Iziseko zeSiguquli saMandla

1.  2. Ukuhlelwa ngokujija

2. (1) I-transformer ene-double-winding: esetyenziselwa i-step-up transformer, i-step-down transformer, i-factory transformer, njl.

3. (2) I-transformer ejikelezayo emithathu: isetyenziselwa i-step-down transformer, i-tie transformer, njl.

4. (3) I-self-coupling transformer: isetyenziselwa i-step-down transformer, i-transformer yokudibanisa, njl.

5. (4) I-Split transformer: Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ze-axial split kunye ne-radial split, ezisetyenziselwa i-fektri transformers kunye ne-start-up transformers.

7.  3. Ukuhlelwa ngokwesakhiwo

8. (1) Isiguquli senqanaba elinye: sisetyenziselwa ii-330 ~ 1000kV iziguquli.

9. (2) I-transformer yesigaba esithathu: isetyenziselwa i-10 ~ 500 kV i-transformer.

10. (3) I-transformer edibeneyo: I-transformer ihlukaniswe ngamacandelo amaninzi, kwaye i-transformer idibaniswe emva kokufika kwindawo, esetyenziselwa kwiindawo ezine-traffic engathandekiyo.

12. 4. Ukuhlelwa ngendlela yokupholisa

13. (1) Isiguquli se-oyile esintywiliselwe kwi-oyile: isetyenziselwa i-10 ~ 1000kV i-transformers.

14. (2) I-Dry-type transformer: isetyenziselwa i-10 ~ 110 kV iziguquli.

15. (3) I-SF6 transformer: ngoku isetyenziselwa i-110 kV transformers.

17. 5. Umzekelo we-transformer yamandla

19. (1) Intsingiselo yoonobumba abakumzekelo

21.  D—Inqanaba elinye F—Ukuntywiliselwa kwe-oyile yokupholisa umoya

22.  I-O-self P-i-oyile enyanzeliswayo

23.  I-S-Isigaba esithathu okanye ezintathu-coil J-I-Oil-immersed self-cooling

24.  Z-I-voltage yokulawula i-L-Aluminiyam ikhoyili

26.  * Iikhoyili zobhedu kunye neekhoyili eziphindwe kabini akufuneki zongeze iisimboli

28. (2) Umzekelo

30. I-SFPSL—120000/110: 110kV, 120MVA isigaba sesithathu-i-coil inyanzeliswa ukujikeleziswa kwe-oyile emoyeni-ipholile i-aluminiyam yesiguquli sekhoyili

32. OSFPSZ—240000/330: 330 kV, 240MVA isigaba sesithathu se-coil kumthwalo wolawulo lwamandla ombane ngenkani ukujikeleziswa kwe-oyile-i-air-cool self-coupling transformer

Okwesibini, ikhoyili ye-transformer yamandla

Ikhoyili iyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwaye iyinkimbinkimbi kwi-transformer yamandla. Yenziwe ngocingo (okanye i-aluminium) yobhedu kwaye iqulethwe ngamalungu akhethekileyo akhuselayo.

1. Ikhoyili ejikelezayo

Uphawu oluphambili lwekhoyili ejikelezayo kukuba inani leentambo ezihambelanayo likhulu, ikeyiki yocingo ifakwe kwi-spiral, kwaye ikeyiki enye yocingo i-coil ye-turn. Ikhoyili ejikelezayo inozinzo oluhle lomatshini, ukuchithwa kakuhle kobushushu kunye nobugcisa obuhle, kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-low-voltage kunye ne-high-current coil of transformers.

I-coil ye-helical inokulimala kwizakhiwo ezintathu ze-helix enye, i-helix ephindwe kabini kunye ne-quadruple helix ngokobukhulu bangoku.

2. Ikhoyili eqhubekayo

Xa i-coil iqulunqwe ngamacandelo amaninzi ocingo asasazwa kwicala le-axial kwaye akufuneki ukuba idityaniswe komnye nomnye, ibizwa ngokuba yi-coil eqhubekayo.

Isiphelo sokuxhaswa kwe-coil eqhubekayo sikhulu, i-axial force inkulu, i-short-circuit resistance inamandla, kwaye icandelo ngalinye lomgca linomthamo omkhulu wokushisa ukushisa. Olu hlobo lwekhoyili lunoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kungakhathaliseki izinga lombane okanye uluhlu lwamandla.

3. Ikhoyili ephothiweyo

Ikhoyili ephothiweyo inamacandelo amaninzi emigca ephothiweyo (iipayi). Iikhoyili ezinamacandelwana emigca ephothiweyo (iikeyiki) zibizwa ngokuba ziikhoyili eziphothiweyo ngokupheleleyo, kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwii-transformers ezine-voltages ezingama-220kV nangaphezulu. I-coil ehlanganiswe yinxalenye yecandelo lomgca odibeneyo (ikhekhe) kunye nenxalenye yecandelo lomgca oqhubekayo libizwa ngokuba yi-coil eqhubekayo edibeneyo, esetyenziswe kwi-transformers ene-voltages ye-66 kV nangaphezulu.

Ekubeni ifakela ukujika okungahambelaniyo phakathi kojiko olukufutshane lwekhoyili, amacandelo elayini egxadayo ayakheka kwaye yenziwe ikhoyili ephothiweyo, ngaloo ndlela inyusa umthamo we-longitudinal wekhoyili kwaye yenza i-voltage ye-impulse ecaleni kokuphakama kwe-axial yekhoyili. Iimpawu zokusasaza ziphuculwe, ngoko ke zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiikhoyili ezahlukeneyo ze-voltage.

4. Ikhoyili ekhuselekileyo yangaphakathi

Ikhoyili eqhubekayo yekhaka kukuphucula ukuhanjiswa kwamandla ombane ngokunyusa umthamo wechungechunge phakathi kwamacandelo omgca. Isici sayo sesakhiwo kukuba i-capacitor eyongezelelweyo ijika inxeba ngqo ngaphakathi kwecandelo lomgca oqhubekayo. Iziphelo zokujika kwe-capacitor zifakwe kwi-insulation kwaye zinqunyanyiswe kwicandelo lomgca. Ukujika kwe-capacitor akuthwali okwangoku kwaye kusebenza kuphela phantsi kwe-voltage ye-impulse.

Iikhoyili eziqhubekayo ezikhuselweyo zangaphakathi zifumaneka ngokusesikweni ngendlela ye-jumper yamacandelo amabini, i-jumper yamacandelo amane, i-jumper yamacandelo asibhozo kunye nokudibanisa kwecandelo.

Okwesithathu, ingundoqo yentsimbi yesiguquli samandla

Ingundoqo yentsimbi nayo iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-transformer yamandla. Yenziwa ngokupakisha amaphepha entsimbi e-silicon anokufikeleleka okuphezulu kwaye emva koko uwacinezele ngeziqeshana zentsimbi okanye uzibophelele ngeeribhoni zeglasi.

1. Iphepha lensimbi ye-silicon

Amaphepha entsimbi yesilicon asetyenziswa kwiziguquli zamandla abandayo egadolinium silicon sheets yentsimbi enobunzima obuyi-0.3~0.5mm. Okwangoku, yi-Wuhan Iron kunye ne-Steel Plant kunye ne-Shanghai Baosteel kuphela enokuvelisa i-gadolinium silicon sheet sheets ebandayo. Nangona kunjalo, amashiti ensimbi ye-silicon yeenguqu ezinkulu kufuneka angeniswe eJapan.

2. Ubume bentsimbi yentsimbi

(1) Isigaba esisodwa se-iron-column ye-iron core, esetyenziselwa i-transformers eyahlukeneyo yesigaba esisodwa.

(2) Isigaba esinye sesigaba sekholamu yekholamu engundoqo yedyokhwe, esetyenziselwa i-high-voltage enkulu yomthamo we-single-phase transformers.

(3) Isigaba esisodwa sekholamu engundoqo yedyokhwe yecala isetyenziselwa i-high-voltage kunye ne-ultra-high-voltage enkulu-yenqanaba elilodwa le-transformers.

4

5

Okwesine, itanki yeoli ye-oyile-immersed transformer

1. Itanki yeoyile yohlobo lomphanda isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiinguqu ezincinci ezintywiliselwe ioyile kunye neziguquli ezintywiliselwe kakhulu kwioyile.

2. I-Bell jar uhlobo lwetanki yeoli, isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-110 ~ 500kV i-oyile-i-oil-immersed transformer.

3. Itanki yeoli evalwe ngokupheleleyo sele izakudityaniswa ife. Isetyenziswe kuphela kwiziguquli ze-oyile ezintywiliselwe kwi-110kV nangaphezulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje.

5. Umgcini we-oyile we-oyile-immersed transformer

I-oyile ye-oyile ye-transformer inemisebenzi emibini, enye kukubonelela ngesithuba sokwandiswa kwe-thermal kunye nokunciphisa ioli ye-transformer kwi-tank yeoli; enye kukwahlula i-oyile ye-transformer kwi-atmosphere yangaphandle ukukhusela ioli ye-transformer ekugugeni.

1. I-Capsule-type-oil conservator, esebenzisa i-capsules ye-rubber ukwahlula ioli ye-transformer kwi-atmosphere yangaphandle, kwaye inika indawo yokwandiswa kwe-thermal kunye nokunciphisa ioli ye-transformer.

2. Umgcini weoli ye-diaphragm usebenzisa i-rubber diaphragm ukwahlula i-oyile ye-transformer kwi-atmosfera yangaphandle, kwaye inika indawo ye-oyile ye-transformer ukwandisa kunye nenkontileka.

3. I-oyile ye-oyile esetyenzisiweyo isebenzisa i-expander yensimbi eyenziwe ngamacwecwe ensimbi edibeneyo ukuze ihlukanise ioli ye-transformer kwi-atmosphere yangaphandle, kwaye ibonelele i-oyile ye-transformer ngesithuba sokwandiswa kwe-thermal kunye nokunciphisa. I-oyile ye-oyile edibeneyo ihlulwe ibe ziindidi ezimbini: uhlobo lweoli yangaphakathi kunye nodidi lweoli yangaphandle. Uhlobo lweoli yangaphakathi lunomsebenzi ongcono kodwa umthamo omkhulu.

6. Indlela yokupholisa ye-oyile-immersed transformer

1. Iimpawu ezimele iindlela zokupholisa

Unobumba wokuqala: O-mineral oil, K—synthetic insulating fluid, L—igesi ekhuselayo.

Ileta yesibini: N - ukujikelezwa kwe-convection yendalo, F - ukujikeleza kweoli ngenkani, i-D - ukujikeleza kwesikhokelo ngenkani.

Unobumba wesithathu: A - umoya, W - amanzi.

Unobumba wesine: N - i-convection yendalo, F - ukujikeleza ngenkani (i-fan, impompo).

2. Imizekelo

UONAN—Ukupholisa simahla

ONAF - ukupholisa umoya

I-OFAF-Ukupholisa i-Oli ngokunyanzeliswa kokujikeleza komoya

I-ODAF—Ukupholisa okuKhokelelwayo kokujikeleza kweOli ngokunyanzeliswa

Zisixhenxe, i-transformer bushing

1. Iporcelain ecocekileyo yokugquma bushing ye-40kV nangaphantsi

Olu hlobo lwe-casing lunezakhiwo ezibini zodidi lwentonga yesikhokelo kunye nohlobo lwekhebula. Uhlobo lwentonga yesikhokelo isetyenziselwa i-low-voltage bushings ye-transformers; uhlobo lwekhebula lusetyenziselwa i-10 ~ 20kV imigca ephumayo ye-voltage ephezulu.

2. I-bushing ephezulu yangoku eyi-40kV nangaphantsi

Olu hlobo lwe-bushing luneentlobo ezimbini zezakhiwo: uhlobo lwentonga yesikhokelo kunye nohlobo lwe-capacitive. Uhlobo lwesikhokelo sohlobo lwe-ceramic bushing lusetyenziselwa i-low-voltage winding outlet ye-medium-capacity generator transformers; i-capacitive bushing isetyenziselwa i-low-voltage winding outlet ye-generator transformers enkulu.

3. I-oil-paper capacitive bushing ye-66kV nangaphezulu

I-insulation yangaphakathi yalo mkhono yi-capacitor core eyenziwe ngephepha le-insulating kunye ne-aluminium foil inxeba ngokuhlukileyo. I-core capacitor kunye nomkhono we-porcelain uzaliswe ngeoli ye-insulating. Ukudibanisa phakathi kwe-sleeve kunye ne-winding ineentlobo ezimbini zodidi lwentonga yesikhokelo kunye nohlobo lwekhebula. uhlobo lwesakhiwo. I-oil-paper capacitor core ifakwe ngokutshintshileyo kwi-tube conductive nge-0.08 ~ 0.12mm yephepha elishinyeneyo lentambo kunye ne-0.01mm yefoyile ye-aluminiyam.

4. I-tape-paper capacitive bushings ye-66 kV nangaphezulu

I-insulation yangaphakathi yalo mkhono ngundoqo we-capacitor owenziwe ngephepha elinamathelisa elijikayo kunye ne-aluminium foil. I-core capacitor kunye ne-sleeve ye-porcelain izaliswe ngeoli ye-insulating, kwaye inxalenye engezantsi yomkhono ayifuni umkhono we-porcelain. Nangona kunjalo, i-tanδ yolu hlobo lwe-casing inkulu, kwaye iphepha lokuncamathelisa kulula ukuqhekeka kwaye likhuphe ukukhutshwa, kwaye ukuveliswa kuyekiwe ngoku.

5. I-resin cast capacitor bushing

I-insulation engundoqo yalo mkhono ikwayi-capacitor core eyenziwe ngokutshintshana kwephepha lokugquma insulating kunye ne-aluminium foil, kwaye i-epoxy resin igalelwa ngaphandle ukuze ibe ngumkhono oqinileyo wokukhusela. Olu hlobo lwe-bushing lunokusetyenziswa njenge-oil-gas bushing, inxalenye ephezulu ibekwe kumbhobho we-GIS, kwaye i-SF6 igesi izaliswe phakathi; inxalenye esezantsi intywiliselwe kwioli ye-transformer.

8. Indlela yokulawula i-voltage ye-transformer yamandla

1. Indlela yokulawula umbane

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeendlela zokulawula i-voltage ye-voltage ye-transformer: ukulawulwa kwamandla ombane angaxhamli kunye nokulawulwa kwamandla ombane. Ukulawulwa kombane ongeyo-excitation, owaziwa ngokuba ngummiselo wombane wokungathwali, kukulawula umbane xa i-transformer imisiwe kwaye ngaphandle komthwalo; Isixhobo sokulawula amandla ombane angeyo-excitation sibizwa ngokuba sisitshintshi setephu engalayishiyo; isixhobo esilawula amandla ombane ekulayishweni sibizwa ngokuba sisitshintshi setephu elayishiweyo.

2. Isikhundla solawulo lombane kumthwalo

Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zeendawo zolawulo lwamandla ombane we-transformer on-load on-load: ulawulo lwamandla ombane kwindawo engathathi hlangothi, umgaqo wolawulo lwamandla ombane ophakathi kunye nolawulo lwamandla ombane aphezulu wecoil ekupheleni kombane. Phakathi kwazo, ulwakhiwo kunye nenkqubo yolawulo lwamanqaku angathathi hlangothi lulula, kwaye zininzi izicelo.

3. Iswitshi elawula amandla ombane kumthwalo

Iswitshi elawula uxinzelelo ikwayimpompo yokutshintsha. Okwangoku, umgangatho wabatshintshi bempompo oveliswe ekhaya awulunganga ngokwaneleyo, kwaye uninzi lwabatshintshi bempompo baxhomekeke ekungenisweni kwamanye amazwe, apho uninzi lwazo lungeniswa kwiJamani MR kunye neSweden ABB.

Isithoba, ioli ye-transformer

1. Ukuqulunqwa kweoli ye-transformer

oyile Transformer ioli yezimbiwa, nto leyo engumxube ezininzi hydrocarbon molekyuli zobunzima ezahlukeneyo molekyuli, leyo ubukhulu becala iikhompawundi hydrocarbon ezifana alkanes, naphthenes kunye nentwana hydrocarbons enuka kamnandi.

 2. Umsebenzi kunye nebakala leoli ye-transformer

Ioli yokuguqula ioli ye-insulating oil-immersed transformers. Ioli ye-transformer ayinayo kuphela umsebenzi we-insulation, kodwa inomsebenzi wokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu.

Ioli yeTransformer ihlukaniswe kwiNombolo ye-25 yeoli kunye neNombolo ye-45 yeoli ngokwendawo yokukhenkceza. Indawo yokukhenkceza yeNombolo ye-25 yeoli ingaphantsi kwe-25 ° C; indawo yokukhenkceza yeNombolo ye-45 yeoli ithabatha i-45°C.

I-oyile ye-25 ye-transformer ioli yeparafini, kunye ne-oyile ye-45 ye-transformer ioli ye-naphthenic. Ngaphambili, i-oyile ye-45 ye-transformer kwafuneka ingeniswe ngaphandle, kwaye ngoku i-Xinjiang Karamay Refinery nayo inokuvelisa.

10. Inkqubo yokuvelisa i-transformer yamandla

I-transformer yamandla iqulethwe ngamacandelo amabini: umzimba kunye nezixhobo. Umzimba wenziwe ngekhoyili, iindawo ezikhuselayo, umbindi wentsimbi, umtshini wempompo, ioyile yesiguquli kunye netanki yeoli. Izixhobo ze-transformer ziquka i-oyile, i-cooler, i-bushing, i-gas relay, i-pressure release kunye ne-thermometer. Phakathi kwazo, ii-coolers, i-oyile ekhuselayo, i-bushings, izitshintshi zempompo, ii-relays zegesi, ii-pressure releasers kunye ne-thermometers zonke zithengwa ngaphandle. Oku kulandelayo kwazisa ngokufutshane kuphela iinkqubo zokwenziwa kwezinto ezininzi eziphambili.

1. I-coil winding: ukufakwa kwe-skeleton ejikelezayo - i-coil ejikelezayo - i-wire welding - iphakheji ye-insulation - i-coil shape - test coil.

2. I-iron core assembly: ukusika i-silicon iron sheet - i-deburring - i-stacking iron core - ukufakela i-pull plate kunye ne-shielding - i-iron core yokubopha - i-iron core test - ukufakela iikliphu zentsimbi.

3. I-Insulation parts processing: i-insulation parts cutting - i-deburring - i-chamfered corners - unyango lobungqina bomswakama.

4. Ukucutshungulwa kweetanki zepetroli kunye neetanki zokugcina i-oyile: i-plate yensimbi yokusika - i-welding ye-fuel tanks kunye ne-oyile yokugcina i-oyile - ukususwa kwe-rust - i-sandblasting - i-primer painting - ukupenda - uvavanyo lwamandla omatshini.

5. Indibano kawonke-wonke: fakela umbindi wentsimbi - faka umbhobho wetanki yamafutha - seta icoil - beka idyokhwe yentsimbi - faka umtshini wetephu - intambo yokufaka i-welding - isonge ukugqunywa kwentambo yokukhokela - uvavanyo lwemveliso olugqityiweyo - ukomisa umzimba - ukugqiba. umzimba - itanki ye-fuel assembly - i-accessory assembly - Ukuzaliswa kwe-oyile - uvavanyo lokutywinwa - ukujikeleza kweoli eshushu - ukubekwa kwe-static.

11. Uvavanyo lwefektri ye-transformer yamandla

Uvavanyo lwefektri ye-transformer yamandla ihlukaniswe kwiintlobo ezintathu: uvavanyo lwesiqhelo (ifektri), uvavanyo lohlobo kunye novavanyo olukhethekileyo. Uvavanyo lwesiqhelo yinto yovavanyo ekufuneka lwenziwe kwi-transformer nganye xa iphuma kumzi-mveliso, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ibizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lwefektri; uhlobo lovavanyo luhlobo lovavanyo oluqhutywa ngesampuli i-1 ~ 2 i-transformers kudidi lwemveliso; uvavanyo olukhethekileyo lucetywa ngumsebenzisi. , kunye nezinto zokuvavanya zivunyelwene nomenzi.

1. Iimfuno ezisisiseko kunye nemigaqo yovavanyo lokufakelwa kwamandla ombane aphezulu

I-windings ye-transformer ivavanywa ngokweyona ndlela iphezulu yombane osebenzayo Um kunye nenqanaba elihambelanayo le-insulation. Le theyibhile ilandelayo zizinto zovavanyo lokugquma ezichazwe kumgangatho wesizwe we-GB1094.3-2003 "I-Power Transformer iCandelo III: iNqanaba le-Insulation, uvavanyo lwe-Insulation kunye ne-External Insulation Air Gap" .

2. Izinto zovavanyo lwesiqhelo (zefektri).

(1) Umlinganiselo wokumelana ne-DC: umlinganiselo kuzo zonke iitheminali zempompo.

(2) Umlinganiselo womlinganiselo: umlinganiselo kuzo zonke iindawo zetephu.

(3) Ukufunyanwa kweqela le-Wiring: uvavanyo kwindawo yempompo elinganisiweyo.

(4) Umlinganiselo we-insulation resistance, i-absorption ratio kunye ne-polarization index: Kuphela ii-transformers ze-220kV nangaphezulu zinokulinganisa i-polarization index.

(5) Umoya we-tanδ kunye novavanyo lwesakhono: 35kV nangaphezulu iziguquli kufuneka zivavanyelwe i-tanδ. .

(6) Ukutyhalwa kwe-tanδ kunye novavanyo lwesakhono: 66kV nangaphezulu kwe-capacitive bushings kufuneka ivavanyelwe i-tanδ kunye namandla

(7) Uvavanyo lwe-oyile ye-transformer: uhlalutyo lweoli, amandla e-dielectric, i-tanδ, uhlalutyo lwe-chromatographic kunye nezinye izinto, i-750kV kunye neenguqu ezingaphezulu kufuneka zivavanywe ubungakanani bamasuntswana kwioli. Ngaphezu koko, uhlalutyo lweekhemikhali zeoyile kunye nohlalutyo lwe-chromatographic yeoli lwaphindwa kuyo yonke inkqubo yovavanyo.

(8) Akukho mthwalo olahlekileyo kunye nomlinganiselo wangoku wokungathwali mthwalo: Yenza uvavanyo phantsi kwe-wiring ye-voltage elinganisiweyo.

(9) Umlinganiselo welahleko yomthwalo kunye ne-impedance ye-short-circuit: uvavanyo phantsi kwe-wiring ye-voltage elinganisiweyo.

(10) Uvavanyo lokukhutshwa kwenxalenye: Isixa sokukhutshwa asisetyenziswanga njengovavanyo, kodwa kuphela njengesalathiso sokuba ngaba uvavanyo oluphezulu lwe-voltage lunokwenziwa.

(11) Umbane wovavanyo lwempembelelo yombane: 220kV nangaphezulu, 120MVA nangaphezulu kweziguquli.

(12) Uvavanyo lwempembelelo yokusebenza: iziguquli ze-330 kV nangaphezulu.

(13) Uvavanyo oluguquguqukayo lokumelana namandla ombane kunye nomlinganiselo wokukhupha inxalenye: iziguquli ze-110 kV nangaphezulu.

(14) I-frequency yolwakhiwo lwangaphandle imelana novavanyo lwe-voltage ye-low-voltage yokujika kunye nendawo engathathi hlangothi.

(15) Uvavanyo lokukhutshwa kwenxalenye: Olu vavanyo luvavanyo lovavanyo lwexabiso lovavanyo lwefektri.

(16) Umlinganiselo wombane wokuhamba kweoyile: iziguquli ezineempompo zeoyile ezingama-330 kV nangaphezulu.

(17) Uvavanyo lokukhutshwa kwenxalenye yempompo yeoli ejikelezayo: i-transformers enepompo yeoli ye-330 kV nangaphezulu.

 2. Chwetheza izinto zovavanyo

      (1) Uvavanyo lokunyuka kobushushu.

      (2) Umbane wokunqunqa umbane uvavanyiwe.

      (3) Umbane wovavanyo lwempembelelo yombane ogcweleyo kwindawo engathathi hlangothi.

      (4) Uvavanyo lokuphazamiseka konomathotholo

3. Izinto zovavanyo olukhethekileyo

(1) Umlinganiselo womgangatho wesandi.

(2) Umlinganiselo we-ziro-ulandelelwano lwe-impedance yee-transformers zesigaba sesithathu.

(3) Umlinganiselo we-Harmonic wokungabikho komthwalo wangoku.

(4) Umlinganiselo wamandla afunxwa yi-fan motor kunye ne-oil pump motor.

(5) Umlinganiselo weempawu zokudluliselwa kwamandla ombane okwethutyana.

(6) Ukumelana novavanyo lwesakhono esifutshane.

• Unyakakelwe
  --
• Uhlobo lweshishini
  --
• Ilizwe / Ingingqi
  --
• Ishishini eliphambili
  --
• Iimveliso eziphambili
  --
• Ishishini lomntu osemthethweni
  --
• Abasebenzi bazonke
  --
• Ixabiso lokuphuma lonyaka
  --
• Ukuthengisa ngaphandle
  --
• Abathengi abasebenzayo
  --