Kumele ubone! Incazelo ephelele yokwakheka, isakhiwo, uhlelo lwamafutha kanye nokusebenza kwamaphutha kanye nokugcinwa kwawo

Ukwakhiwa kwe-transformer ecwiliswe uwoyela

Ingxenye eyinhloko ye-transformer ecwiliswe ku-oyela enezigaba ezintathu yakhiwe yi-core yensimbi evaliwe kanye nesethi yokugoqa ekholomu eyinhloko yensimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona amathangi kaphethiloli, ama-conservator kawoyela, ama-casing, imishini yokuphefumula, amapayipi angaqhumi, ama-radiator, ama-tap changer, ama-gas relay, ama-thermometer, ama-oil purifier, njll.

1) insimbi eyinhloko

I-iron core iyingxenye yesekethe yamagnetic ye-transformer. Ukuze kuncishiswe i-magnetic hysteresis kanye nokulahleka kwamanje kwe-eddy enkabeni yensimbi, i-iron core yenziwe ngamashidi ensimbi e-silicon obukhulu obungu-0.35mm ~ 0.5mm. Ngokusho kokuhlelwa kwama-windings enkabeni yensimbi, kunezinhlobo ze-iron core kanye nohlobo lwegobolondo lensimbi. Ingxenye eqondile ye-iron core ye-transformer yesigaba sesithathu ibizwa ngokuthi ikholomu ye-iron core, kanti i-low-voltage winding kanye ne-high-voltage winding ye-transformer imbozwe kukholamu; ingxenye evundlile ibizwa ngokuthi i-iron joke, esetshenziselwa ukwakha i-closed magnetic circuit.

Kuma-transformer amakhulu, ukuze kwenziwe ukushisa okubangelwa ukulahlekelwa yi-iron core kuthathwe ngokuphelele yi-insulating oil ngesikhathi sokujikeleza kwegazi, ukuze kufezwe umphumela omuhle wokupholisa, izindlela zokupholisa uwoyela zivame ukuhlinzekwa ku-iron core.

(2) Ukugoqa

Ukugoqa, okubizwa nangokuthi ikhoyili, kuyingxenye yesekethe ye-transformer futhi kuhlukaniswe ngama-winding ayinhloko nawesibili. Ukugoqa okuxhunywe kugesi kubizwa ngokuthi ukugoqa okuyinhloko, kanti ukugoqa okuxhunywe kumthwalo kubizwa ngokuthi ukugoqa okwesibili. Ama-winding ayinhloko nawesibili ahlanganiswa ngezintambo zethusi noma ze-aluminium ezigoqwe nge-insulation enamandla aphezulu.

Ukugoqa okuyinhloko nokwesibili kwesigaba ngasinye se-transformer yesigaba ezintathu kwenziwa ngesimo se-cylindrical futhi kuboshwe ngemikhono kukholamu efanayo yensimbi, ukugoqa okuphansi okunenani elincane lokujika kugoqelwe ngaphakathi naseduze nenhliziyo yensimbi, kanti ukugoqa okuphakeme okunenani elikhulu lokujika kugoqelwe ngaphandle kokugoqa okuphansi. Lokhu kubekwa kungenxa yokuthi kulula ukuthi ukugoqa okuphansi kugoqele inhliziyo. Isikhwama esenziwe ngezinto zokufaka umswakama sisetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa ukugoqa okuphansi kanye nenhliziyo yensimbi kanye naphakathi kokugoqa okuphakeme kanye nokugoqa okuphansi ukuze kugoqelwe ngokuthembeka. Ukuze kube lula ukushabalalisa ukushisa, kushiywa igebe elithile phakathi kokugoqa okuphezulu nokuphansi njengendlela yokudlula uwoyela, ukuze uwoyela we-transformer ukwazi ukugeleza.

Amaphutha amakhulu e-transformer windings yi-short-circuit phakathi kokujika kanye ne-short-circuit eya ekhasejini. I-short circuit yokujika ibangelwa kakhulu ukuguga kwe-insulation, noma ngenxa yokugcwala ngokweqile kwe-transformer kanye nomonakalo womshini we-insulation ngesikhathi se-short circuit ehambayo. Izinga likawoyela ku-transformer liyehla, kangangokuthi lapho i-winding ivezwa ezingeni likawoyela, i-short circuit ehambayo nayo ingenzeka; ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kukhona i-cross-circuit, i-winding iyaphazamiseka ngenxa yomphumela we-overcurrent, futhi i-insulation yonakaliswa ngomshini, futhi i-short circuit ehambayo nayo izokwenzeka.

Uma kufinyeziwe phakathi kokujika, ugesi osekujikeni okufinyeziwe ungase udlule inani elilinganiselwe, kodwa ugesi ojike wonke ungase ungadluli inani elilinganiselwe. Kulesi simo, ukuvikelwa kwegesi kuyasebenza, futhi idivayisi yokuvikela ehlukile izosebenza nalapho isimo sibucayi.

Imbangela yokujikeleza okufushane ekhasejini ibangelwa futhi ukuguga kokushisa noma umswakama ku-oyili, ukwehla kwezinga likawoyela, noma ngenxa yombani kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi amaningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho kwenzeka i-cross-circuit, ukugoba kuyaphazamiseka ngenxa yokudlula kogesi, futhi kuzokwenzeka ne-short-circuit ekhasejini. Lapho kukhishwa i-short-circuit ekhasejini, ngokuvamile kuba yisenzo sedivayisi yokuvikela igesi kanye nesenzo sokuvikela umhlabathi.

(3) Ithangi likaphethiloli

Ithangi likawoyela liyikhava langaphandle le-transformer, i-iron core kanye nama-windings kufakwa kulo, futhi ligcwele uwoyela we-transformer. Kuma-transformer anomthamo omkhulu, kufakwa ama-heat sink noma amapayipi okushisa ngaphandle kwethangi. Ukuvuza kukawoyela kuyinkinga evamile ngamathangi kaphethiloli.

Uwoyela we-transformer uwoyela wamaminerali onezakhiwo ezinhle zokuvikela ukushisa, onemisebenzi emibili:

Okokuqala ukuvikela ukushisa. Ukusebenza kokuvikela ukushisa kwe-transformer oil kungcono kunomoya. Ukucwiliswa kwama-windings ku-oyili kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kokuvikela ukushisa ezindaweni ezahlukene, futhi kugweme ukuthintana nomoya ukuvimbela ama-windings ukuthi angamanzi;

Okwesibili umphumela wokushabalalisa ukushisa, osebenzisa ukuhlanganiswa kwamafutha ukuze kushabalalise ukushisa okukhiqizwa yi-iron core kanye nokugoqana kuya ngaphandle ngodonga lwebhokisi kanye nepayipi lokushabalalisa ukushisa. Uwoyela we-transformer uhlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezintathu: Inombolo 10, Inombolo 25, kanye nenombolo 45 ngokuya ngephuzu lawo lokuqandisa. Amaphuzu awo okuqandisa yi--10°C, -25°C, kanye ne--45°C, ngokuvamile akhethwa ngokuya ngezimo zezulu zendawo.

(4) Isigcini samafutha (umcamelo wamafutha)

I-oil conservator, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi umcamelo kawoyela, iyisitsha esiyisilinda esibekwe ngokuvundlile ngaphezu kwethangi likawoyela futhi sixhunywe ethangini likawoyela le-transformer ngepayipi. Umthamo we-oil conservator ngokuvamile ucishe ube ngu-10% womthamo wethangi likawoyela. I-oil conservator iyi-oil conservator yohlobo lwe-capsule, futhi i-capsule ihlukanisa uwoyela ose-oil conservator emoyeni wangaphandle. Lapho uwoyela we-transformer unwetshwa ngokushisa, uwoyela ugeleza usuka ethangini likawoyela uye e-oil conservator; lapho uwoyela we-transformer uncipha, uwoyela ugeleza usuka e-oil conservator uye ethangini likawoyela. I-oil conservator inemisebenzi emibili: Okokuqala, lapho umthamo kawoyela we-transformer ukhula noma uncipha ngokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa likawoyela, i-oil conservator isebenza njengokugcina nokugcwalisa uwoyela, iqinisekisa ukuthi ithangi likawoyela ligcwele uwoyela futhi insimbi kanye nokugoqa kumanzi. Kuwoyela; owesibili ukunciphisa indawo yokuxhumana phakathi kobuso bawoyela nomoya ukuvimbela uwoyela we-transformer ukuthi ungabi manzi futhi ubole.

Isibonisi sezinga likawoyela se-oyela conservator sisebenzisa i-geuge yezinga likawoyela ye-ferromagnetic yohlobo lwenduku yokuxhuma ukuze sibone izinga likawoyela. I-geuge yezinga likawoyela iqoshwe ngomugqa ojwayelekile wezinga likawoyela lapho izinga lokushisa likawoyela lingu-30℃, +20℃ kanye no-+40℃, okusetshenziswa njengendinganiso yokugcwalisa uwoyela. U-+40℃ ophawini lwezinga likawoyela lubonisa izinga eliphezulu likawoyela le-transformer ekusebenzeni komthwalo ogcwele lapho izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu lendawo yokufaka lingu-+40℃, futhi izinga likawoyela akufanele lidlule lo mugqa; U-+20℃ ubonisa izinga likawoyela lapho izinga lokushisa elimaphakathi lonyaka lingu-+20℃ ngesikhathi sokusebenza komthwalo ogcwele Ukuphakama; U--30℃ usho umugqa wezinga likawoyela omncane we-transformer engenamthwalo lapho indawo i--30℃, futhi akufanele ibe ngaphansi kwalo mugqa. Uma izinga likawoyela liphansi kakhulu, engeza uwoyela. Umcamelo kawoyela ufakwe imigodi yokuphefumula, ukuze isikhala esiphezulu somcamelo kawoyela sixhumane nomoya. Uma uwoyela we-transformer ukhula futhi uncipha ngokushisa, umoya ophezulu womcamelo kawoyela ungena futhi uphume ngembobo yokuphefumula, futhi izinga likawoyela lingakhuphuka noma lehle ukuvimbela ukuguquka noma ukulimala kwethangi likawoyela.

(5) Isikhwama

Intambo eholayo ye-transformer winding ixhunywe kwisekethe yangaphandle ngenduku yomhlahlandlela. I-bushing iyisivikelo esiphakathi kwenduku yomhlahlandlela kanye nesembozo sebhokisi, esidlala indima yokuvikela nokulungisa induku yomhlahlandlela. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zekhesi: ikhesi elinomfutho ophezulu kanye nekhesi elinomfutho ophansi.

isikhongozeli sokuvikela

Izintambo zomthofu zama-windings e-transformer kumele zidlule emikhonweni yokuvikela ukuze zivikele ama-live leads uma eholwa ephuma ethangini futhi ephuma ethangini. I-insulating sleeve yakhiwe kakhulu yinduku yokuqhuba ephakathi kanye ne-magnetic sleeve. Ukuphela kwenduku yokuqhuba ethangini likaphethiloli kuxhunywe ne-winding, kanti okunye ukuphela ngaphandle kuxhunywe nesekethe yangaphandle. Kuyingxenye evame ukuba namaphutha ye-transformer.

Ukwakhiwa kwe-insulating bushing kuncike kakhulu ekilasini le-voltage. Ku-voltage ephansi, kusetshenziswa i-sleeve elula eqinile kamazibuthe. Uma i-voltage iphezulu, ukuze kuqiniswe amandla okushisa, kushiywa ungqimba olugcwele uwoyela phakathi kwe-porcelain sleeve kanye ne-conductive rod. Lolu hlobo lwe-bushing lubizwa ngokuthi i-oil-filled bushing. Uma i-voltage ingaphezu kuka-110kV, kusetshenziswa i-capacitive charging bushing, okubizwa ngokuthi i-capacitive bushing ngamafuphi. Ngaphezu kokugcwalisa ingaphakathi le-porcelain sleeve ngamafutha, i-capacitive bushing iphinde ibe ne-capacitive insulator phakathi kwe-central conductive rod (i-hollow copper tube) kanye ne-flange yokugoqa i-conductive rod njengoxhumano oluyinhloko phakathi kwe-flange kanye ne-conductive rod insulation.

Ukuvuza kwamafutha e-transformer bushing yiphutha elivame kakhulu. Isizathu sokuvuza kwamafutha e-bushing ukuguga kwendandatho yokuvala irabha enezingodo ze-abacus engxenyeni engenhla ye-bushing kanye ne-gasket yerabha eyisicaba phansi kwe-bushing.

(6) Umshini wokuphefumula

I-respirator, eyaziwa nangokuthi idivayisi ye-hygroscopic, ivame ukuba nesitsha sepayipi nengilazi esine-desiccant (i-silica gel noma i-alumina esebenzayo) ngaphakathi. Lapho umoya osemcamelweni kawoyela ukhula noma uncipha ngobuningi bamafutha e-transformer, umoya ophelile noma ophefumulayo udlula ku-respirator, bese i-desiccant esemcamelweni imunca umswakama emoyeni bese ihlunga umoya ukuze igcine uwoyela uhlanzekile. I-silica gel efakwe i-cobalt chloride, izinhlayiya zayo ziba yi-cobalt blue uma zomile, kodwa njengoba i-silica gel imunca amanzi futhi iseduze nokugcwala, i-granular silica gel izophenduka ibe mhlophe noma obomvu njengempuphu, futhi kungahlulelwa ukuthi i-silica gel yehlulekile yini. I-silica gel emanzi ingavuselelwa ngokushisa nokomisa. Lapho umbala wezinhlayiya ze-silica gel uba yi-cobalt blue, umsebenzi wokuvuselela uyaqedwa.

(7) Idivayisi yokusiza ukucindezeleka

Amadivayisi okusiza ukucindezeleka adlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni ama-transformer kagesi. Ku-transformer kagesi egcwele uwoyela we-transformer, uma kwenzeka iphutha langaphakathi noma i-short circuit, ukugoba kuzowushisa uwoyela ngokushesha, okuholela ekwandeni okusheshayo kwengcindezi ethangini. Uma lokhu kucindezela kungakhishwa ngokushesha, ithangi likaphethiloli lingaqhuma, lifafaze uphethiloli ovuthayo endaweni enkulu, okungase kubangele umlilo futhi kubangele umonakalo omkhulu, ngakho-ke kumele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuvimbela lokhu ukuthi kungenzeki. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamadivayisi okukhulula umfutho: ipayipi elingaqhumi kanye ne-pressure releaser. Ipayipi elingaqhumi lisetshenziselwa ama-transformer amancane, kanti i-pressure releaser isetshenziselwa ama-transformer amakhulu naphakathi.

Ipayipi elingaqhumi (elaziwa nangokuthi ipayipi lokujova uphethiloli)

Ipayipi elingaqhumi lifakwe esembozweni esiphezulu se-transformer, ipayipi elibunjwe njengecilongo lixhunywe emoyeni, futhi umlomo uvalwe ngefilimu. Uma kukhona iphutha ngaphakathi kwe-transformer, izinga lokushisa likawoyela liyakhuphuka, uwoyela ubola ngamandla ukuze kukhiqizwe inani elikhulu legesi, futhi ukucindezela ethangini likawoyela kuyanda kakhulu. Lapho ukucindezela ethangini likawoyela kukhuphuka ku-5×104Pa, ifilimu yepayipi elingaqhumi iyaphuka, bese uwoyela negesi kukhishwa ethangini likawoyela ukuvimbela ukuqhuma noma ukuguqulwa kwethangi likawoyela le-transformer.

ukukhulula ingcindezi

Uma kuqhathaniswa namapayipi angaqhumi, ama-releaser okucindezela anezinzuzo zephutha elincane lokucindezela kokuvula, isikhathi esifushane sokulibaziseka (ama-2ms kuphela), ukulawula izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, kanye nesenzo esiphindaphindwayo, ngakho-ke asetshenziswa kabanzi kuma-transformer amakhulu naphakathi.

Idivayisi yokukhulula ingcindezi ibizwa nangokuthi i-pressure reducer, efakwe esembozweni esiphezulu sethangi le-transformer, efana ne-valve yokuphepha yebhoyila. Lapho ingcindezi ethangini likaphethiloli idlula inani elibekiwe, umnyango wokuvala (i-valve) we-pressure releaser uyacindezelwa uvuleke, igesi iyakhishwa, futhi ngemva kokuba ingcindezi inciphile, umnyango wokuvala uvalwa futhi ngengcindezi yesipilingi. I-pressure releaser ingasuswa ngaphambi kokuba iqaliswe ukusebenza noma ngesikhathi sokulungiswa ukuze kulinganiswe futhi kulungiswe ingcindezi yayo yokusebenza.

Ukulungiswa kwengcindezi yokusebenza kwe-pressure releaser kumele kuhambisane nokulungiswa kwesilinganiso sokugeleza kokusebenza kwe-gas relay.

I-pressure releaser ifakwe engxenyeni engenhla yesembozo sethangi likaphethiloli, futhi ngokuvamile ixhunywe ngepayipi elikhuphukayo ukuze ukuphakama kwe-releaser kulingane nokuphakama komcamelo kawoyela, ukuze kuqedwe umehluko wokucindezela okungaguquki kokucindezela kawoyela ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile.

(8) Irediyetha

Isimo se-radiator sinophahla, simise okwefeni, siyindilinga, sipayipi lokukhipha umoya, njll. Uma indawo enkulu yokushabalalisa ukushisa, kuba ngcono umphumela wokushabalalisa ukushisa. Uma kukhona umehluko wokushisa phakathi kokushisa kwamafutha kwengqimba engenhla ye-transformer kanye nokushisa kwamafutha kwengqimba engezansi, ukuhlanganiswa kwamafutha kwakheka nge-radiator, bese kugeleza kubuyele ethangini lamafutha ngemva kokupholisa yi-radiator, okunciphisa izinga lokushisa le-transformer. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe umphumela wokupholisa we-transformer, kungasetshenziswa izindlela ezifana nokupholisa umoya, ukupholisa umoya wamafutha okuphoqelelwe kanye nokupholisa amanzi kawoyela okuphoqelelwe. Ukwehluleka okukhulu kwe-radiator ukuvuza kwamafutha.

(9) Ukudluliselwa kwegesi eBuchholz

Faka i-Buchholz relay phakathi kwe-oil conservator kanye nepayipi lokuxhuma lesembozo sethangi le-transformer usebenzisa i-flange. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, i-Buchholz relay igcwele uwoyela. Uma kwenzeka iphutha elincane ngaphakathi kwe-transformer futhi kukhiqizwa amabhamuza, azoqala ahlangane esikhaleni esiphezulu se-Buchholz relay. Bese uphoqa izinga likawoyela ukuthi lehle, ukuze indebe yokuvula ephezulu ilahlekelwe ukuntanta futhi isisindo sayo sikhuphuke, ukuze iphambuke iye kolunye uhlangothi, okwenza i-magnet isondele eduze kwe-reed switch. Isimiso sohlobo lwe-contact baffle oluphansi siyafana.

(10) Idivayisi yokulinganisa izinga lokushisa

Ukwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa lobuso bukawoyela kubhekisela enanini lapho izinga lokushisa lobuso bukawoyela ethangini likawoyela livunyelwe ukudlula izinga lokushisa elizungezile lapho i-transformer isebenza ngaphansi kwesimo esilinganisiwe.

Izinga lokushisa likawoyela lomzimba oyinhloko we-transformer lisethelwe okwesikhashana ku-alamu engu-80°C bese liwa ku-100°C.

(11) Ummese wokumisa ongathathi hlangothi

Indlela yokufaka isisekelo sendawo engathathi hlangothi ohlelweni lwamandla lwezwe lami lwe-110kV isebenzisa kakhulu indlela yokufaka isisekelo sendawo engathathi hlangothi (kufaka phakathi indlela yokufaka isisekelo sendawo engathathi hlangothi ngokumelana okuncane), okungukuthi, uhlelo lwamanje olukhulu lokufaka isisekelo. Ngoba uhlelo lunomugqa omkhulu wesifunda esifushane lapho kwenzeka iphutha lomhlabathi lesigaba esisodwa.

Uma i-transformer icishiwe, iphuzu layo elingathathi hlangothi kumele libekwe phansi. Ngenxa yokuthi ukugoqa kwe-transformer kufakwe ngaphakathi kwe-semi-insulation (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-graded insulation), okungukuthi, i-insulation eyinhloko yengxenye eseduze ne-neutral ye-transformer winding, izinga layo lokufaka ngaphakathi liphansi kunezinga lokufaka ngaphakathi kwe-winding end. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuvinjelwe umonakalo we-overvoltage ku-transformer, iphuzu elingathathi hlangothi kumele libekwe phansi lapho i-transformer icishiwe.

(12) I-tap changer (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-switcher)

Uma i-oil conservator isetshenziswa kwi-transformer elawula i-voltage on-load, i-switch oil conservator engenama-capsules ifakwa phansi kwe-oil conservator.

Izindlela zokulawula i-voltage ye-transformer zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili: ukulawulwa kwe-voltage elayishiwe kanye nokulawulwa kwe-voltage engenamthwalo:

Ukulawulwa kwamandla kagesi okulayisha kusho ukuthi i-transformer ingakwazi ukulungisa indawo yayo yokumpompa ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ngaleyo ndlela ishintshe isilinganiso sokuguqulwa kwe-transformer ukuze kufezwe injongo yokulawulwa kwamandla kagesi.

Amathephu e-transformer ngokuvamile adonswa ohlangothini olune-voltage ephezulu, okubheka kakhulu:

(1) Ukugoqa kwe-transformer okunamandla aphezulu ngokuvamile kungaphandle, futhi impompi kulula ukuyixhuma;

(2) Ugesi ohlangothini olune-voltage ephezulu uncane, kanti ingxenye ewela umqhubi wentambo yokuqondisa kanye nengxenye ethwala ugesi yeswishi ehlukanisiwe incane, futhi ithonya lokuxhumana okubi lingaxazululwa kalula.

Ngokuyisisekelo, impompi ingaba kuzo zombili izinhlangothi, futhi kudingeka ukuqhathanisa okungabizi kanye nobuchwepheshe. Isibonelo, impompi ye-transformer enkulu yesinyathelo esiphansi engu-500kV idonswa ohlangothini lwe-220kV, kuyilapho uhlangothi lwe-500kV luqinile.

Uma i-voltage iphansi kakhulu noma iphezulu kakhulu, futhi kudingeka ukulungisa amathephu amaningana e-tap-changer elayishiwe ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo, kubalulekile ukunaka isimo:

Kufanele ilungiswe igiya elilodwa ngesikhathi, okungukuthi, njalo uma inkinobho ye-N+1 noma ye-N-1 icindezelwa, izoma umzuzu owodwa phakathi, futhi uma kuvela inombolo entsha kusikhombisi segiya, cindezela inkinobho futhi. Phinda inqubo engenhla ngokulandelana kuze kube yilapho kufinyelelwe umgomo wokugcina. Uma ukusebenza kukagesi kuxhunyiwe (okungukuthi, ukusebenza okukodwa, kuzolungiswa okungaphezu kokukodwa, okwaziwa ngokuthi ukushelela), isikhundla sesibili sokuthepha kufanele sivele kusikhombisi segiya sesikrini sokulawula esiyinhloko se-transformer, bese ucindezela ngokushesha inkinobho yokuphuthumayo. Inkinobho yokumisa bese ushintshela ekusebenzeni ngesandla.

(13) Isihlanzi samafutha (esaziwa nangokuthi isihlungi somehluko wokushisa)

Isihlanzi samafutha yisitsha esigcwele i-adsorbent (i-silica gel noma i-alumina esebenzayo), efakwe odongeni oluseceleni lwethangi le-transformer noma engxenyeni engezansi yesiqandisi samafutha esinamandla. Lapho i-transformer isebenza, ngenxa yomehluko wokushisa phakathi kwezingqimba zikawoyela eziphezulu nezingezansi, uwoyela we-transformer udlula ku-oyela ohlanza kusukela phezulu kuya phansi ukuze wakhe i-convection. Lapho uwoyela uthintana ne-adsorbent, umswakama, ama-asidi nama-oxide akuwo kuyamuncwa, okwenza uwoyela uhlanzeke futhi kwandise impilo yenkonzo yamafutha.

Uhlelo lwamafutha lwe-transformer ecwiliswe kumafutha

Ama-transformer acwiliswe ku-oyela anezinhlelo eziningana zikawoyela ezizimele ezihlukanisiwe. Uma i-transformer ecwiliswe ku-oyela isebenza, uwoyela kulezi zinhlelo zikawoyela ezizimele awuxhunyanisiwe, futhi ikhwalithi kawoyela kanye nezimo zokusebenza nazo zihlukile.

(1) Uhlelo lwamafutha angaphakathi lomzimba oyinhloko

Izinhlelo zikawoyela ezixhumana namafutha azungeze ama-windings ziyizinhlelo ezisemzimbeni oyinhloko, okuhlanganisa uwoyela ose-cooler noma ku-radiator, uwoyela ose-conservator kawoyela, kanye namafutha ase-bushing egcwele uwoyela engama-35kV nangaphansi.

Uma kugcwaliswa uwoyela, amapulagi egesi aphuma igazi agcinwe ohlelweni lwamafutha kumele akhululwe. Ngokuvamile, izingxenye ezingenhla kufanele zibe namapulagi azo aphuma igazi. Uwoyela emzimbeni oyinhloko udlala indima yokuvikela nokupholisa. Uwoyela uphinde wandise amandla kagesi ephepha lokuvikela noma ikhadibhodi lokuvikela. Ngesikhathi sokugcwaliswa uwoyela we-vacuum, uma ezinye izingxenye zingakwazi ukumelana namandla e-vacuum afanayo nethangi eliyinhloko lamafutha, kufanele kusetshenziswe ukuhlukaniswa kwesango lesikhashana, njenge-valve yesango phakathi kwe-conservator yamafutha nethangi eliyinhloko lamafutha. Ikhanda lephampu kawoyela engaphansi komhlaba esiqandisini kufanele lanele ukugwema ukuhogela umoya ngenxa yokucindezela okungekuhle. Lolu hlelo lwamafutha kumele lube nohlelo lokuvikela idivayisi yokukhulula ingcindezi ukuze kususwe ingcindezi ekhiqizwa lapho umzimba unephutha.

(2) Uwoyela engxenyeni yokushintsha i-diverter ye-tap-changer elayishiwe

Le ngxenye yamafutha inesistimu yayo yokuvikela, okungukuthi i-flow relay, i-oil conservator, i-pressure relief valve. Uwoyela kuleli gumbi lokushintsha usebenza njengokuvikela futhi ucima ugesi. Uwoyela uzongena kumafutha akhiqizwayo lapho i-diverter switch inqamula ugesi womthwalo. Lolu hlelo lwamafutha ludinga ukusebenza kahle kokuvala, futhi ukusebenza kokuvala kumele kuvikelwe noma ngabe umfutho we-arc ukhiqizwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokushintsha.

Nakuba uwoyela osegumbini lokushintsha i-diverter lomshini wokushintsha i-tap on-load uhlukaniswe namafutha asemzimbeni oyinhloko, ukuze kugwenywe ukulimaza uphawu lwegumbi lokushintsha i-diverter ngesikhathi sokugcwaliswa kwamafutha e-vacuum, kufanele ugcotshwe ngamafutha e-vacuum ngesikhathi esifanayo namafutha asemzimbeni oyinhloko. Uhlelo lunezinga elifanayo le-vacuum, uma kudingeka, umlondolozi wamafutha walolu hlelo kufanele futhi ahlukaniswe lapho ephuma. Ukuze kube lula ukwakheka, ithangi lokugcina uwoyela lomzimba oyinhloko kanye nethangi lokugcina uwoyela legumbi lokushintsha kuklanywe ngokuphelele kwahlukaniswa komunye nomunye.

(3) Ivalwe ngokuphelele amazinga kagesi angu-60kV nangaphezulu

Umsebenzi oyinhloko walolu hlelo lwamafutha ukuvikela, noma ukwandisa amandla kagesi ephepha lokuvikela ebhodweni le-capacitor yamafutha. Uma uwoyela ufakwa emzimbeni oyinhloko, i-terminal ekugcineni kwesikhafu kufanele ivalwe kahle ukuze kugwenywe ukungena komoya.

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(4) Uwoyela ebhokisini lokukhipha umfutho ophezulu, noma uwoyela ebhokisini lokukhipha uphethiloli

Ulayini ophumayo we-high-voltage we-transformer yesigaba ezintathu engu-500kV uhlukaniswe ngohlelo lukawoyela oluvikelayo oluhlanganisiwe. Lolu hlelo lukawoyela lusebenza kakhulu njengokuvikela.

Ukuze kwenziwe lula isakhiwo, lolu hlelo lwamafutha lungaxhunyaniswa nohlelo lwamafutha emzimbeni oyinhloko ngepayipi elixhumanisayo noma luklanywe njengohlelo lwamafutha oluhlukile.

(5) Ukuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene kokushisa kwenziwa kuma-transformer acwiliswe ku-oyili

Okokuqala ukuphuma kwegazi, okukhipha igesi engase igcinwe nge-bleed plug. Ukuba khona noma ukungabikho kokwehluleka okungenzeka kungabikezelwa ngokuhlaziya ukuhlaziywa kwe-chromatographic yegesi kumafutha ohlelweni ngalunye. Uhlelo ngalunye lwamafutha kumele luhlangabezane nezidingo zokusebenza, njengokumunca ushintsho lwevolumu yamafutha lapho uwoyela ukhula futhi uncipha, i-valve yokukhipha uwoyela, i-air plug, i-valve yokuhlukanisa ye-cooler kanye ne-radiator kanye nethangi elikhulu lamafutha, njll. Uhlelo ngalunye lwamafutha lusebenza kahle ekuvaleni. Uwoyela egumbini lokushintsha i-tap-changeer diverter elinomthwalo kufanele ushintshwe ngokwehlukana ngaphandle kokukhulula uwoyela emzimbeni oyinhloko. Uwoyela emzimbeni oyinhloko ungakhululwa futhi ugcwaliswe nge-nitrogen eyomile ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa.

Ukuhlaziywa Kwephutha Le-Transformer Ecwiliswe Kuwoyela

Amaphutha avamile ama-transformer asebenzayo afaka phakathi amaphutha ama-windings, ama-bushings, ama-tap-changers, ama-iron cores, amathangi kawoyela nezinye izesekeli.

(1) Ukwehluleka kokuvala

Ngokuyinhloko kukhona i-inter-turn short circuit, i-winding grounding, i-inter-phase short circuit, i-wire breakage kanye ne-joint welding.

(2) Ukwehluleka kwekhava

I-transformer bushing ingcolile, okubangela ukungcola okukhulu enkungwini enkulu noma emvuleni encane, okwenza i-single-phase grounding noma i-phase-to-phase short-circuit ohlangothini olunamandla aphezulu lwe-transformer.

(3) Ukuvuza okukhulu

Ukuvuza kwamafutha kwe-transformer kukhulu noma kuqhubeka nokuchichima kusuka endaweni eyonakele, kangangokuthi igeyiji yezinga likawoyela ayisakwazi ukubona izinga likawoyela. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-transformer kufanele imiswe ngokushesha ukuze kulungiswe ukuvuza nokugcwalisa uphethiloli. Isizathu sokuvuza kwamafutha kwe-transformer ukuqhekeka komthungo wokushisela noma ukuvala. Izingxenye ziyahluleka, futhi ithangi likaphethiloli ligqwala kakhulu futhi lonakaliswe ukudlidliza namandla angaphandle ngesikhathi sokusebenza.

(4) Ukwehluleka kokushintsha kwethephu

Amaphutha avamile ahlanganisa ukuthintana okungekuhle noma indawo engafanele yesishintshi sempompi, ukuncibilika nokusha ebusweni bokuthintana, kanye nokukhishwa kokuthintana kwesigaba noma ukukhishwa kwempompi ngayinye.

(5) Ukwehluleka ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi ngokweqile

Uma i-transformer esebenza ishaywa umbani, ngenxa yamandla aphezulu ombani, izobangela ugesi ongaphezulu ngaphandle kwe-transformer. Uma ezinye izinhlaka zesistimu yamandla zishintsha, ngenxa yokunyakaza kwe-electromagnetic, izobangela ugesi ongaphezulu ngaphakathi kwe-transformer. Iningi lomonakalo we-transformer obangelwa ugesi ongaphezulu ukuwohloka kokufakwa kokushisa okuyinhloko kwe-winding, okuholela ekwehlulekeni kwe-transformer.

(6) Ukwehluleka kwe-iron core

Ukwehluleka kwe-iron core kubangelwa kakhulu umonakalo wokushisa kwesikulufu esidlula i-core sekholomu ye-iron core noma isikulufu sokubopha se-iron core.

(7) Isenzakalo sokuvuza kwamafutha

Uma izinga likawoyela likawoyela we-transformer liphansi kakhulu, ama-bushing lead kanye ne-tap changer zivezwa emoyeni, futhi izinga lokuvikela lizoncipha kakhulu, ngakho-ke kulula ukubangela ukukhishwa kokuphazamiseka.

Ukusebenza kanye nokugcinwa kwe-transformer

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuphephile kanye nokunikezwa kwamandla okuthembekile kwe-transformer, lapho kwenzeka isimo esingavamile ku-transformer, singatholakala ngesikhathi, siphathwe ngesikhathi, futhi sisuse iphutha ebhodleleni ukuze kuvinjelwe ukwenzeka nokwanda kwengozi. Ngakho-ke, i-transformer esebenzayo kumele ihlolwe njalo. futhi yenze irekhodi elisebenzayo.

(1) Imodi yokusebenza evamile ye-transformer

① Imodi yokusebenza elinganisiwe

Ngaphansi kwezimo zokupholisa ezibekiwe, i-transformer ingasebenza ngokwezincazelo eziku-nameplate. Izinga lokushisa elivumelekile le-transformer ecwiliswe ku-oyela ngesikhathi sokusebenza kufanele lihlolwe ngokwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu lika-oyela. Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lika-oyela kufanele lihambisane nemithethonqubo yomenzi, kodwa izinga eliphezulu akufanele lidlule ku-95 ℃. Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuthi uwoyela we-transformer ungonakali ngokushesha kakhulu, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lika-oyela akufanele lidlule ku-85 ℃ njalo.

I-voltage esetshenzisiwe ye-transformer ngokuvamile akufanele idlule u-105% wenani elilinganiselwe. Ngalesi sikhathi, uhlangothi lwesibili lwe-transformer lungathwala ugesi olinganiselwe. Ezimweni ngazinye, i-voltage esetshenzisiwe ingaba ngu-110% we-voltage elinganiselwe ngemva kokuhlolwa noma ngemvume yomenzi.

② Vumela ukulayisha ngokweqile

Ama-transformer angasebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokugcwala ngokweqile noma zokugcwala ngokweqile ngengozi. Ukugcwala ngokweqile okuvamile kungasetshenziswa njalo, futhi inani lawo elivumelekile linqunywa ngokwejika lomthwalo we-transformer, izimo zokupholisa kanye nomthwalo othwalwa yi-transformer ngaphambi kokugcwala ngokweqile. Ukugcwala ngokweqile ngengozi kuvunyelwe kuphela ezimweni zengozi (ama-transformer asasebenza).

Inani elivumelekile lokugcwala ngokweqile ngengozi kufanele lihambisane nemithethonqubo yomenzi; uma kungekho mithethonqubo yomenzi, i-transformer ezipholisa ngokwayo ecwiliswe ngowoyela ingasetshenziswa ngokwezidingo ezisethebula elingezansi.

(2) Ukusebenza okungajwayelekile kanye nokwelashwa okuphuthumayo kwama-transformer

(a) Isenzakalo esingajwayelekile siyasebenza. Uma kutholakala noma yisiphi isenzakalo esingajwayelekile ekusebenzeni kwe-transformer (njengokuvuza kwamafutha, izinga lamafutha elinganele emcamelweni wamafutha, ukushisa okungajwayelekile, umsindo ongajwayelekile, njll.), zama ukusiqeda. Uma kwenzeka esinye sezimo ezilandelayo, yeka ngokushesha ukuze ulungise.

① Umsindo wangaphakathi uphakeme, awulingani, futhi kukhona umsindo wokuqhuma.

② Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokupholisa, izinga lokushisa alivamile futhi liyaqhubeka likhuphuka.

③ Umcamelo kawoyela noma umjovo wepayipi elingaqhumi.

④ Ukuvuza kukawoyela kubangela ukuthi izinga likawoyela lehle ngaphansi komkhawulo enkombeni yezinga likawoyela.

⑤ Umbala wamafutha ushintsha kakhulu, futhi kukhona ikhabhoni kumafutha.

⑥ Ibhokisi linomonakalo omkhulu kanye nokuphuma kwamanzi.

(b) Ukulayisha ngokweqile okungavunyelwe, ukunyuka kwezinga lokushisa okungavamile kanye namazinga kawoyela. Uma ukugcwala ngokweqile kwe-transformer kudlula inani elivunyelwe, umthwalo we-transformer kufanele ulungiswe ngesikhathi. Lapho ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa likawoyela we-transformer kudlula umkhawulo ovunyelwe, imbangela kufanele itholakale futhi kuthathwe izinyathelo zokunciphisa. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi olandelayo kumele wenziwe.

① Hlola umthwalo we-transformer kanye nokushisa kwendawo yokupholisa, bese uhlola izinga lokushisa okufanele libe ngaphansi kwalowo mthwalo kanye nokushisa kokupholisa.

② Hlola i-thermometer.

③ Hlola umoya opholile wedivayisi yokupholisa ye-transformer noma igumbi le-transformer.

Uma kutholakala ukuthi izinga lokushisa likawoyela lingaphezu kuka-10°C ngaphezu kokujwayelekile ngaphansi komthwalo ofanayo kanye nezinga lokushisa lokupholisa, noma umthwalo uhlala ungashintshi, izinga lokushisa likawoyela liyaqhubeka nokwenyuka, futhi idivayisi yokupholisa, umoya wegumbi le-transformer kanye ne-thermometer konke kujwayelekile, kungaba iphutha langaphakathi le-transformer (njengomlilo we-Iron core, i-short circuit phakathi kwezingqimba ze-coil, njll.), yima ngokushesha ukuze kulungiswe.

Uma uwoyela we-transformer uqinile, uvunyelwe ukufaka i-transformer ekusebenzeni ngomthwalo, kodwa kuyadingeka ukunaka ukuthi izinga lokushisa eliphezulu likawoyela kanye nokujikeleza kukawoyela kujwayelekile yini.

Uma kutholakala ukuthi izinga likawoyela le-transformer liphansi kakhulu kunezinga likawoyela lokushisa likawoyela ngaleso sikhathi, kufanele lifakwe uphethiloli ngokushesha. Uma izinga likawoyela lehla ngokushesha ngenxa yokuvuza okukhulu kukawoyela, akuvunyelwe ukushintsha i-gas relay ukuze isebenze kuphela esignalini, kodwa kumele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokumisa ukuvuza nokugcwalisa uphethiloli ngokushesha.

(c) Ukucubungula lapho i-Buchholz relay isebenza. Uma isignali ye-gas relay isebenza, i-transformer kufanele ihlolwe ukuze kutholakale imbangela yesenzo sesignali, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ibangelwa ukungena komoya ku-transformer, noma ibangelwa ukwehla kwezinga likawoyela, noma ukwehluleka kwesekethe yesibili. Uma iphutha lingatholakali ngaphandle kwe-transformer, kuyadingeka ukuhlonza uhlobo lwegesi eqoqwe ku-relay. Uma igesi ingenambala, ingenaphunga futhi ingashi, umoya ohlukanisiwe namafutha, futhi i-transformer ingaqhubeka nokusebenza. Uma igesi ingasha, i-transformer kumele imiswe futhi imbangela yesenzo kumele ifundwe ngokucophelela.

Uma uhlola ukuthi igesi iyavutha yini, kufanele kuthathwe ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ukuthi ungabeki umlilo eduze kwengxenye ephezulu ye-relay, kodwa ubeke u-5-6cm ngaphezu kwayo.

Uma isenzo se-Buchholz relay singabangelwa ukungena komoya ku-transformer, iphuzu lokusheshisa likawoyela kufanele lihlolwe. Uma iphuzu lokusheshisa liphansi kunerekhodi langaphambilini ngaphezu kuka-5°C, kusho ukuthi kukhona iphutha ku-transformer.

Uma i-transformer ikhubeka ngenxa yesenzo se-gas relay, futhi ukuhlolwa kufakazela ukuthi iyigesi evuthayo, i-transformer ngeke iphinde isebenze ngaphandle kokuhlolwa okukhethekile nokuhlolwa.

Ngokwesimo sephutha, ngokuvamile kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezenzo zokudluliselwa kwegesi: enye isenzo sesiginali ngaphandle kokukhubeka; enye isenzo sazo zombili ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Isenzo sesiginali ngaphandle kokukhubeka ngokuvamile sinezizathu ezilandelayo.

① Umoya ungena ku-transformer ngenxa yokuvuza kukawoyela, ukugcwalisa uphethiloli noma uhlelo lokupholisa olubi.

② Izinga likawoyela lehla kancane ngenxa yokwehla kwezinga lokushisa noma ukuvuza kukawoyela.

③ Kukhiqizwa inani elincane legesi ngenxa yokwehluleka kwe-transformer.

④ Kubangelwa ukuwela i-short circuit.

Isignali kanye neswishi kusebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa, noma iswishi kuphela esebenza, okungase kube ngenxa yephutha elikhulu ngaphakathi kwe-transformer, izinga likawoyela lehla ngokushesha kakhulu, noma isekethe yesibili yedivayisi yokuvikela inephutha. Kwezinye izimo, njengangemva kokulungiswa, umoya ku-oyela uyahlukana ngokushesha kakhulu futhi ungaphazamisa iswishi.

(d) Ukwelashwa kokuvuza kwamafutha e-transformer

There are two types of oil leakage: weld oil leakage and seal oil leakage. The oil leakage treatment of the welding seam is repair welding. When welding, the body should be lifted out and the oil should be drained. The cause of the oil leakage of the seal should be identified, such as poor operation (the sealing gasket is not placed correctly, the pressure is uneven, the pressure is not enough, etc.), and it should be repaired as appropriate. If the gasket is aged or damaged (such as the oil-resistant rubber is sticky, loses elasticity, cracks, etc.), the sealing material should be replaced.

(3) Patrol inspection of oil-immersed transformers

The transformers in operation should be regularly inspected and monitored in order to detect abnormal phenomena or faults in time and avoid serious accidents.

Items that should be checked and monitored generally include:

(1) Whether the transformer has abnormal sound, such as uneven sound or discharge sound.

(2) Whether the oil level is normal and whether there is leakage or oil leakage.

(3) Whether the oil temperature is normal (the upper oil temperature should not exceed 85℃ in general).

(4) Whether the casing is clean, whether there are cracks, damage and discharge.

(5) Whether the joint is hot or not.

(6) Whether the explosion-proof membrane of the explosion-proof pipe is complete.

(7) Check whether the Buchholz relay leaks oil and whether the inside is full of oil.

(8) Whether the respirator is unblocked, whether the oil level of the oil-sealed respirator is normal, and whether the silica gel in the respirator is saturated with moisture.

(9) Whether the cooling system is operating normally.

(10) Whether the ground wire of the casing is in good condition.