UCanwin yiNkampani yeNkampani yoTshintsho lwaMandla kunye noMvelisi woMbane woMbane
Ulwimi
UCanwin yiNkampani yeNkampani yoTshintsho lwaMandla kunye noMvelisi woMbane woMbane
1.Kutheni undoqo we-transformer kufuneka usekelwe?
2.Kutheni ii-transformers zisebenzisa i-silicon sheet sheet njenge-cores?
3.Ithini indawo yokhuseleko lwerhasi?
4.Ziziphi iiyantlukwano phakathi kwenguqu ephambili ye-transformer kunye nokukhusela igesi?
5.Indlela yokujongana nempazamo ye-cooler ye-transformer engundoqo?
Yintoni enokwazi ngakumbi, jonga ngezantsi
01
Kutheni le nto undoqo we-transformer kufuneka usekelwe?
Kumsebenzi oqhelekileyo we-transformer yamandla, intsimbi yentsimbi kufuneka igcinwe ngokukhuselekileyo. Ukuba akukho siseko, i-voltage yokumiswa kombindi wentsimbi emhlabeni iya kubangela ukuwohloka okwethutyana kunye nokukhutshelwa kwentsimbi engundoqo emhlabeni, kunye nokuba nokwenzeka kokwenza amandla okunqunyanyiswa kombindi wentsimbi kupheliswe emva kokuba umbindi wentsimbi isekelwe. Nangona kunjalo, xa i-core isekelwe kumanqaku angaphezu kwamabini, amandla angalinganiyo phakathi kwee-cores aya kwenza ukujikeleza phakathi kwamanqaku omhlaba kwaye abangele i-multi-point grounding grounding heat heat of the core.
Impazamo yomhlaba yentsimbi ye-transformer iya kubangela ukugqithiswa kwendawo yendawo yentsimbi. Kwiimeko ezimandundu, ukunyuka kobushushu bendawo kumbindi wentsimbi kuya kwanda, intshukumo yerhasi ekhaphukhaphu, kunye nengozi yohambo yesenzo serhasi enzima iya kubangelwa. Impazamo yesiphaluka esifutshane phakathi kweetshiphu zentsimbi yenziwe ngundoqo wentsimbi etshisiweyo, eyandisa ilahleko yentsimbi kwaye ichaphazela ngokunzulu ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwe-transformer, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukubuyisela isinyithi sentsimbi ye-silicon ukuze kulungiswe. . Ke abaguquli abavumeli ukusekwa kwamanqaku amaninzi kunye nenqaku elinye kuphela.
02
Kutheni iziguquli zisebenzisa i-silicon sheets njengentsimbi?
Undoqo we-transformer oqhelekileyo wenziwa ngokubanzi nge-silicon sheet sheet. I-silicon yensimbi luhlobo lwe-silicon (i-silicon eyaziwa ngokuba yi-silicon) insimbi, umxholo wayo we-silicon kwi-0.8 ~ 4.8%. Ingundoqo ye-transformer yenziwe ngentsimbi ye-silicon, kuba insimbi ye-silicon ngokwayo iyimpahla yamagnetic ene-conductivity enamandla yamagnetic. Kwikhoyili esebenzayo, inokuvelisa amandla amakhulu okufakelwa kwamagnetic, ukwenzela ukuba umthamo we-transformer ungancitshiswa.
Njengoko sisazi, i-transformer yokwenyani ihlala isebenza kwi-ac state, kwaye ukulahlekelwa kwamandla akukhona nje ukuchasana kwekhoyili, kodwa nakwi-core core yentsimbi eyenziwa ngumbane oguqukayo. Ilahleko yamandla kumbindi wentsimbi idla ngokubizwa ngokuba "yilahleko yentsimbi". Ukulahleka kwentsimbi kubangelwa zizizathu ezibini, enye "yi-hysteresis loss" kwaye enye "yi-eddy current loss".
Ukulahleka kwe-Hysteresis yilahleko yentsimbi ebangelwa yi-hysteresis phenomenon kwinkqubo ye-magnetization ye-iron core. Ubungakanani bale lahleko bulingana nommandla ojikelezwe yi-hysteresis loop yezinto. I-hysteresis loop yensimbi ye-silicon imxinwa, kwaye ilahleko ye-hysteresis yentsimbi engundoqo esetyenziswa njenge-transformer incinci, enokunciphisa kakhulu iqondo lokushisa.
Kuba intsimbi yesilicon inezi zibonelelo zingasentla, kutheni ungasebenzisi yonke isilicon yentsimbi njengondoqo, kodwa uyiqhube ibe ngamashiti?
Kungenxa yokuba i-flake core inciphisa olunye uhlobo lwelahleko yentsimbi ebizwa ngokuba yilahleko yangoku ye-eddy. Ukusebenza kweTransformer, kukho ukutshintshwa kwangoku kwikhoyili, ivelisa i-magnetic flux ngokuqinisekileyo iyatshintshana. Olu tshintsho lutshintshayo ludala i-current induced kumbindi wentsimbi. Umbane owenziweyo owenziwe kumbindi wentsimbi ujikeleza kwinqwelomoya ejonge kwicala lemagnethi, ke ibizwa ngokuba yi-eddy current. Ilahleko yangoku ye-Eddy nayo ishushu ingundoqo. Ukuze kuncitshiswe ilahleko yangoku ye-eddy, i-core ye-iron ye-transformer ifakwe kwi-silicon sheet sheets efakwe kwi-insulated ukusuka komnye nomnye, ukwenzela ukuba i-eddy yangoku idlula icandelo elincinci kwisekethe ende kunye nemxinwa ukunyusa ukuchasana kwindlela ye-eddy yangoku. . Kwangaxeshanye, i-silicon kwintsimbi ye-silicon yonyusa ukumelana nezinto, kwaye ikwadlala indima ekunciphiseni i-eddi yangoku.
Kumbindi wentsimbi osetyenziswa njenge-transformer, ishidi le-silicon epholileyo eliqengqelekayo elingu-0.35mm lisetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Ngokobungakanani bentsimbi efunekayo, inqunyulwe ibe ngamashiti amade kwaye igqitywe kwimilo "yelanga" okanye "umlomo" imilo. Ngokomgaqo, ukuze kuncitshiswe i-eddy yangoku, i-silicone sheet sheet incinci kakhulu, iyancipha i-splicing strip, kwaye isiphumo singcono. Oku akunciphisi ilahleko yangoku ye-eddy kunye nokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu, kodwa ikwagcina imathiriyeli ye-silicon sheet sheet. Kodwa eneneni xa usenza i-silicon sheet sheet iron core. Akunjalo kuphela kwiinzuzo ezikhankanywe ngasentla, ukwenza i-core kuya kufuna ukwanda okukhulu kwiiyure zomntu kunye nokuncipha kwinqanaba elisebenzayo lomnqamlezo we-core. Ngoko ke, xa sisenza isiseko se-transformer kunye ne-silicon sheet sheet, kufuneka siqale kwimeko ethile, silinganise inzuzo kunye nokungalunganga, kwaye ukhethe ubungakanani obuhle kakhulu.
03
Yintoni umda wokhuseleko lwegesi?
1) Isiphaluka esifutshane se-Multiphase ngaphakathi kwe-transformer.
2) Isiphaluka esifutshane phakathi kokujika, i-short-circuit phakathi kwe-winding kunye ne-iron core okanye igobolondo.
3) Ukungaphumeleli kwentsimbi.
4) Ioli phantsi komhlaba okanye ukuvuza kweoli.
I-5) Uqhagamshelwano olubi lwe-tap switch okanye i-welding yocingo ayiqini.
04
Nguwuphi umahluko phakathi kwenguqu ephambili yenguqu kunye nokhuseleko lwegesi?
I-1, ukhuseleko oluphambili lwe-transformer umahluko luyilwe kwaye lwenziwe ngokomgaqo wokujikeleza kwangoku, kwaye ukhuseleko lwegesi luyilwe kwaye lwenziwe ngokweempawu zegesi eziveliswayo okanye ezibolileyo xa i-transformer ingaphumeleli yangaphakathi.
2. Ukukhuselwa okungafaniyo kukukhusela okuphambili kwe-transformer, kwaye ukukhuselwa kwegesi kukukhusela okuphambili kwempazamo yangaphakathi ye-transformer.
3, ngokwemida yokhuseleko eyahlukeneyo:
Ukhuseleko olwahlukileyo:
I-1) Umgca ophambili we-transformer kunye ne-coil ye-transformer ine-multiphase short circuit.
2) i-serious single-phase inter-turn short circuit.
I-3) Impazamo yokumisa i-coil yokukhusela kunye nocingo olukhokelayo kwinkqubo ephezulu yangoku.
B Ukhuseleko lwegesi:
1) Transformer yangaphakathi multiphase isiphaluka esifutshane.
2) i-inter-turn short circuit, inter-turn and core okanye ngaphandle kunye ne-short circuit.
3) Ukungaphumeleli kwentsimbi yentsimbi (ukufudumala nokutshisa ilahleko).
4) Ioli phantsi komhlaba okanye ukuvuza kweoli.
5) Uqhagamshelwano olubi lokutshintsha impompo okanye ukuwelda kakubi ucingo.
05
Indlela yokujongana nempazamo ye-cooler ye-transformer engundoqo?
1. Xa ukunikezelwa kwamandla okusebenza kwecandelo le-I kunye ne-II ye-cooler lilahlekile, uphawu lwe-"#1, #2 ukusilela kwamandla" luya kuthunyelwa. I-cooler ye-transformer ephambili iya kumisa kwaye isekethe yohambo iqhagamshelwe.
2. Kwimeko yokungaphumeleli kokutshintshwa kombane kwicandelo le-I kunye ne-II ngexesha lokusebenza, "i-cooler all stops" ikhanyisa, kwaye ke i-cooler ye-transformer engundoqo yonke i-stop and trip circuit ixhunyiwe. Isethi yokukhusela iya kuxelwa ngokukhawuleza ekuthumeleni kwaye ikhubaziwe, kwaye ukutshintshwa ngesandla kuya kwenziwa ngokukhawuleza.
3. Xa nayiphi na enye yeesekethi ezipholileyo isilela, yahlula i-cooler circuit yodwa.
06
Ziziphi imiphumo yokusebenza okufanayo kwee-transformers ezingahambelani neemeko zokusebenza ngokufanayo?
Xa umlinganiselo oguquguqukayo awufani kunye nokusebenza okufanayo, kuya kubakho ukujikeleza, okuchaphazela imveliso ye-transformer, ukuba ipesenti ye-impedance ayihambelani kunye nokusebenza okufanayo, ayikwazi ukusasaza umthwalo ngokomlinganiselo womthamo we i-transformer, kodwa ikwachaphazela imveliso ye-transformer. Xa amaqela e-wiring awafani kwaye aqhube ngokufana, i-transformer iya kuba yisiphaluka esifutshane.
07
Yintoni ebangela isandi esingaqhelekanga se-transformer?
1) phezu komthwalo;
2) Uqhagamshelwano olubi lwangaphakathi, ukukhutshwa komlilo;
3) Ezinye iindawo zikhululekile;
4) Kukho isiseko okanye isiphaluka esifutshane kwinkqubo;
5) Ukuqala kwemoto enkulu kubangela utshintsho olukhulu lomthwalo.
08
Kunini apho ukutshintshwa kwempompo ye-on-load voltage regulator ye-transformer engavumelekanga ukuba ilungiswe?
1) Ukusebenza kweTransformer overload (ngaphandle kwamatyala akhethekileyo)
2) Xa ukhuseleko lwegesi olukhanyayo lwesixhobo sokulawula uxinzelelo lomthwalo luhlala luvela uphawu.
3) xa kungekho oyile kuphawu lweoyile yesixhobo sokulawula uxinzelelo lomthwalo.
4) Xa inani loxinzelelo lokulawula lidlula inani elichaziweyo.
5) Ukwenzeka okungaqhelekanga kwesixhobo sokulawula uxinzelelo.
09
Yeyiphi imilinganiselo kwi-nameplate yesiguquli?
Ukulinganisa ukuguqulwa ngummiselo womenzi wokusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwe-transformer, i-transformer kwisimo esichaziweyo sokusebenza, inokuqinisekisa umsebenzi othembekileyo wexesha elide, kwaye ube nokusebenza kakuhle. Ukalo lwayo lubandakanya oku kulandelayo:
I-1, umthamo olinganisiweyo: i-transformer kwisimo esilinganisiweyo somthamo wemveliso yexabiso eliqinisekisiweyo, iyunithi ene-volt-ampere (VA), i-kilovolt-ampere (kVA) okanye i-mega volt-ampere (MVA), kuba i-transformer inomsebenzi ophezulu wokusebenza. ukusebenza kakuhle, ngokuqhelekileyo imvelaphi kunye nesibini ukuvunguza rated ixabiso loyilo umthamo uyalingana.
I-2, i-voltage elinganisiweyo: ibhekisela kwixabiso eliqinisekisiweyo le-terminal voltage ye-transformer xa kungekho mthwalo, ochazwe kwii-volts (V) kunye ne-kilovolts (kV). Ngaphandle kokuba kuchazwe ngenye indlela, i-voltage elinganisiweyo yi-voltage yomgca womnwe.
3. Ireyithiwe yangoku: ibhekisa kumgca wangoku obalwa ukusuka kumthamo olinganisiweyo kunye ne-voltage elinganisiweyo, echazwe kwi-ampere (A).
I-4, akukho mthwalo wangoku: i-transformer akukho-load operation yokuvuselela yangoku kwipesenti yangoku ehleliweyo.
I-5, ilahleko yesiphaluka esifutshane: elinye icala lesiphaluka esifutshane esijikelezayo, elinye icala lombane ojikelezayo ukuze macala omabini ajikeleze ukufikelela kwilahleko esebenzayo yangoku, echazwe kwiiwatts (W) okanye i-kilowatt (kW).
I-6, ilahleko yokungabikho komthwalo: ibhekisela ekulahlekelweni kwamandla asebenzayo kwi-transformer ekusebenzeni okungahambiyo, okuchazwe kwii-watts (W) okanye i-kilowatts (kW).
I-7, i-voltage yesiphaluka esifutshane: ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-impedance voltage, ibhekisa kwelinye icala lesekethe emfutshane ejikajikayo, elinye icala lokujija ukufikelela kumbane olinganisiweyo osetyenziswayo ngoku kunye nepesenti yombane olinganisiweyo.
8. Iqela loQhagamshelwano: libonisa indlela yokudibanisa ye-windings ephambili kunye neyesibini kunye nokwahlukana kwesigaba phakathi kombane womgca, omele iwashi.
10
Kutheni le nto abaguquli bemithombo yangoku befuna umthamo omkhulu we-transformer?
Iziguquli ngokuqhelekileyo ziyilelwe umthamo olinganisiweyo, kungekhona amandla alinganisiweyo, kuba okwangoku kuhambelana kuphela nomthamo olinganisiweyo. Kwi-voltage-source converters, umthamo olinganisiweyo kunye namandla alinganisiweyo aphantse alingane ngenxa yokuba igalelo lamandla egalelo lisondele kwi-1. Isiguquli somthombo wangoku asiyiyo, igalelo lalo lokuguqula amandla alo lilingana nomthwalo we-asynchronous motor factor, ke kwimoto yomthwalo ofanayo, umthamo wayo olinganisiweyo mkhulu kune-voltage source converter converter.
11
Umthamo wesiguquli unxulumene nantoni?
Ukukhethwa kwentsimbi yentsimbi kuhambelana ne-voltage, kwaye ukhetho locingo luhambelana nangoku, oko kukuthi, ubukhulu bocingo buhambelana ngqo nexabiso le-calorific. Oko kukuthi, umthamo we-transformer uhambelana kuphela nexabiso le-calorific. Kwi-transformer eyiliweyo, ukuba ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu akulunganga kwindawo engqongileyo, ukuba i-1000KVA, ukuba umthamo wokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu uphuculwe, kunokwenzeka ukuba usebenze kwi-1250KVA.
Ukongezelela, umthamo oqingqiweyo we-transformer uhambelana nokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa elivumelekileyo, umzekelo, ukuba i-transformer ye-1000KVA, ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa elivumelekileyo ngu-100K, ukuba kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo, kunokuvunyelwa ukuba kusebenze ukuya kwi-120K, amandla ayo. ingaphezulu kwe-1000KVA. Kwakhona kunokubonwa ukuba ukuba iimeko zokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu ze-transformer ziphuculwe, amandla ayo okubizwa anganyuswa. Ngokwahlukileyo, kumthamo ofanayo wokuguqula, umthamo wekhabhinethi ye-transformer unokunciphisa.
12
Indlela yokuphucula ukusebenza kwe-transformer?
1) Zama ukukhetha ilahleko ephantsi, ukusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu kunye ne-transformer yokugcina amandla
2) Ngokomthwalo, khetha i-transformer umthamo ofanelekileyo
3) Umyinge womthwalo we-transformer kufuneka ube mkhulu kune-70%
4) xa umyinge womthwalo womlinganiso uhlala ungaphantsi kwe-30%, i-transformer encinci kufuneka itshintshwe ngokufanelekileyo.
I-5) Ukuphucula amandla omthwalo womthwalo ukuphucula amandla e-transformer ukuhambisa amandla asebenzayo
6) Ukucwangciswa okunengqiqo komthwalo, ngokusemandleni ukunciphisa inani lomsebenzi we-transformer
13
Kutheni ukukhawuleza ukuguqulwa kobugcisa be-transformer yokusabalalisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu?
Iziguquli zokusasazwa kokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu zibhekiselele kwi-SJ, SJL, SL7, S7 kunye nezinye iinguqu ze-series, ilahleko yentsimbi, ilahleko yobhedu iphezulu kakhulu kune-S9 series transformers esetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngoku, njenge-S7 xa kuthelekiswa ne-S9, ilahleko yentsimbi 11 I-% ephezulu, ilahleko yobhedu i-28% ephezulu.
Kwaye i-transformer entsha, efana ne-S10, i-S11 i-transformer kune-S9 yokugcina amandla, i-amorphous alloy transformer ilahleko yentsimbi ilingana ne-S7 20 kuphela. Iinguqu ngokubanzi zinobomi benkonzo yamashumi eminyaka. Ukutshintsha i-high-energy transformer kunye ne-high-efficiency-saving transformer ayikwazi nje ukuphucula ukuguqulwa kwamandla okusebenza, kodwa nokugcina umbane kwixesha lokuphila.
14
Yintoni i-eddy current? Yiyiphi imiphumo eyingozi yokuvelisa i-vortex?
Xa umsinga otshintshanayo udlula ngocingo, imagnethi etshintshanayo yenziwa ijikeleze ucingo. I-conductor yonke kwindawo etshintshanayo yamagnetic iya kuvelisa i-induced current ngaphakathi, kuba lo msinga owenziweyo kwi-conductor yonke ngokwayo ibe yi-loop evaliweyo, efana ne-vortex yamanzi, ebizwa ngokuba yi-vortex. I-Eddy yangoku ayiyi kuchitha amandla kuphela, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwezixhobo zombane, kwaye iya kubangela ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zombane (ezifana ne-transformer core) zokufudumeza, ezinzulu ziya kuchaphazela ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwezixhobo.
15
Kutheni le nto kufuneka ukhuseleko lwexeshana loguqulo luthintele umbane ophantsi wesekethe yangoku?
Ikakhulu ithathela ingqalelo ukukhethwa kwentshukumo yokukhuselwa kwerelay, icala eliphezulu lokhuseleko olukhawulezayo lwekhefu ikakhulu, ukhuseleko oluqatha lwangaphandle lweziphoso ze-transformer kukuba awuphepheli icala lombane eliphantsi le-transformer ekuseteni ubuninzi be-short-circuit yangoku, ngenxa yecala lombane eliphantsi. ayikho kude nokuthunyelwa koluhlu olufutshane lwexabiso langoku lwesekethe alikho likhulu, isiseko esilinganayo, oku kuya kwenza ukhuseleko oluphezulu lwekhefu olukhawulezayo lwandiswe kuxinzelelo oluphantsi, Ngoko ulahlekelwa ukukhetha. Emva kokulahlekelwa ukhuseleko olukhethiweyo oluthembekileyo ngakumbi, kodwa ukuvumela ukuphazamiseka, njengangoku kukho ezininzi iiseti zemizi-mveliso 10 kv igumbi lokuguqula rhoqo (10 kv ibhasi + i-outlet circuit breaker), yonke iworkshop iseti igumbi eliphantsi lokuguqula amandla (ikhabhathi yenethiwekhi yenethiwekhi + isiguquli ), ukuba umaphuli wesekethe akaphunyuki kwicala lamandla ombane aphantsi we-transformer ubuninzi be-short-circuit yangoku iya kubangela iswitshi engundoqo yombane ophantsi, (i-ring network yekhabhathi yomthwalo switch fuse), intshukumo ye-High voltage breaker circuit, izise inkuthazo ekusebenzeni.
16
Kutheni zingenakusekwa ii-transformer ezimbini ezinxuseneyo ngaxeshanye?
Kwinkqubo yangoku ephezulu, ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zokulungelelaniswa kobuntununtunu bokukhuselwa kwe-relay, enye inxalenye ye-transformer ephambili isekelwe, kwaye enye inxalenye ingaphantsi.
Amanqaku angathathi hlangothi eenguqu ezimbini eziphambili kwisikhululo esinye azisekelwanga ngexesha elifanayo, ngoko ke ukulungelelaniswa kwe-zero ulandelelwano lwangoku kunye nokukhusela i-voltage ngokulandelelana kuqwalaselwa ngokukodwa.
Kwi-substation ene-multiple transformers esebenza ngokufana, enye inxalenye yamanqaku angathathi hlangothi e-transformer isekelwe kwaye enye inxalenye ingekho phantsi. Ngale ndlela, umgangatho wesiphoso somhlaba wangoku unokunqunyulwa kuluhlu olufanelekileyo, kwaye ubungakanani kunye nesinyathelo segridi yonke i-zero-sequence yangoku ayinakuchaphazeleka kutshintsho lwendlela yokusebenza, kunye novakalelo lwe-zero-sequence yangoku. ukhuseleko lwenkqubo lunokuphuculwa.
17
Kutheni i-transformer esanda kufakwa okanye ehlaziyiweyo kufuneka yenze uvavanyo lokuvala impembelelo phambi kokuba iqalise ukusebenza?
Ukukhutshwa kwee-transformers ezingenamthwalo ezisebenza kwigridi kuya kubangela ukugqithiswa kokusebenza. Kwiinkqubo ezisezantsi ezisezantsi, i-amplitude yento ebizwa ngokuba yi-overvoltage ingaba ngamaxesha angama-3 ukuya kwe-4 i-voltage yesigaba esilinganisiweyo; Kwiinkqubo ezinkulu ezisekelwe phantsi, i-overvoltage yokusebenza inokuthi ifikelele kumaxesha ama-3 ombane wesigaba esilinganisiweyo. Ngoko ke, ukwenzela ukuvavanya ukuba i-insulation ye-transformer inokumelana ne-voltage elinganisiweyo kunye ne-overvoltage yokusebenza, iimvavanyo ezininzi zokuvala impembelelo kufuneka zenziwe ngaphambi kokuba i-transformer isetyenziswe. Ukongezelela, igalelo le-no-load transformer liya kuvelisa i-inrush yangoku, ixabiso layo linokufikelela kwi-6 ~ 8 amaxesha angoku alinganiselwe. Ngenxa yokuba i-excitation inrush current iya kuvelisa amandla amaninzi ombane, ngoko ke yenza uvavanyo lokuvala impembelelo okanye ucinge ukuba amandla omatshini we-transformer kunye nokukhuselwa kwe-relay kuya kuphazamisa amanyathelo asebenzayo.
Umthombo: IiWindows kuMandla
