo sokuvikela ukukhumbuza izisebenzi zesondlo ukubhekana ne-transformer ngokushesha; okungathi sína ugila i-switch ye-transformer, okubangela ukuthi i-transformer iyeke ukusebenza ngokushesha, engakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukwethembeka kokunikezwa kwamandla. Izinyathelo zokulwa nengozi zokuvikela igesi ziyabekwa phambili. :
1. Shintsha i-buoy engezansi ye-relay yegesi ibe uhlobo lwe-baffle kanye nokuxhumana nohlobo olumile ukuze uthuthukise ukwethembeka kwesenzo segesi esindayo.
2. Ukuze kuvinjwe ukuthi i-relay yegesi ingafinyeleli ngenxa yokuvuza kwamanzi, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuvikela imvula kumatheminali ayo namabhokisi okuhola amakhebula.
3. Intambo eholayo ye-gas relay kufanele ibe intambo evikela uwoyela.
4. Izintambo eziholayo nezintambo zegesi ethunyelwayo kufanele zixhunywe kumatheminali ebhokisini letheminali elihola ikhebula ngokulandelana ngokulandelana.
