Kufuneka uyibone! Ingcaciso epheleleyo yokwakheka, ulwakhiwo, inkqubo yeoyile kunye nokusebenza kwempazamo kunye nokugcinwa kwayo

Ulwakhiwo lwe-transformer entywilisiweyo kwioyile

Inxalenye engundoqo ye-transformer entywilisiweyo kwi-oyile enamanqanaba amathathu yenziwe yi-core yentsimbi evaliweyo kunye neseti yokujika kwikholamu engundoqo yentsimbi. Ukongeza, kukho iitanki zepetroli, ii-oyile conservators, ii-casings, izixhobo zokuphefumla, iipayipi ezingaqhumiyo, ii-radiators, ii-tap changer, ii-gas relay, ii-thermometers, ii-oyile purifiers, njl.

1) umbindi wesinyithi

I-iron core yinxalenye yesekethe yemagnethi ye-transformer. Ukuze kuncitshiswe i-magnetic hysteresis kunye nokulahleka komsinga we-eddy kwi-iron core, i-iron core yenziwe ngamashiti esinyithi e-silicon anobukhulu obuyi-0.35mm ~ 0.5mm. Ngokwendlela ezibekwe ngayo ii-windings kwi-iron core, kukho uhlobo lwe-iron core kunye nohlobo lwe-iron shell. Inxalenye ethe nkqo ye-iron core ye-transformer yesigaba sesithathu ibizwa ngokuba yi-iron core column, kwaye i-low-voltage winding kunye ne-high-voltage winding ye-transformer zigqunywe kwikholam; i-horizontal part ibizwa ngokuba yi-iron joke, esetyenziselwa ukwenza i-closed magnetic circuit.

Kwii-transformers ezinkulu, ukuze kwenziwe ubushushu obuveliswa kukulahleka kwesiseko sesinyithi buthathwe ngokupheleleyo yi-oyile yokukhusela ngexesha lokujikeleza kwegazi, ukuze kufezekiswe isiphumo esihle sokupholisa, iindlela zeoyile yokupholisa zihlala zibonelelwa kwisiseko sesinyithi.

(2) Ukujikajika

Ukujikajika, okubizwa ngokuba yi-coil, yinxalenye yesekethe ye-transformer kwaye yahlulwe yaba zii-windings eziphambili nezesibini. Ukujikajika okuqhagamshelwe kumbane kuthiwa yi-winding yokuqala, kwaye ukujikajika okuqhagamshelwe kumthwalo kuthiwa yi-winding yesibini. Ukujikajika kokuqala kunye nesibini kugqunywe ngeentambo zobhedu okanye ze-aluminium ezigqunywe nge-insulation enamandla aphezulu.

Ii-windings eziphambili nezesibini zesigaba ngasinye se-transformer yesigaba esithathu zenziwe zibe yi-cylindrical kwaye zibotshelelwe kwikholamu efanayo yentsimbi, i-low-voltage winding enenani elincinci lokujika ibotshelelwe ngaphakathi nakufutshane nentsimbi, kwaye i-high-voltage winding enenani elikhulu lokujika ibotshelelwe ngaphandle kwe-low-voltage winding. Oku kubekwa kungenxa yokuba kulula ukuba i-low-voltage winding igqume i-core. I-sleeve eyenziwe ngezinto zokukhusela i-insulating isetyenziselwa ukwahlula i-low-voltage winding kunye ne-iron core kunye naphakathi kwe-high-voltage winding kunye ne-low-voltage winding ukuze igqume ngokuthembekileyo. Ukuze kube lula ukusasazwa kobushushu, kushiyeke umsantsa othile phakathi kwe-high-voltage windings njenge-oyile passage, ukuze i-transformer oil ikwazi ukuhamba.

Iimpazamo eziphambili ze-transformer windings kukujikeleza okufutshane phakathi kokujika kunye nokujikeleza okufutshane ukuya kwi-casing. I-Turn-to-turn short circuit ibangelwa ikakhulu kukuguga kwe-insulation, okanye ngenxa yokugqithiswa kwe-transformer kunye nomonakalo womatshini kwi-insulation ngexesha le-short circuit ehambayo. Inqanaba leoyile kwi-transformer liyehla, kangangokuba xa i-winding ityhileke kwinqanaba leoyile, i-inter-turn short circuit nayo inokwenzeka; ukongeza, xa kukho i-cross-circuit, i-winding iyaphazamiseka ngenxa yempembelelo ye-overcurrent, kwaye i-insulation yonakele ngoomatshini, kwaye i-inter-turn short circuit nayo iya kwenzeka.

Xa imfutshane phakathi kokujika, umbane kwi-shorted winding ungadlula ixabiso elilinganiselweyo, kodwa umbane we-wind current awunakudlula ixabiso elilinganiselweyo. Kwimeko enjalo, ukhuseleko lwegesi luyasebenza, kwaye isixhobo sokukhusela umahluko siya kusebenza naxa imeko imbi kakhulu.

Isizathu sokujikeleza okufutshane kwikhabhathi sikwabangelwa kukwaluphala kwe-insulation okanye ukufuma kwi-oyile, ukwehla kwinqanaba leoyile, okanye ngenxa yombane kunye nokugqithisa kwe-voltage yokusebenza. Ukongeza, xa kwenzeka i-cross-circuit, ukujija kuyaphazamiseka ngenxa yokugqithisa kombane, kwaye i-short-circuit kwikhabhathi nayo iya kwenzeka. Xa kujikeleza okufutshane kwikhabhathi, ngokubanzi yintshukumo yesixhobo sokukhusela igesi kunye nentshukumo yokukhusela umhlaba.

(3) Itanki yepetroli

Itanki yeoyile yingxobo engaphandle yetransformer, isiseko sentsimbi kunye nee-windings zifakelwe kuyo, kwaye izaliswe yioyile yetransformer. Kwiitransformer ezinomthamo omkhulu, kufakwa izinki zobushushu okanye iipayipi zobushushu ngaphandle kwetanki. Ukuvuza kweoyile yingxaki eqhelekileyo kwiitanki zepetroli.

Ioyile yetransformer yioyile yeminerali eneempawu ezilungileyo zokuthintela ubushushu, enemisebenzi emibini:

Eyokuqala kukuthintela ukugquma. Ukusebenza kokuthintela ukugquma kweoyile yetransformer kungcono kunokomoya. Ukuntywiliselwa kwee-windings kwioyile kunokuphucula ukusebenza kokuthintela ukugquma kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, kwaye kuthintele ukudibana nomoya ukuthintela ukugquma ukufuma;

Okwesibini kukusebenza kokusasaza ubushushu, okusebenzisa i-convection yeoyile ukusasaza ubushushu obuveliswa yintsimbi kunye nokujika okuya ngaphandle ngodonga lwebhokisi kunye nombhobho wokusasaza ubushushu. Ioyile ye-transformer yahlulwe ngokweemfuno ezintathu: Inombolo 10, Inombolo 25, kunye nenombolo 45 ngokwendawo yayo yokuqandisa. Iindawo zabo zokuqandisa yi -10°C, -25°C, kunye ne -45°C, ezikhethwa ngokubanzi ngokweemeko zemozulu zasekuhlaleni.

(4) Umqamelo weoyile (umqamelo weoyile)

I-oil conservator, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-oil pillow, sisikhongozeli esisilinda esibekwe ngokuthe tye phezu kwetanki yeoyile kwaye siqhagamshelwe kwitanki yeoyile ye-transformer ngombhobho. Umthamo we-oil conservator ngokubanzi umalunga ne-10% yomthamo wetanki yeoyile. I-oil conservator yi-oil conservator yohlobo lwe-capsule, kwaye i-capsule iyahlula ioyile ekwi-oil conservator emoyeni wangaphandle. Xa ioyile ye-transformer ikhuliswa ngobushushu, ioyile iphuma kwitanki yeoyile iye kwi-oil conservator; xa ioyile ye-transformer incipha, ioyile iphuma kwi-oyile conservator iye kwitanki yeoyile. I-oil conservator inemisebenzi emibini: Okokuqala, xa umthamo weoyile ye-transformer usanda okanye uncipha ngokutshintsha kobushushu beoyile, i-oyile conservator isebenza njengendawo yokugcina kunye nokugcwalisa ioyile, iqinisekisa ukuba itanki yeoyile izaliswe yioyile kwaye umongo wentsimbi kunye nokujika kumanzi. Kwioyile; eyesibini kukunciphisa indawo yoqhagamshelwano phakathi komphezulu weoyile nomoya ukuthintela ioyile ye-transformer ekubeni imanzi kwaye yonakale.

Umboniso wenqanaba leoyile we-oyile conservator usebenzisa i-connecting rod type ferromagnetic oil level gauge ukuze kubonwe inqanaba leoyile. I-oyile level gauge ikrolwe ngomgca oqhelekileyo wenqanaba leoyile xa ubushushu beoyile buyi-30℃, +20℃ kunye ne-+40℃, esetyenziswa njengomgangatho wokuzalisa ioyile. I-+40℃ kuphawu lwenqanaba leoyile ibonisa inqanaba eliphezulu leoyile ye-transformer ekusebenzeni komthwalo opheleleyo xa ubushushu obuphezulu bendawo yokufakela buyi-+40℃, kwaye inqanaba leoyile akufuneki lidlule kulo mgca; I-+20℃ ibonisa inqanaba leoyile xa ubushushu obuqhelekileyo bonyaka buyi-+20℃ ngexesha lokusebenza komthwalo opheleleyo Ukuphakama; I--30℃ ithetha umgca ophantsi wenqanaba leoyile ye-transformer engenamthwalo xa indawo ikwi--30℃, kwaye akufuneki ibe ngaphantsi kwalo mgca. Ukuba inqanaba leoyile liphantsi kakhulu, yongeza ioyile. I-oyile pillow inemingxuma yokuphefumla, ukuze indawo ephezulu yomqamelo weoyile inxibelelane nomoya. Xa ioyile yetransformer isanda kwaye incipha ngobushushu, umoya ophezulu kumqamelo weoyile ungena kwaye uphume ngomngxuma wokuphefumla, kwaye inqanaba leoyile linokunyuka okanye lehle ukuthintela ukuguquka okanye ukonakala kwetanki yeoyile.

(5) Umkhono

Intambo ekhokelayo ye-transformer winding iqhagamshelwe kwisekethe yangaphandle nge-guide rod. I-bushing sisigqubuthelo esiphakathi kwe-guide rod kunye ne-box cover, edlala indima yokukhusela nokulungisa i-guide rod. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ze-casing: i-casing enoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye ne-casing enoxinzelelo oluphantsi.

isikhongozeli sokukhusela

Iintambo ze-lead zee-transformer windings kufuneka zidlule kwii-insulating sleeves ukuze zigqume ii-live leads xa zikhutshwa etankini kwaye ziphuma etankini. I-insulating sleeve yenziwe kakhulu yi-central conductive rod kunye ne-magnetic sleeve. Elinye icala le-conductive rod etankini yepetroli liqhagamshelwe kwi-winding, kwaye elinye icala elingaphandle liqhagamshelwe kwi-external circuit. Liyinxalenye enengxaki ye-transformer.

Ukwakhiwa kwe-insulating bushing kuxhomekeke kakhulu kudidi lwe-voltage. Kwi-voltage ephantsi, kusetyenziswa i-sleeve elula eqinileyo ye-magnetic. Xa i-voltage iphezulu, ukuze komelezwe amandla okufakelwa, kushiywa umaleko ogcwele ioyile phakathi kwe-porcelain sleeve kunye ne-conductive rod. Olu hlobo lwe-bushing lubizwa ngokuba yi-oil-filled bushing. Xa i-voltage ingaphezulu kwe-110kV, kusetyenziswa i-capacitive charging bushing, ebizwa ngokuba yi-capacitive bushing ngamafutshane. Ukongeza ekuzaliseni umngxuma wangaphakathi we-porcelain sleeve ngeoyile, i-capacitive bushing ikwanayo ne-capacitive insulator phakathi kwe-central conductive rod (hollow copper tube) kunye ne-flange yokusonga i-conductive rod njengonxibelelwano oluphambili phakathi kwe-flange kunye ne-conductive rod.

Ukuvuza kweoyile ye-transformer bushing yeyona ngxaki ixhaphakileyo. Isizathu sokuvuza kweoyile ye-bushing kukuguga kweringi yerabha yokutywina ene-abacus beaded kwinxalenye ephezulu ye-bushing kunye ne-gasket yerabha ethe tyaba ezantsi kwe-bushing.

(6) Umphefumli

Isixhobo sokuphefumla, esaziwa ngokuba sisixhobo esifana ne-hygroscopic, sidla ngokuba netyhubhu kunye nesikhongozeli seglasi esine-desiccant (i-silica gel okanye i-alumina esebenzayo) ngaphakathi. Xa umoya osemqamelweni weoyile usanda okanye uncipha ngomthamo weoyile ye-transformer, umoya ophelileyo okanye ophefumliweyo udlula kwisixhobo sokuphefumla, kwaye i-desiccant ekwisixhobo sokuphefumla ifunxa umswakama emoyeni kwaye ihluze umoya ukuze igcine ioyile icocekile. Ijeli ye-silica efakwe i-cobalt chloride, amasuntswana ayo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka xa omile, kodwa njengoko ijeli ye-silica ifunxa amanzi kwaye isondele ekugcwalisweni, ijeli ye-silica e-granular iya kuba mhlophe okanye bomvu, kwaye kunokugwetywa ukuba ijeli ye-silica ayiphumelelanga na. Ijeli ye-silica emanzi inokuhlaziywa ngokutsha ngokufudumeza nokomisa. Xa umbala wamasuntswana e-silica gel uba yi-cobalt blue, umsebenzi wokuhlaziya uyagqitywa.

(7) Isixhobo sokunciphisa uxinzelelo

Izixhobo zokunciphisa uxinzelelo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni ii-transformers zamandla. Kwi-transformer yamandla egcwele ioyile ye-transformer, ukuba kukho isiphene sangaphakathi okanye i-short circuit eyenzekayo, i-arcing iya kuyitshisa ioyile ngoko nangoko, nto leyo ekhokelela ekwandeni okukhawulezileyo koxinzelelo etankini. Ukuba olu xinzelelo alukhutshwa ngokukhawuleza, itanki yamafutha inokuqhekeka, itshize ipetroli evuthayo kwindawo enkulu, nto leyo enokubangela umlilo kwaye ibangele umonakalo omkhulu, ngoko ke kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo okuthintela oku ukuba kungenzeki. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zezixhobo zokukhulula uxinzelelo: umbhobho othintela ukuqhuma kunye ne-pressure releaser. Umbhobho othintela ukuqhuma usetyenziselwa ii-transformers ezincinci, kwaye i-pressure releaser isetyenziselwa ii-transformers ezinkulu neziphakathi.

Umbhobho ongakwaziyo ukuqhuma (okwaziwa ngokuba ngumbhobho wokujova ipetroli)

Umbhobho othintela ukuqhuma ufakwe kwisigqubuthelo esiphezulu se-transformer, umbhobho ofana nexilongo uqhagamshelwe emoyeni, kwaye umlomo uvalwe ngefilimu. Xa kukho isiphene ngaphakathi kwi-transformer, ubushushu beoyile buyanyuka, ioyile iyabola ngamandla ukuze kuveliswe igesi eninzi, kwaye uxinzelelo olukwitanki yeoyile luyanda kakhulu. Xa uxinzelelo olukwitanki yeoyile lunyuka luye kwi-5×104Pa, ifilimu yombhobho othintela ukuqhuma iyaphuka, kwaye ioyile negesi ziyakhutshwa kwi-nozzle ukuthintela ukuqhuma okanye ukuguqulwa kwetanki yeoyile ye-transformer.

isikhululi soxinzelelo

Xa kuthelekiswa nemibhobho engaqhumiyo, izikhuphi zoxinzelelo zinezibonelelo zempazamo encinci yoxinzelelo lokuvula, ixesha elifutshane lokulibaziseka (ii-2ms kuphela), ulawulo lobushushu obuphezulu, kunye nesenzo esiphindaphindwayo, ngoko ke zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiitransformer ezinkulu neziphakathi.

Isixhobo sokukhulula uxinzelelo sikwabizwa ngokuba sisinciphisi soxinzelelo, esifakwe kwisigqubuthelo esiphezulu setanki yetransformer, njengevalvu yokhuseleko yebhoyila. Xa uxinzelelo olukwitanki yepetroli ludlula ixabiso elichaziweyo, ucango lokutywina (ivalvu) yesikhupheli soxinzelelo luyatyhalwa luvuleke, igesi iyakhutshwa, kwaye emva kokuba uxinzelelo lunciphisiwe, ucango lokutywina luvalwa kwakhona ngoxinzelelo lwentwasahlobo. Isikhupheli soxinzelelo singasuswa ngaphambi kokuba sisetyenziswe okanye ngexesha lokulungiswa ukuze kulinganiswe kwaye kulungiswe uxinzelelo lwaso lokusebenza.

Ukulungiswa koxinzelelo lokusebenza kwesixhobo sokukhulula uxinzelelo kufuneka kuhambelane nokulungiswa kwesantya sokuhamba kokusebenza kwe-gas relay.

I-pressure releaser ifakwe kwinxalenye ephezulu yesiciko setanki yepetroli, kwaye ngokubanzi iqhagamshelwe nombhobho wokunyusa ukuze ukuphakama kwe-releaser kulingane nokuphakama komqamelo weoyile, ukuze kupheliswe umahluko woxinzelelo olungaguqukiyo kuxinzelelo lweoyile phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo.

(8) Irediyetha

Uhlobo lweradiator lunemibhobho erhabaxa, efana nefeni, isangqa, nombhobho wokukhupha umoya, njl. Okukhona indawo yokusasaza ubushushu inkulu, kokukhona isiphumo sokusasaza ubushushu siba ngcono. Xa kukho umahluko phakathi kobushushu phakathi kobushushu beoyile yomaleko ophezulu wetransformer kunye nobushushu beoyile yomaleko ongezantsi, ukujikeleza kweoyile kwenziwa ngeradiator, kwaye ibuyela kwitanki yeoyile emva kokuba ipholile yiradiator, nto leyo enciphisa ubushushu betransformer. Ukuze kuphuculwe isiphumo sokupholisa setransformer, amanyathelo anjengokupholisa umoya, ukupholisa umoya weoyile ngokunyanzelwa kunye nokupholisa amanzi eoyile ngokunyanzelwa anokusetyenziswa. Ukusilela okuphambili kweradiator kukuvuza kweoyile.

(9) Ukudluliselwa kwegesi eBuchholz

Faka i-Buchholz relay phakathi kwe-oil conservator kunye nombhobho wokudibanisa we-transformer tank cover usebenzisa i-flange. Ngexesha lokusebenza, i-Buchholz relay igcwele ioyile. Xa kuvela impazamo encinci ngaphakathi kwe-transformer kwaye kuvela amaqamza, aya kuqala aqokelele kwindawo ephezulu ye-Buchholz relay. Kwaye unyanzele ukuba inqanaba leoyile lehle, ukuze indebe yokuvula ephezulu ilahlekelwe buoyancy kwaye ubunzima bayo bunyuke, ukuze ijike kwicala elichaseneyo, okwenza i-magnet isondele kwi-reed switch. Umgaqo wohlobo lwe-contact baffle olusezantsi uyafana.

(10) Isixhobo sokulinganisa ubushushu

Ukunyuka kobushushu bomphezulu weoyile kubhekisa kwixabiso apho ubushushu bomphezulu weoyile kwitanki yeoyile buvunyelwe ukuba budlule ubushushu obungqongileyo xa i-transformer isebenza phantsi kwemeko elinganisiweyo.

Ubushushu beoyile yomzimba oyintloko wetransformer bubekwe okwethutyana kwi-alamu kwi-80°C kwaye butshintshe kwi-100°C.

(11) Imela yokumisa engakhethi cala

Indlela yokumisa i-neutral point grounding yenkqubo yamandla ye-110kV yelizwe lam isebenzisa ikakhulu indlela yokumisa i-neutral point direct grounding (kuquka indlela yokumisa i-neutral point grounding ngokusebenzisa ukumelana okuncinci), oko kukuthi, inkqubo yamandla amakhulu okumisa i-grounding. Kuba le nkqubo inombane omkhulu we-ground short-circuit xa kwenzeka impazamo yomhlaba yesigaba esinye.

Xa i-transformer icinyiwe, indawo yayo engathathi cala kufuneka ibekwe phantsi komhlaba. Ngenxa yokuba i-transformer winding i-semi-insulation (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-graded insulation), oko kukuthi, i-insulation ephambili yenxalenye ekufutshane ne-neutral ye-transformer winding, inqanaba layo lokufakelwa liphantsi kunenqanaba lokufakelwa kwe-insulation yesiphelo sokufakelwa kwe-winding. Ke ngoko, ukuze kuthintelwe umonakalo we-overvoltage kwi-transformer, indawo engathathi cala kufuneka ibekwe phantsi komhlaba xa i-transformer icinyiwe.

(12) Itshintshi yetap (ekwaziwa ngokuba yiswitcher)

Xa i-oil conservator isetyenziselwa i-transformer elawula i-voltage ekwi-load, i-switch oil conservator engenazo ii-capsules ifakwa ezantsi kwe-oil conservator.

Iindlela zokulawula i-voltage ye-transformer zahlulwe zibe ziintlobo ezimbini: ulawulo lwe-voltage ekwi-load kunye nolawulo lwe-voltage engenamthwalo:

Ulawulo lwevolthi elayishwayo luthetha ukuba itransformer inokuyilungisa indawo yayo yokumpompa ngexesha lokusebenza, ngaloo ndlela itshintsha umlinganiselo wotshintsho lwetransformer ukuze kufezekiswe injongo yolawulo lwevolthi.

Iimpompo zetransformer zihlala zicofwa kwicala le-voltage ephezulu, nto leyo eqwalasela ikakhulu:

(1) Ukujija kwe-transformer okunamandla aphezulu kudla ngokuba ngaphandle, kwaye impompo kulula ukuyidibanisa;

(2) Umbane okwicala le-voltage ephezulu umncinci, kwaye icandelo elinqamlezileyo le-conductor yentambo ye-lead kunye nenxalenye ethwala umbane yeswitshi esahlulweyo incinci, kwaye impembelelo yonxibelelwano olubi ingasombululwa ngokulula.

Ngokwesiseko, itephu ingaba macala omabini, kwaye kufuneka uthelekiso olunoqoqosho nolwezobugcisa. Umzekelo, itephu ye-500kV enkulu esezantsi itsalwa kwicala le-220kV, ngelixa icala le-500kV lilungisiwe.

Xa i-voltage iphantsi kakhulu okanye iphezulu kakhulu, kwaye kuyimfuneko ukulungisa iimpompo ezininzi ze-tap-changer ezikwi-load ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela imeko:

Kufuneka ilungiswe igiya enye ngexesha, oko kukuthi, ngalo lonke ixesha iqhosha le-N+1 okanye le-N-1 licinezelwe, liya kuma umzuzu omnye phakathi, kwaye xa kuvela inombolo entsha kwisalathisi segiya, cofa iqhosha kwakhona. Phinda le nkqubo ingentla ngokulandelelana de kufikelelwe usukelo lokugqibela. Xa umsebenzi wombane uqhagamshelwe (oko kukuthi, umsebenzi omnye, kuya kulungiswa ngaphezulu kwetephu enye, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-sliding), indawo yesibini yokucofa kufuneka ivele kwisalathisi segiya kwisikrini solawulo se-transformer esiphambili, kwaye ucinezele iqhosha likaxakeka ngoko nangoko. Iqhosha lokumisa kwaye utshintshele ekusebenzeni ngesandla.

(13) Isicoci seoyile (esaziwa ngokuba sisihluzi somahluko kubushushu)

Isicoci seoyile sisikhongozeli esizaliswe yi-adsorbent (i-silica gel okanye i-alumina esebenzayo), efakelwe eludongeni olusecaleni lwetanki ye-transformer okanye inxalenye esezantsi ye-oyile epholileyo. Xa i-transformer isebenza, ngenxa yomahluko wobushushu phakathi kweeleya zeoyile eziphezulu nezisezantsi, ioyile ye-transformer idlula kwi-oyile ehlanzayo ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi ukuze yenze i-convection. Xa ioyile idibana ne-adsorbent, umswakama, ii-asidi kunye nee-oxide ezikuyo ziyafunxwa, okwenza ioyile icoceke kwaye yandise ubomi benkonzo yeoyile.

Inkqubo yeoyile ye-transformer entywilisiweyo yeoyile

Iitransformer ezintywilisiweyo kwioyile zineenkqubo ezininzi zeoyile ezizimeleyo ezahlulwe enye kwenye. Xa itransformer entywilisiweyo kwioyile isebenza, ioyile kwezi nkqubo zeoyile ezizimeleyo ayidibani, kwaye umgangatho weoyile kunye neemeko zokusebenza nazo zahlukile.

(1) Inkqubo yeoyile yangaphakathi yomzimba oyintloko

Iinkqubo zeoyile ezinxibelelana neoyile ejikeleze iiwindings zonke ziinkqubo ezisemzimbeni oyintloko, kuquka ioyile ekwi-cooler okanye i-radiator, ioyile ekwi-oyile conservator, kunye neoyile ekwi-oyile-filled bushing ye-35kV nangaphantsi.

Xa kuzaliswa ioyile, iiplagi zegesi eziphuma igazi ezigcinwe kwinkqubo yeoyile kufuneka zikhutshwe. Ngokubanzi, ezi zinto zingasentla kufuneka zibe neeplagi zazo zokuphuma igazi. Ioyile emzimbeni oyintloko idlala indima yokuthintela nokupholisa. Ioyile ikwanyusa amandla ombane ephepha lokukhusela okanye ikhadibhodi yokukhusela. Ngexesha lokuzaliswa kweoyile ye-vacuum, ukuba ezinye iindawo azikwazi ukumelana namandla afanayo e-vacuum njengetanki yeoyile ephambili, kufuneka kusetyenziswe ukwahlulwa kwesango okwethutyana, njengevalvu yesango phakathi kwe-oyile conservator kunye netanki yeoyile ephambili. Intloko yepompo yeoyile engaphantsi komhlaba kwi-cooler kufuneka yanele ukuthintela ukuphefumla umoya ngenxa yoxinzelelo olubi. Le nkqubo yeoyile kufuneka ibe nenkqubo yokukhusela isixhobo sokunciphisa uxinzelelo ukususa uxinzelelo oluveliswayo xa umzimba unesiphako.

(2) Ioyile ekwindawo yokutshintsha i-diverter yesixhobo sokutshintsha i-tap esikwi-load

Le nxalenye yeoyile inenkqubo yayo yokukhusela, oko kukuthi i-flow relay, i-oil conservator, i-pressure relief valve. Ioyile ekwigumbi lokutshintsha isebenza njenge-insulation kwaye icima umbane. Ioyile iya kungena kwioyile eyenziweyo xa iswitshi yokujika inqumla umbane womthwalo. Le nkqubo yeoyile ifuna ukusebenza kakuhle kokuvala, kwaye ukusebenza kokuvala kufuneka kukhuselwe nokuba uxinzelelo lwe-arc lwenziwa ngexesha lenkqubo yokutshintsha.

Nangona ioyile ekwigumbi lokutshintsha i-diverter ye-tap-changer ekwi-load ikhutshiwe kwioyile ekwi-main body, ukuze kuthintelwe ukonakala kwe-diverter switch chamber ngexesha lokuzaliswa kweoyile ye-vacuum, kufuneka itshizwe ngeoyile ye-vacuum ngaxeshanye neoyile ekwi-main body. Inkqubo inomgangatho ofanayo we-vacuum, ukuba kuyimfuneko, i-oyile conservator yale nkqubo nayo kufuneka ikhutshiwe xa iphuma. Ukuze kube lula ulwakhiwo, itanki yokugcina ioyile yomzimba oyintloko kunye netanki yokugcina ioyile yegumbi lokutshintsha zenziwe zahlulwe zodwa.

(3) Ivalwe ngokupheleleyo ukuze ifikelele kumanqanaba ombane angama-60kV nangaphezulu

Umsebenzi ophambili wale nkqubo yeoyile kukufaka i-insulation, okanye ukonyusa amandla ombane ephepha lokufaka i-insulation kwi-oil capacitor bushing. Xa i-oyile ifakwa emzimbeni oyintloko, isiphelo esisekupheleni kwesingxobo kufuneka sivalwe kakuhle ukuze kuthintelwe ukungena komoya.

umfanekiso

(4) Ioyile kwibhokisi yokukhupha umoya enoxinzelelo oluphezulu, okanye ioyile kwibhokisi yokukhupha umoya enegesi

Umgca ophumayo we-high-voltage transformer ye-500kV enamanqanaba amathathu uhlukaniswe ngenkqubo yeoyile yokugquma ehlanganisiweyo. Le nkqubo yeoyile isebenza kakhulu njenge-insulation.

Ukuze kube lula ukwenza ulwakhiwo, le nkqubo yeoyile inokudibaniswa nenkqubo yeoyile emzimbeni oyintloko ngombhobho odibanisayo okanye yenzelwe inkqubo yeoyile eyahlukileyo.

(5) Uvavanyo olwahlukeneyo lokukhusela ubushushu lwenziwa kwiitransformer ezintywilisiweyo kwioyile

Eyokuqala kukuphuma kwegazi, okukhupha igesi enokugcineka ngeplagi ephuma igazi. Ukubakho okanye ukungabikho kokusilela okunokwenzeka kunokuxelwa kwangaphambili ngokuhlalutya uhlalutyo lwe-chromatographic yegesi kwioyile yenkqubo nganye. Inkqubo nganye yeoyile kufuneka ihlangabezane neemfuno zokusebenza, ezifana nokufunxa utshintsho lomthamo weoyile xa ioyile isanda kwaye incipha, ivalvu yokukhupha ioyile, iplagi yomoya, ivalvu yokwahlukanisa yecooler kunye neradiator kunye netanki yeoyile ephambili, njl. Inkqubo nganye yeoyile isebenza kakuhle ekuvaleni. Ioyile kwigumbi lokutshintsha i-tap-changeer diverter kufuneka itshintshwe ngokwahlukileyo ngaphandle kokukhulula ioyile emzimbeni oyintloko. Ioyile emzimbeni oyintloko inokukhululwa kwaye izaliswe yi-nitrogen eyomileyo ngexesha lokuthuthwa.

Uhlalutyo lweMpazamo kwiTransformer entywilisiweyo kwiOyile

Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo zeetransformer ezisebenzayo ziquka iimpazamo zeewindings, iibushings, ii-tap-changers, ii-iron cores, iitanki zeoyile kunye nezinye izixhobo.

(1) Ukusilela kokujika

Kukho ikakhulu i-inter-turn short circuit, i-winding grounding, i-inter-phase short circuit, i-wire breakage kunye ne-joint welding.

(2) Ukungaphumeleli kwebhokisi

I-transformer bushing ingcolile, nto leyo ebangela ungcoliseko olukhulu xa kukho inkungu enkulu okanye imvula encinci, nto leyo eyenza ukuba i-single-phase grounding okanye i-phase-to-phase ibe yi-short-circuit kwicala le-high-voltage ye-transformer.

(3) Ukuvuza okukhulu

Ukuvuza kweoyile yetransformer kukhulu okanye kuqhubeka kugcwala kwindawo eyonakeleyo, kangangokuba igeyiji yenqanaba leoyile ayisakwazi ukubona inqanaba leoyile. Ngeli xesha, itransformer kufuneka imiswe ngoko nangoko ukuze kulungiswe ukuvuza nokugcwalisa ipetroli. Isizathu sokuvuza kweoyile yetransformer kukuqhekeka komthungo we-welding okanye ukutywina. Iindawo ziyasilela, kwaye itanki yepetroli igqwalile kakhulu kwaye yonakaliswe kukungcangcazela kunye namandla angaphandle ngexesha lokusebenza.

(4) Ukusilela kokutshintsha kwetaphu

Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukudibana okungahambi kakuhle okanye indawo engachanekanga yesixhobo sokutshintsha itephu, ukunyibilika nokutsha kumphezulu woqhagamshelwano, kunye nokukhutshwa kwee-interphase contacts okanye ukukhutshwa kwetephu nganye.

(5) Ukusilela ngenxa yombane ogqithisileyo

Xa i-transformer esebenza ibethwa ngumbane, ngenxa yamandla aphezulu ombane, iya kubangela i-overvoltage ngaphandle kwe-transformer. Xa ezinye iiparameter zenkqubo yamandla zitshintsha, ngenxa ye-electromagnetic oscillation, iya kubangela i-overvoltage ngaphakathi kwe-transformer. Uninzi lomonakalo we-transformer obangelwa yi-overvoltage kukonakala kwe-insulation ephambili ye-winding, okubangela ukungaphumeleli kwe-transformer.

(6) Ukusilela kwesiseko sesinyithi

Ukungaphumeleli kwe-iron core kubangelwa kakhulu kukonakala kwe-insulation ye-through-core screw ye-iron core column okanye i-clamping screw ye-iron core.

(7) Ingxaki yokuvuza kweoyile

Ukuba inqanaba leoyile yeoyile yetransformer liphantsi kakhulu, iileyiti ze-bushing kunye ne-tap changer ziyavezwa emoyeni, kwaye inqanaba lobushushu liya kuncipha kakhulu, ngoko ke kulula ukubangela ukukhupha ukungcola.

Ukusebenza kunye nokugcinwa kwetransformer

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo kunye nokunikezelwa kwamandla okuthembekileyo kwe-transformer, xa kuvela imeko engaqhelekanga kwi-transformer, inokufunyanwa ngexesha, ijongwane nayo ngexesha, kwaye isuse isiphene kwi-bud ukuthintela ukwenzeka kunye nokwanda kwengozi. Ke ngoko, i-transformer esebenzayo kufuneka ihlolwe rhoqo. kwaye yenze irekhodi yokusebenza.

(1) Indlela eqhelekileyo yokusebenza kwetransformer

① Imo yokusebenza elinganisiweyo

Phantsi kweemeko zokupholisa ezichaziweyo, i-transformer ingasebenza ngokweemfuno ezikwiphepha legama. Ubushushu obuvumelekileyo be-transformer entywilisiweyo kwi-oyile ngexesha lokusebenza kufuneka buhlolwe ngokweeqondo lobushushu be-oyile ephezulu. Ubushushu be-oyile ephezulu kufuneka buhambelane nemigaqo yomenzi, kodwa ubuninzi akufuneki budlule kwi-95 ℃. Ukuze kuthintelwe ukuba i-oyile ye-transformer ingonakali ngokukhawuleza, ubushushu be-oyile ephezulu akufuneki budlule kwi-85 ℃ rhoqo.

I-voltage esetyenzisiweyo ye-transformer ngokubanzi ayifanele idlule kwi-105% yexabiso elilinganisiweyo. Ngeli xesha, icala lesibini le-transformer linokuthwala umsinga olinganisiweyo. Kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, i-voltage esetyenzisiweyo inokuba yi-110% ye-voltage elinganisiweyo emva kovavanyo okanye ngemvume yomenzi.

② Vumela ukugqithisa kakhulu

Iitransformer zinokusebenza phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokuxinaniswa okanye zokuxinaniswa ngengozi. Ukuxinaniswa okuqhelekileyo kungasetyenziswa rhoqo, kwaye ixabiso laso elivumelekileyo limiselwa ngokwegophe lomthwalo wetransformer, iimeko zokupholisa kunye nomthwalo othwalwa yitransformer ngaphambi kokuxinaniswa. Ukuxinaniswa ngengozi kuvunyelwe kuphela kwiimeko zengozi (iitransformer ezisasebenza).

Ixabiso elivumelekileyo lokugqithiswa ngengozi kufuneka lihambelane nemigaqo yomenzi; ukuba akukho mithetho yomenzi, i-transformer ezipholisela ioyile entywilisiweyo ngokwayo ingasetyenziswa ngokweemfuno ezikwitheyibhile engasezantsi.

(2) Ukusebenza okungaqhelekanga kunye nonyango olungxamisekileyo lweetransformer

(a) Isiganeko esingaqhelekanga esisebenzayo. Ukuba kukho nasiphi na isiganeko esingaqhelekanga esifunyenweyo ekusebenzeni kwe-transformer (njengokuvuza kweoyile, inqanaba elaneleyo leoyile kumqamelo weoyile, ukufudumeza okungaqhelekanga, isandi esingaqhelekanga, njl.njl.), zama ukuyisusa. Ukuba kwenzeka enye yezi meko zilandelayo, yeka ngoko nangoko ukuze ulungise.

① Isandi sangaphakathi siphezulu, asilingani, kwaye kukho isandi esiqhumayo.

② Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokupholisa, ubushushu abuqhelekanga kwaye buhlala bunyuka.

③ Umqamelo weoyile okanye inaliti yombhobho engaqhumiyo.

④ Ukuvuza kweoyile kubangela ukuba inqanaba leoyile lehle ngaphantsi komda kwisalathisi senqanaba leoyile.

⑤ Umbala weoyile utshintsha kakhulu, kwaye kukho ikhabhoni kwioyile.

⑥ Ibhokisi yonakele kakhulu kwaye ikhupha amanzi.

(b) Ukugqithisa okungavumelekanga, ukunyuka kobushushu okungaqhelekanga kunye namanqanaba eoyile. Ukuba ukugqithisela kwetransformer kudlula ixabiso elivumelekileyo, umthwalo wetransformer kufuneka ulungiswe ngexesha. Xa ukunyuka kobushushu beoyile yetransformer kudlula umda ovumelekileyo, unobangela kufuneka uchongwe kwaye kuthathwe amanyathelo okunciphisa. Ke ngoko, kufuneka kwenziwe lo msebenzi ulandelayo.

① Jonga umthwalo wetransformer kunye nobushushu besixhobo sokupholisa, kwaye ujonge nobushushu obufanele ukuba buphantsi komthwalo kunye nobushushu bokupholisa.

② Jonga i-thermometer.

③ Jonga ukuba i-transformer ingena njani na umoya okanye igumbi le-transformer.

Ukuba kufunyaniswe ukuba ubushushu beoyile bungaphezulu kwe-10°C kunesiqhelo phantsi komthwalo ofanayo kunye nobushushu bokupholisa, okanye umthwalo awutshintshi, ubushushu beoyile buyaqhubeka nokunyuka, kwaye isixhobo sokupholisa, umoya wegumbi le-transformer kunye ne-thermometer zonke ziqhelekile, isenokuba yimpazamo yangaphakathi ye-transformer (njengomlilo we-Iron core, i-short circuit phakathi kwee-coil layers, njl.njl.), yima ngoko nangoko ukuze ilungiswe.

Ukuba ioyile yetransformer iqinile, ivumelekile ukuba isebenzise itransformer ngomthwalo, kodwa kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela ukuba ubushushu beoyile ephezulu kunye nokujikeleza kweoyile kuqhelekile na.

Xa kufunyaniswe ukuba inqanaba leoyile yetransformer liphantsi kakhulu kunenqanaba leoyile yobushushu beoyile ngelo xesha, kufuneka igcwaliswe ngoko nangoko. Ukuba inqanaba leoyile lehla ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yokuvuza okukhulu kweoyile, akuvumelekanga ukutshintsha i-gas relay ukuba isebenze kuphela kwisignali, kodwa kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo okumisa ukuvuza nokugcwalisa ioyile ngoko nangoko.

(c) Ukucutshungulwa xa i-relay yeBuchholz isebenza. Xa isignali ye-relay yegesi isebenza, i-transformer kufuneka ihlolwe ukuze kufunyaniswe unobangela wesenzo sesignali, nokuba kungenxa yokungena komoya kwi-transformer, okanye kungenxa yokwehla kwenqanaba leoyile, okanye ukusilela kwesekethe yesibini. Ukuba impazamo ayinakufunyanwa ngaphandle kwe-transformer, kuyimfuneko ukuchonga uhlobo lwegesi eqokelelene kwi-relay. Ukuba igesi ayinambala, ayinavumba kwaye ayitshi, ngumoya owahlulwe kwi-oyile, kwaye i-transformer ingaqhubeka nokusebenza. Ukuba igesi iyatsha, i-transformer kufuneka imiswe kwaye unobangela wesenzo kufuneka ufundwe ngononophelo.

Xa ujonga ukuba igesi iyatsha na, kufuneka ulumke kakhulu ukuba ungawubeki umlilo kufutshane nomphezulu we-relay, kodwa ubeke i-5-6cm ngaphezulu kwayo.

Ukuba isenzo se-Buchholz relay asibangelwanga kukungena komoya kwi-transformer, kufuneka kujongwe i-flash point yeoyile. Ukuba i-flash point iphantsi kunerekhodi yangaphambili ngaphezu kwe-5°C, oko kuthetha ukuba kukho isiphene kwi-transformer.

Ukuba i-transformer iyawa ngenxa yesenzo se-gas relay, kwaye uhlolo lubonakalisa ukuba yigesi evuthayo, i-transformer ayisayi kuphinda isebenze ngaphandle kokuhlolwa okukhethekileyo novavanyo.

Ngokwendlela ephoswe ngayo, kukho iintlobo ezimbini zezenzo ze-gas relay: enye yintshukumo yesignali ngaphandle kokukhubeka; enye yintshukumo yababini ngaxeshanye.

Isenzo sesignali ngaphandle kokukhubeka sidla ngokuba nezizathu ezilandelayo.

① Umoya ungena kwi-transformer ngenxa yokuvuza kweoyile, ukugcwalisa ipetroli okanye inkqubo yokupholisa embi.

② Inqanaba leoyile liyehla kancinci ngenxa yokwehla kobushushu okanye ukuvuza kweoyile.

③ Kuveliswa igesi encinci ngenxa yokungasebenzi kakuhle kwetransformer.

④ Ibangelwa kukudlula kwi-short circuit.

Isignali kunye neswitshi zisebenza ngaxeshanye, okanye yiswitshi kuphela esebenza, enokuba ibangelwa yimpazamo enkulu ngaphakathi kwitransformer, inqanaba leoyile liyehla ngokukhawuleza, okanye isekethe yesibini yesixhobo sokukhusela inempazamo. Kwezinye iimeko, njengasemva kokulungiswa, umoya okwioyile uyahlukana ngokukhawuleza kwaye unokukhubeka neswitshi.

(d) Unyango lokuvuza kweoyile yetransformer

There are two types of oil leakage: weld oil leakage and seal oil leakage. The oil leakage treatment of the welding seam is repair welding. When welding, the body should be lifted out and the oil should be drained. The cause of the oil leakage of the seal should be identified, such as poor operation (the sealing gasket is not placed correctly, the pressure is uneven, the pressure is not enough, etc.), and it should be repaired as appropriate. If the gasket is aged or damaged (such as the oil-resistant rubber is sticky, loses elasticity, cracks, etc.), the sealing material should be replaced.

(3) Patrol inspection of oil-immersed transformers

The transformers in operation should be regularly inspected and monitored in order to detect abnormal phenomena or faults in time and avoid serious accidents.

Items that should be checked and monitored generally include:

(1) Whether the transformer has abnormal sound, such as uneven sound or discharge sound.

(2) Whether the oil level is normal and whether there is leakage or oil leakage.

(3) Whether the oil temperature is normal (the upper oil temperature should not exceed 85℃ in general).

(4) Whether the casing is clean, whether there are cracks, damage and discharge.

(5) Whether the joint is hot or not.

(6) Whether the explosion-proof membrane of the explosion-proof pipe is complete.

(7) Check whether the Buchholz relay leaks oil and whether the inside is full of oil.

(8) Whether the respirator is unblocked, whether the oil level of the oil-sealed respirator is normal, and whether the silica gel in the respirator is saturated with moisture.

(9) Whether the cooling system is operating normally.

(10) Whether the ground wire of the casing is in good condition.