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Ukuhlolwa kwe-short-circuit: i-short-circuit yokwenziwa ohlangothini lwe-voltage ephansi kanye nephezulu yamanje ye-transformer, futhi udlulise umthamo wokuhlola wefrikhwensi elinganiselwe ukusuka kumpompi olinganiselwe wekhoyili ohlangothini lwe-voltage ephezulu ukuze wenze i-current ku- ama-winding afinyelela inani elilinganiselwe, bese ukala amandla okufaka kanye ne-voltage esetshenzisiwe (okungukuthi. ukulahleka kwesifunda esifushane kanye ne-short-circuit voltage) kanye nevelu yamanje. Ngokuvamile umthamo wamandla okuhlola kufanele ube ngu-30% womthamo womkhiqizo ohloliwe.


 

I-Impedans yokulandelana kukaziro: I-impedance etholwa isiguquli ngokulandelana kwesigaba ngasinye (i-voltage elungile, engalungile, eyiziro) kanye neyamanje ibizwa ngokuthi yi-sequence impedance, futhi iwukulandelana okuhle, ukulandelana okunegethivu kanye ne-ziro yokulandelana kokulandelana ngokulandelana. I-impedance yokulandelana enhle empeleni i-impedance eboniswa ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile. Uma isistimu isebenza ngokulinganayo, kuzokwenziwa i-zero sequence current. I-impedance yokulandelana okuhle kwe-transformer ilingana ne-impedance yokulandelana okungalungile, futhi ilingana ne-impedance ye-short-circuit ye-transformer. Nge-impedance yokulandelana kukaziro, ngoba nganoma isiphi isikhathi, ubukhulu kanye nesiqondiso sokulandelana kweziziro zamanje kuzo zonke izigaba ezintathu ziyefana, okungukuthi, isamba sazo asilingani noziro, ngakho-ke ukuvinjelwa kokulandelana kukaziro kuhlobene ngokujulile ne-positive- i-impedance yokulandelana kanye ne-negative-sequence impedance. Umehluko wukuthi ubukhulu bawo abuhlobene nje kuphela nendlela yokuxhuma ye-winding, kodwa futhi nesakhiwo sensimbi yensimbi. Ngakho-ke, i-impedance ye-zero-sequence kufanele inqunywe ngesilinganiso sangempela.

 

 

Indlela Yokuhlola

 

 

⑴ Isigaba esisodwa sokuhlola ukungalayishi

Izinto zokuhlola ukungalayishi kwesigaba esisodwa ngokuvamile zisetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukulahlekelwa okungenamthwalo kanye nephesenti lamanje elingalayishi lama-transformer esigaba esisodwa. Ingase futhi isetshenziselwe ukuhlolwa kwesigaba nesigaba sama-transformer ezigaba ezintathu (ikakhulukazi esetshenziselwa ukuthola ukuthi i-transformer engaphansi kokuhlolwa inamaphutha esigaba esisodwa). Le ndlela yokuhlola iyadingeka futhi uma kungekho ugesi wezigaba ezintathu esizeni.

Isigaba esisodwa sokuhlola ukungalayishi nge-voltage yesigaba esingu-A kanye nesigaba samanje samanje sethuluzi. Njengoba kuboniswe emfanekisweni, sebenzisa ugesi wesigaba esisodwa njengomthombo wamandla wokuhlola, intambo ebukhoma ixhunywe kutheminali ephozithivu yetheminali yamanje yesigaba esingu-A sokuhlola, intambo ephuzi ewugqinsi ixhunywe kutheminali eyinegethivu ye i-terminal yamanje ye-A-phase, futhi ucingo oluncane luxhunywe ku-terminal ye-voltage ye-A-phase Ua, Umugqa owugqinsi wamapulangwe abomvu uxhunywe ngokuqondile kumugqa onguziro wokunikezwa kwamandla okuhlola, umugqa omncane uxhunywe ku-B- Itheminali ye-voltage yesigaba Ub, kanye nopliers ababili baboshelwa ngokulandelana kumatheminali amabili ohlangothini lwe-low-voltage. Uhlangothi lwe-voltage ephezulu luvuliwe.

 

 

Le ndlela ibuye ifanele ukulinganisa ukulahlekelwa okungekho komthwalo wama-transformer ezigaba ezintathu ezinamandla esigaba esisodwa. Uma kutholakala ukuthi ukulahlekelwa kudlula izinga ngemva kokuhlolwa kokungalayishwa kwezigaba ezintathu, ukulahlekelwa kwezigaba ezintathu kufanele kulinganiswe ngokuhlukana. Ngokuhlaziya nokuqhathanisa ukulahlekelwa okungenamthwalo kwesigaba ngasinye, ukusatshalaliswa kokulahlekelwa okungenamthwalo esigabeni ngasinye kungabonwa ukuze kuhlolwe ukuzungeza noma ukujikeleza kazibuthe kwesigaba ngasinye. ngokukhubazeka kwendawo noma ngaphandle kwayo. I-short-circuit one-single-fase winding ye-transformer ngokushintshana, sebenzisa i-voltage kwamanye ama-winding ezigaba ezimbili, futhi ulinganise ukulahlekelwa okungalayishiwe kanye nokungalayishwa kwamanje. Umdwebo we-wiring uboniswa emfanekisweni, ngokusho kwendlela yokuxhuma i-winding ye-transformer ngaphansi kokuhlolwa, indlela yokucindezela ingahlukaniswa ngezimo ezintathu njengoba kuboniswe kumfanekiso ongezansi.

a. Ukuphenduka okucindezelwe △ kuxhunyiwe

 

 

 

 

Ngesikhathi sokulinganisa, cindezela izigaba ze-ab, bc, ne-ca ngokushintshana, bese ufinyeza ama-windings angacindezelwe. Ukulahlekelwa okulinganiselwe kubalwa ngokuvumelana nefomula elandelayo:

Qaphela: Kufomula, u-In yisilinganiso samanje sekhoyili yokuhlola

 

 

 

b. Ukujikajika okunengcindezi kuxhunywe ku-Y futhi kunephuzu lokuhola elimaphakathi:

 

Lapho ukala, ukujikajika okungagxiliziwe kufushane; i-voltage esetshenzisiwe iphindwe kabili i-voltage yesigaba, umphumela wokulahlekelwa ubalwa ngokuvumelana nefomula 1, futhi umphumela wamanje ongenamthwalo uhambisana nefomula 2 (0.289 kufomula ishintshiwe ibe ngu-0.333).

 

 

c. Ukujikajika okunengcindezi kuxhunywe ku-Y, futhi alikho iphuzu elingathathi hlangothi elikhishiwe:

Uma ukujikajika okungacindezelwe kungakwazi ukujikeleza ngenxa yokuthi indawo emaphakathi ayidwetshwanga, isigaba esihambelanayo sokujikajika kwesibili kufanele sibe sifushane ngesikhathi sokulinganisa; i-voltage esetshenzisiwe kufanele ibe kabili i-voltage yesigaba.


⑵ Ukuhlola okungalayishi kwezigaba ezintathu

Izintambo njengoba kubonisiwe

 

 

Sebenzisa isilawuli se-voltage sezigaba ezintathu njengomthombo wamandla wokuhlola, xhuma ukuphela kokuphumayo kwesilawuli se-voltage ekugcineni okuhle kwetheminali yamanje yesihloli samandla; izintambo eziwugqinsi zezinsimbi zokuhlola ezintathu ngokulandelana kwazo zixhunywe ekugcineni okunegethivu kwetheminali yamanje yomhloli ngokuya ngombala; Izintambo ezincanyana zamapulangwe amathathu ngokulandelana zixhunywe kumatheminali kagesi wesihloli ngokuya ngemibala yazo. Bese ubophela izinsimbi zokuhlola ezintathu kutheminali eseceleni enevoltage ephansi ye-transformer ngaphansi kokuhlolwa. I-clamp ephuzi ixhunywe kukholomu yesigaba A, i-clamp eluhlaza ixhunywe kukholomu yesigaba B, futhi i-clamp ebomvu ixhunywe kukholomu yesigaba C. Uhlangothi lwe-voltage ephezulu luvuliwe.


(3) Ukuhlolwa kwesiyingi esifushane kwesigaba esisodwa

Izinto zokuhlola isifunda esifushane zesigaba esisodwa zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukulahleka kwesiyingi esifushane kanye ne-impedance voltage yama-single- phase transformer. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho kuhlolwa i-transformer yezigaba ezintathu, lapho kungekho ugesi wezigaba ezintathu noma amandla okunikezwa kwamandla amancane, futhi lapho ukuhlolwa kwesigaba nesigaba kuyadingeka ukuze kunqunywe isigaba esinephutha ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza noma ukusebenza. , indlela yokuhlola yesiyingi esifushane yesigaba esisodwa nayo iyadingeka; i-wiring ngendlela eboniswe emfanekisweni:

 

Sebenzisa ugesi wesigaba esisodwa njengomthombo wamandla wokuhlola, intambo ebukhoma ixhunywe kutheminali ephozithivu yetheminali yamanje yesigaba esingu-A sokuhlola, intambo ephuzi ewugqinsi ixhunywe kutheminali enegethivu yetheminali yamanje yesigaba A. , ucingo oluncane luxhunywe kutheminali ye-voltage yesigaba esingu-A u-Ua, futhi ucingo oluwugqinsi olubomvu luxhunywe kutheminali ye-A-phase Ua. Xhuma ngokuqondile kulayini onguziro wokuhlolwa kwamandla kagesi, xhuma ulayini omncane kutheminali kagesi yesigaba esingu-B u-Ub, bese ubophela amaphinifa amabili kumatheminali amabili ohlangothini lwe-voltage ephansi. I-high-voltage side i-short-circuited ngocingo olukhethekile lwe-short-circuit. Qaphela ukuthi i-short-circuit kufanele ibe yinhle, ngaphandle kwalokho idatha yokuhlola izothinteka.

Indlela yokwenza ukuhlola kwesigaba nesigaba sesifunda esifushane ku-transformer yezigaba ezintathu enamandla okuphakela isigaba esisodwa ukufinyeza amatheminali aphumayo ezigaba ezintathu ezine-voltage ephansi ye-transformer, futhi wenze izilinganiso ezintathu uhlangothi lwamandla kagesi aphezulu. Ngokwendlela yokuxhumana evunguzayo ye-transformer ngaphansi kokuhlolwa, ingahlukaniswa ngamacala amabili alandelayo. ,bheka a,b.

a. Ukuphenduka okucindezelwe △ kuxhunyiwe

Uhlangothi olunomfutho ophezulu lucindezelwa, futhi ukuphela kwesigaba sesithathu se-non-pressurized side (uhlangothi lokucindezela okuphansi) kudinga ukuxhunywa kancane ngesandla. I-current in the winding kufanele ibe izikhathi ezingu-2/zesithombe izikhathi zamanje ezilinganiselwe, futhi inani elilinganiselwe lingaguqulelwa ekulahlekeni okufushane kwesigaba sesithathu kanye nogesi wesekethe emfushane ngokuya ngefomula elandelayo:

Qaphela: lapho i-Un iyi-voltage elinganiselwe yohlangothi olucindezelwe

 

 

b. I-winding enomfutho ixhumeke ku-Y

     Ukucindezela phakathi kwanoma yiziphi izigaba ezimbili ngokulandelana, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuphela kwesigaba sesithathu sohlangothi olungacindezelwe luxhunywe isikhashana ngesandla.

 

Qaphela: lapho i-Un iyi-voltage elinganiselwe yohlangothi olucindezelwe

 

⑷ Ukuhlolwa kwesifunda esifushane sezigaba ezintathu

Intambo njengoba kuboniswe emfanekisweni:

 

Qaphela: Uma i-high-voltage noma i-medium-voltage side bushing ye-outlet ifakwe i-transformer yamanje eyindandatho, eyesibili ye-transformer yamanje kufanele ibe yimfushane ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.

Sebenzisa isilawuli se-voltage sezigaba ezintathu njengomthombo wamandla wokuhlola, xhuma ukuphela kokuphumayo kwesilawuli se-voltage ekugcineni okuhle kwetheminali yamanje yesihloli samandla; izintambo eziwugqinsi zezinsimbi zokuhlola ezintathu ngokulandelana kwazo zixhunywe ekugcineni okunegethivu kwetheminali yamanje yomhloli ngokuya ngombala; Izintambo ezincanyana zamapulangwe amathathu ngokulandelana zixhunywe kumatheminali kagesi wesihloli ngokuya ngemibala yazo. Bese ucindezela izinsimbi zokuhlola ezintathu kutheminali eseceleni yamandla kagesi aphezulu we-transformer ngaphansi kokuhlolwa. I-clamp ephuzi ixhunywe kukholomu yesigaba A, i-clamp eluhlaza ixhunywe kukholomu yesigaba B, futhi i-clamp ebomvu ixhunywe kukholomu yesigaba C. Bese usebenzisa ucingo olukhethekile lwe-short-circuit ukuze ufinyeze amatheminali amathathu ohlangothini lwe-low-voltage. Qaphela ukuthi i-short-circuit kufanele ixhumeke kahle, ngaphandle kwalokho idatha yokuhlola izothinteka.

 

 

⑸ Ukuhlolwa kwe-ziro-sequence impedance

I-impedance eboniswa yi-voltage ye-zero-sequence kanye ne-zero-sequence current ye-transformer ibizwa ngokuthi i-zero-sequence impedance. Uma isistimu isebenza ngokulinganayo, kuzokwenziwa i-zero-sequence current. Ubukhulu bayo abuhlobene kuphela nendlela ama-windings axhunywe ngayo, kodwa futhi nesakhiwo esiyinhloko.

Ngokulinganisa kwe-transformer impedance ye-zero-sequence, intambo njengoba kuboniswe emfanekisweni:

 

Sebenzisa isilawuli se-voltage sesigaba esisodwa njengesiphakeli samandla esivivinyayo, xhuma isiphetho esisodwa esiphumayo sesilawuli samandla kagesi ekupheleni okuhle kwetheminali yamanje yesigaba esingu-A somhloli wokulahlekelwa, futhi omunye umkhawulo ophumayo uye ekugcineni ongemuhle we-C- itheminali yamanje yesigaba somhloli; ukuhlolwa okuphuzi Intambo ewugqinsi ye-clamp ixhunywe ekugcineni okunegethivu kwetheminali yamanje yesigaba A somhloli, futhi intambo yokuhlola i-voltage ixhunywe kutheminali kagesi yesigaba esingu-A; intambo ewugqinsi ye-clamp yokuhlola ebomvu ixhunywe ekugcineni okunegethivu kwetheminali yamanje yesigaba C sokuhlola (okungukuthi, ngesilawuli samandla kagesi Okuphumayo kuxhunywe ndawonye), futhi ucingo oluncane luxhunywe esigabeni B. I-voltage terminal yomhloli. Bese ufinyeza amatheminali esigaba A, B, kanye no-C wendlela yezintambo eziseceleni ye-Yn ye-transformer ngaphansi kokuhlolwa ndawonye, ​​bese uxhuma i-clamp yokuhlola ephuzi; itheminali yesigaba esingu-0 ixhunywe ku-clamp yokuhlola ebomvu. Qaphela ukuthi kufanele ibe mfushane kahle, ngaphandle kwalokho izothinta idatha yokuhlola.



Izinyathelo Zokuhlola

I-1) I-transformer yokulinganisa amandla ezigaba ezintathu akukho-load, izinyathelo zokuhlola ukulahlekelwa komthwalo

A. Setha amapharamitha wokuhlola kuqala;

B. Xhuma izintambo zokuhlola ngokomdwebo wokuhlola wesifunda esifushane wezigaba ezintathu;

C. Yenza ukuhlolwa kwe-short-circuit yezigaba ezintathu futhi ukhiye idatha yokuhlola;

D. Xhuma izintambo zokuhlola ngokomdwebo wokuhlola ongalayishi wezigaba ezintathu;

E. Yenza ukuhlolwa kwezigaba ezintathu okungalayishiwe futhi ukhiye idatha yokuhlola;

F. Faka isikrini somphumela wokuhlola ukuze ubuke yonke idatha;

G. Gcina amarekhodi okuhlola.

2) Isiguquli sokulinganisa amandla esigaba esisodwa sokungalayishi, izinyathelo zokuhlola ukulahlekelwa komthwalo

A. Setha amapharamitha wokuhlola kuqala;

B. Xhuma intambo yokuhlola ngokomdwebo wokuhlola wesifunda esifushane wesigaba esisodwa;

C. Yenza ukuhlolwa kwe-short-circuit yesigaba esisodwa;

D. Rekhoda imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwesifunda esifushane

E. Xhuma intambo yokuhlola ngokomdwebo wokuhlola wesigaba esisodwa sokungalayishi;

F. Yenza ukuhlolwa kwesigaba esisodwa sokungalayishi;

G. Rekhoda imiphumela yokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa okungalayishiwe

Izinyathelo zokuzivikela

1. Qinisekisa ukuthi ungazithinti izingxenye zensimbi zokuhlola lapho ukala ukuze ugweme ukushaqeka kukagesi.

    2. Izintambo zokulinganisa kufanele zisetshenziswe ngokuhambisana ngokuqinile nemiyalelo, ngaphandle kwalokho imiphumela izoba ngokwakho engozini.

    3. Ngaphambi kokuhlola, qiniseka ukuthi uhlola ngokucophelela ukuthi imingcele emisiwe ilungile yini.

    4. Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-outlet kagesi ngocingo oluphansi.

    5. Ayikwazi ukusebenza ngaphansi kwe-voltage kanye nemikhawulo yamanje eyeqile.

    6. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-short-circuit, i-short-circuit ohlangothini olungenayo ingcindezi kufanele ibe yinhle, ngaphandle kwalokho izothinta imiphumela yokuhlolwa.

    7. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-short-circuit, uma i-high-voltage noma i-medium-voltage side outlet bushing ifakwe i-transformer yamanje ye-toroidal, i-secondary ye-transformer yamanje kufanele ibe isikhashana ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.

8. Umsebenzi wokuhlola izintambo kufanele wenziwe ngaphansi kombandela wokuthi isekethe ehloliwe igxiliwe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukushaqeka kukagesi ku-voltage eyenziwe.Zonke izikhindi, isisekelo nemikhondo kufanele zibe ne-cross-section eyanele futhi kufanele zixhunywe ngokuphephile. Inhlangano yokuhlola kufanele iqine futhi ukuxhumana kufanele kube bushelelezi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqhubeka okuphephile nokushelelayo komsebenzi wokuhlola.

Isingeniso sensimbi:

Isihloli sesici se-Transformer no-load no-load iyithuluzi elinemba okuphezulu elakhiwa ngokukhethekile futhi lathuthukiswa inkampani yethu ukuze kukale i-transformer akukho-load, imingcele yokulayisha kanye nemingcele ye-impedance yokulandelana kwe-zero. Ingakwazi ukulinganisa ngokunembile uchungechunge lwamapharamitha afana namanje ongalayishi, ukulahlekelwa okungalayishiwe, ukulahleka kwesifunda esifushane, i-impedance voltage, okuqukethwe kwe-harmonic, nezinga lokuhlanekezela lama-transformer ahlukahlukene. Insimbi inezinzuzo zobukhulu obuncane, isisindo esilula, ukunemba okuphezulu kokulinganisa, ukuzinza okuhle, ukusebenza okulula nokufunda okulula, njll. Ingakwazi ukufaka esikhundleni ngokuphelele indlela yangaphambili yokulinganisa ukulahlekelwa kwe-transformer namandla ngokusebenzisa indlela yamamitha amaningi, elula. izintambo, ukuhlola okulula nokurekhoda, nokwenza ngcono kakhulu ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi. Isebenzisa i-LCD yombala wangempela wesithombe esinesithombe esibukweni njengewindi lokubonisa, ukusebenza kwemenyu eyingcaca futhi ifakwe imiyalelo yezinhlamvu zesiShayina, isixhumi esibonakalayo esihlanganisa amapharamitha amaningi esikrinini esisodwa, isixhumi esibonakalayo esinobungane sengxoxo yomshini womuntu, kulula futhi kuyashesha ukusisebenzisa, futhi iyisinqumo esihle kakhulu sabasebenzisi bamandla kuwo wonke amazinga. Umkhiqizo othandwayo.

Izici zezinsimbi:

1. Ingakwazi ukukala i-no-load current, i-no-load loss, i-impedance voltage, ukulahlekelwa komthwalo kanye ne-zero-sequence impedance yezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-transformer.

2. Ingakwazi ukulungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuhlanekezela kwe-waveform, ukulungisa izinga lokushisa (ihlinzeka ngokulungiswa okulula kwezinga lokushisa kanye nokulungiswa okwengeziwe kokulahlekelwa ngokulandelanayo), ukulungiswa kwe-voltage (ukuhlolwa okungenamthwalo ngaphansi kwe-voltage engalinganiselwe), ukulungiswa kwamanje (isifunda esifushane ngaphansi kwezimo zamanje ezingakaliwe) ukuhlolwa ), ifaneleka kakhulu kumayunithi angenazo izimo zokuhlola zesiyingi esifushane zama-transformer anomthamo omkhulu kancane.

3. Ingakwazi ukukala i-voltage yezigaba ezintathu, yamanje yezigaba ezintathu, i-voltage emaphakathi, isilinganiso samanje, amandla asebenzayo ezigaba ezimbili (ngoba indlela yamamitha anamandla amabili yamukelwa, amandla wesigaba A no-C kuphela aboniswa lapha. ), namandla aphelele. I-4, Ingakwazi ukukala okuqukethwe kwe-harmonic kwe-2-42 ye-voltage yesigaba ngasinye kanye namanje kanye nenani eliphelele lokuhlanekezela (ukuhlanekezela kwe-harmonic) kwesignali ngayinye.

5. Ingabonisa i-waveform yesikhathi sangempela se-voltage yesigaba ngasinye kanye neyamanje, futhi ibonise ngokubonakalayo ukuhlanekezela kwe-waveform.

6. Umkhawulo we-voltage loop ububanzi: i-voltage ingalinganiswa kuze kufike ku-750V, futhi ukunemba kungaqinisekiswa ngaphandle kokushintsha amagiya. Ithuluzi ngokwalo ngeke lonakale ngenxa yokukhetha okungalungile kwegiya lamandla kagesi.

7. Isikrini esikhulu, imenyu yezinhlamvu zesiShayina egcwele kanye nokwaziswa kokusebenza kuyaqaphela ukuthi inkhulumomphendvulwano yomshini womuntu enobungane, izinkinobho zenjoloba eziqhubayo zenza ukusebenza kube lula, futhi isibonisi se-LCD esinombala wangempela wokukhanya okuphezulu singavumelana nezinkathi zasebusika nehlobo.

 8. Umsebenzisi angaphrinta idatha yokuhlola esebenzisa iphrinta encane noma kunini.

9. Yonke imiphumela yokuhlolwa ingagcinwa ngendlela yamarekhodi ukuze isetshenziswe esikhathini esizayo.

10. Iwashi langempela elakhelwe ngaphakathi lingabonisa usuku nesikhathi samanje ngesikhathi sangempela, futhi isikhathi sokuhlola singagcinwa ngesikhathi esifanayo lapho kugcinwa khona irekhodi.


Amapharamitha wezinsimbi: 

1. Izici zokufaka

  Ibanga lesilinganiso samandla kagesi: 0~750V umkhawulo obanzi.

  Ibanga lamanje lokulinganisa: 0~5~100A, bonke ububanzi bangaphakathi bushintshwa ngokuzenzakalela.

2. Ukunemba

  Amandla kagesi: ±0.2%

  Okwamanje: ±0.2% wobubanzi

 Amandla: ±0.5% (CosΦ>0.1), ±1.0% (0.05<CosΦ<0.1)

3. Izinga lokushisa lokusebenza

  Izinga lokushisa lokusebenza: -10 ℃ ~ +40 ℃

4. Amandla okusebenza

Amandla okusebenza: AC 160V~265V

5. I-insulation

   (1) Ukumelana nokufakwa kwe-voltage kanye namatheminali okokufaka amanje ku-chassis kukhulu noma kulingana no-100MΩ.

   (2) Imvamisa yamandla ingu-2KV (inani elisebenzayo) phakathi kwesiphetho samandla okusebenza kanye nekesi, futhi ukuhlolwa kuthathe iminithi elingu-1.

6. Umthamo: 32cm×24cm×13cm

7. Isisindo: 3Kg

Isithombe sensimbi:

 

 


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