Ukuxazulula inkinga yezimo ezingavamile kuma-transformer

1) Umsindo we-transformer mkhulu kunokuvamile, futhi umsindo ufana. Kungase kube nezizathu ezilandelayo:

(1) I-overvoltage ivela kugridi yamandla. Lapho ukumiswa kwesigaba esisodwa kwenzeka kugridi yamandla noma i-resonance overvoltage kwenzeka, umsindo we-transformer uzokwanda.

(2) Lapho i-transformer igcwele ngokweqile, i-transformer izokwenza umsindo osindayo othi "hum". Uma umthwalo we-transformer utholakala udlula inani elivumelekile elijwayelekile lokulayisha ngokweqile, umthwalo we-transformer kufanele uncishiswe ngokuvumelana nemithethonqubo esizeni. Isixazululo: hlaziya izizathu, yenza amarekhodi, uqinise ukuqapha, futhi ubuyisele i-transformer ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma kubangelwa ukugcwala ngokweqile, kuzokwenziwa ngokuhambisana nesimiso sokwelashwa ngokweqile.

2) I-transformer inomsindo

Kungase kube nokudlidliza okubangelwa izingxenye ezixekethile ku-transformer. Uma umsindo we-transformer ukhuphuka kakhulu, futhi i-current ne-voltage akuyona into engavamile, kungase kubangelwe ukuxegiswa kwe-clamp yangaphakathi noma isikulufu esicindezela i-iron core, okwandisa ukudlidliza kweshidi lensimbi ye-silicon. Indlela yokwelapha: Uma ingathinti ukusebenza kwe-transformer, ingase ingabhekwana nayo okwesikhashana, yenze amarekhodi, iqinise ukuqapha, ibike futhi ithumele, futhi ifake isicelo sokuhlolwa nokucutshungulwa kokuphela kukagesi ngabaholi abafanelekile.

3) I-Transformer inomsindo wokukhipha

I-transformer inomsindo wokukhipha "okuqhekeka". Uma ubona i-corona eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma izinhlansi eduze kwe-transformer bushing ebusuku noma esimweni sezulu sezulu, kusho ukuthi izingxenye ze-porcelain zingcolile kakhulu noma amakhadi olayini wemishini awaxhumene kahle. Uma i-transformer ikhishwa ngaphakathi, kungukukhishwa kwe-electrostatic kwezingxenye ezingagxiliwe noma ukuchithwa kwe-inter-turn kwekhoyili, noma ukukhishwa ngenxa yokuthintana okungalungile kwesishintshi sompompi. Isixazululo: Ngalesi sikhathi, i-dispatcher kanye nabaholi abafanelekile kufanele kubikwe ukuthi bafake isicelo sokuhlolwa kokuhluleka kwamandla kwe-transformer.

4) I-Transformer inomsindo ophumayo

Ibonisa ukuthi ukufakwa kwangaphakathi noma okungaphezulu kwe-transformer kuphukile, futhi i-transformer kufanele imiswe ngokushesha ukuze ihlolwe.

5) I-Transformer inomsindo wamanzi abilayo

Uma i-transformer inomsindo wamanzi abilayo, futhi izinga lokushisa lishintsha kakhulu futhi izinga likawoyela likhuphuka, kufanele kwahlulelwe ukuthi i-transformer winding ifushane noma i-tap changer ixhumene kabi ngenxa yokushisa okukhulu, futhi i-transformer kufanele amiswe ngokushesha ukuze ahlolwe.

2. Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lamafutha liphezulu

Ngokuvamile, izinga lokushisa likawoyela lesendlalelo esiphezulu se-transformer kufanele libonwe ngesikhathi sokusebenza, futhi izinga lokushisa lama-windings kufanele lilawulwe ngokugada izinga lokushisa lamafutha lesendlalelo esingaphezulu ukuvimbela izinga lokufakwa kwe-insulation ekuweni nokuguga. Ngaphansi komthwalo ovamile nezimo zokupholisa ezivamile, izinga lokushisa likawoyela we-transformer lingaphezu kuka-10 ° C ngaphezu kokujwayelekile noma umthwalo we-transformer uhlala ungashintshiwe, futhi izinga lokushisa lamafutha liyaqhubeka likhuphuka. Iphutha (njengomlilo we-iron core kanye nesekhethi emfushane phakathi kwamajika ajikayo, njll.). Ngalesi sikhathi, i-transformer kufanele imiswe ngokushesha ukuvimbela ingozi ye-transformer ekukhuleni.

3. Umbala kawoyela awujwayelekile

Ngokuvamile, uwoyela we-transformer kufanele ube ophuzi okhanyayo futhi obala. Uma kutholakala ukuthi umbala wamafutha kugeji yezinga likawoyela uyashintsha ngesikhathi sokusebenza, kufanele uxhumane ukuze uthathe amasampula kawoyela ukuze ahlaziywe elabhorethri. Uma umbala wamafutha e-transformer ngokuzumayo uwohloka ngesikhathi sokusebenza, futhi kukhona i-carbon emafutheni nezinye izinto ezingavamile, amandla kufanele anqunywe ngokushesha ukuze ahlolwe futhi alashwe.

4. Izinga likawoyela alijwayelekile

Umcamelo kawoyela we-transformer ufakwe igeji yezinga likawoyela, ngokuvamile ebonisa imigqa emithathu yeleveli kawoyela lapho izinga lokushisa liku--30°C, +20°C, kanye +40°C. Ngokwale migqa emithathu yokumaka, kungahlulelwa ukuthi kudingekile ukugcwalisa noma ukukhipha. Izinga eliphezulu lamafutha: Uma izinga lamafutha le-transformer egijimayo liphakeme kakhulu noma amafutha aphuphuma emcamelweni wamafutha, kufanele uqale uhlole ukuthi umthwalo nokushisa kwe-transformer kuyinto evamile. Izinga likawoyela elingelona iqiniso elibangelwa ukuvaleka kwepayipi elivamile. Ngalesi sikhathi, ngemvume ye-dispatcher emsebenzini, ukuvikelwa kwegesi (igesi esindayo) kufanele kushintshwe kusignali, bese umshini wokuphefumula kufanele ususwe ukuze ucutshungulwe. Uma umcamelo wamafutha uchichima ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu kwe-ambient, kufanele ukhishwe. Izinga lamafutha aphansi: Uma izinga lamafutha le-transformer liphansi kakhulu, ukuvikelwa kwegesi (igesi elikhanyayo) kuzosebenza; lapho uwoyela untula kakhulu, insimbi emaphakathi namawindi ajikajikayo ayochayeka emoyeni, okulula ukuba manzi futhi kungase kubangele ukuwohloka kwe-insulation. Ngakho-ke, indlela yomjovo kawoyela we-vacuum kufanele isetshenziselwe Ukwenza ama-Refueling transformers asebenze. Uma izinga likawoyela lehla ngokushesha ngenxa yokuvuza okukhulu kwamafutha, ngaphansi kwe-relay yegesi noma iqhubeka nokuwa, i-transformer kufanele imiswe ngokushesha.

5. Uma i-transformer ekusebenzeni kokulayisha ngokweqile igcwele, isibonakaliso se-ammeter sidlula inani elizinzile, isignali, insimbi ye-alamu, njll.

Ama-opharetha kufanele ayiphathe ngokwale migomo elandelayo:

①Hlola ukuthi ingabe i-current ohlangothini ngalunye iyalidlula inani elishiwo, bese ubika kusiphathimandla esisemsebenzini.

②Hlola ukuthi izinga likawoyela kanye nezinga lokushisa likawoyela we-transformer kujwayelekile, bese ufaka zonke izinto ezipholile ngesikhathi esisodwa.

③ Lungisa imodi yokusebenza ngesikhathi. Uma kukhona i-spare transformer, kufanele isetshenziswe.

④Thinta ukuhlela futhi ulungise ukusatshalaliswa komthwalo ngesikhathi.

⑤ Endabeni yokugcwala okujwayelekile, isikhathi esivumelekile sokusebenza singanqunywa ngokuya ngokuphindaphinda kokugcwala, futhi ukuqapha izinga likawoyela nezinga lokushisa likawoyela kuzoqiniswa, futhi inani elivumelekile ngeke lidlule. Uma isikhathi sesidlulile, umthwalo kufanele uncishiswe ngokushesha.

⑥ Uma kwenzeka ukulayisha ngokweqile ngephutha, ukuphindaphinda okuvumelekile nesikhathi sokulayishwa ngokweqile kuzosetshenziswa ngokuya ngemithetho yomkhiqizi. Uma ukulayishwa okuningi kanye nesikhathi sidlula inani elivumelekile, ukuhambisana kwe-transformer kufanele futhi kuncishiswe ngokuvumelana nemithethonqubo.

⑦ Yenza ukuhlola okuphelele kwe-transformer kanye nezinhlelo zayo ezihlobene. Uma kukhona okungavamile okutholakalayo, kufanele kubikwe futhi kusingathwe ngakho.

6. Ukuhluleka kwesistimu yokupholisa

Lapho isistimu yokupholisa ye-transformer (kubhekiselwa kwiphampu kawoyela engaphansi kwamanzi, uhlelo lwamanzi okupholisa) inephutha, futhi i-transformer ithumela iswishi yokulinda yokupholisa kanye nesignali yokuma okupholile, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo ezilandelayo: 1. Ngokushesha hlola ukuthi ingabe i-standby i-cooler isiqalile ukusebenza. 2. Ngokushesha hlola imbangela yokuphela kukagesi futhi ubuyisele ukusebenza okuvamile kwedivayisi yokupholisa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. 3. Qinisa ukuqapha izinga lokushisa kwamafutha kanye nezinga likawoyela wengqimba engaphezulu ye-transformer, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuma okuphelele kwedivayisi yokupholisa. 4. Uma isistimu yokupholisa ingakwazi ukubuyiselwa okwesikhashana, isicelo kufanele senziwe ukunciphisa umthwalo noma isicelo sokuthi i-transformer ihoxiswe ekusebenzeni ukuvimbela i-transformer ukuthi isebenze isikhathi esingaphezu kwesikhathi esibekiwe esingapholi, okuholela ukushisa ngokweqile kanye nomonakalo.

7. Isenzo sokuvikela igesi

Izizathu zesenzo sokuvikela igesi kungaba:

1. Kukhona iphutha elincane ku-transformer, ekhiqiza igesi ebuthakathaka; 2. Umoya ungena ku-transformer; 3. Izinga likawoyela liyehla; Ngemuva kokuvela kwesignali yokuvikela igesi, opharetha kufanele enze ngokushesha ukuhlolwa kwangaphandle kwe-transformer. Okokuqala, hlola izinga likawoyela kanye nombala kawoyela emcamelweni kawoyela, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukhona igesi, ivolumu yegesi kanye nombala ku-relay yegesi, bese uhlola ukuthi kukhona ukuvuza kwamafutha emzimbeni we-transformer kanye nesistimu yokujikeleza kwamafutha okuphoqelekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, bheka izinguquko kumthwalo we-transformer, izinga lokushisa nomsindo, njll. Ngemva kokuhlolwa kwangaphandle, uma kungekho senzakalo esingavamile esitholakalayo, igesi ye-transformer kufanele ifakwe ukuze ithole uhlobo lwegesi, futhi uma kunesidingo. , isampula likawoyela kufanele lithathwe ukuze lihlolwe ukuze kutholwe ngokuhlanganyela uhlobo lwephutha.

8. Izingxenye kanye nezimbangela ezijwayele ukushisa ngesikhathi sokusebenza

1. Ukuthintana okungalungile kwesishintshi sempompi kanye nokuthintana kabi kuzokhuphula ukumelana nokuxhumana, kukhuphule ukusetshenziswa, futhi kubangele ukukhiqizwa kokushisa okukhulu. Lokhu kungenzeka ikakhulukazi ngemva kokushintshwa kompompi nalapho i-transformer igcwele kakhulu.

2. I-Winding inter-turn short circuit I-Inter-turn short circuit iwumonakalo ophakathi kwamajika aseduze. Lokhu kuzodala iluphu ye-short-circuit evaliwe futhi kunciphise inani lamajika asongayo kuleso sigaba. Kukhona i-current-circuit current ebangelwa ukushintshwa kazibuthe ku-loop yesifunda esifushane, ezokhiqiza ukushisa okuphezulu futhi engase ibangele ukuthi isiguquli sishise.

3. Kukhona isifunda esifushane phakathi kwamashidi ensimbi ensimbi ye-silicon. Ngenxa yomonakalo wamandla angaphandle noma ukuguga kokufakwa, ukufakwa kwepende phakathi kwamashidi ensimbi ye-silicon konakalisiwe, okuzokwandisa i-eddy current, kubangele ukushisa kwendawo, futhi kuncibilike ngisho nasezimweni ezinzima. Lokhu okubizwa ngokuthi yi-iron core fire.

4. Ukuxhumana okungalungile kwezinye izingxenye kubangela ukushisa kwendawo.

Iseluleko sokuphatha: qapha ngokucophelela izinguquko zokushisa zezingxenye ezishiswe ngokweqile ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza okuphephile, hlaziya izimbangela zokushisa ngokweqile, ukuhlela ukuxhumana, nokubhekana nokuhamba kukagesi.

2. Ukuphatha ama-transformer ngengozi

Imithetho evamile: Ngokuka-6.1.2 we-DL/T572-95 "Imithetho Yokusebenza Yama-Power Transformers": I-transformer kufanele ivalwe ngokushesha uma esinye sezimo ezilandelayo senzeka. Uma kukhona i-standby transformer esebenzayo, kufanele iqale ukusebenza ngokushesha okukhulu: a. Umsindo we-transformer ngokusobala uyanda, okuyinto engavamile kakhulu, futhi kunomsindo wokuqhekeka ngaphakathi; b. Ukuvuza okukhulu kwamafutha noma umjovo kawoyela, ukuze izinga likawoyela lehle ngaphansi komkhawulo obonisiwe wegeji yezinga likawoyela; c. I-bushing inomonakalo omkhulu kanye nokukhishwa; d. I-transformer ibamba umlilo ngentuthu.

1. I-transformer izihambela ngokuzenzakalelayo

Ngemuva kokukhubeka okuzenzakalelayo kwe-transformer, ukuhlolwa nokwelashwa okulandelayo kufanele kwenziwe: ① Ngemuva kokukhubeka okuzenzakalelayo kwe-transformer, opharetha kufanele enze ukwelashwa okuhlelekile, okungukuthi, asebenzise isiguquli esiyisipele, alungise imodi yokusebenza nomthwalo. ukusatshalaliswa, nokugcina uhlelo lokusebenza kanye nemishini yalo isesimweni esijwayelekile. ②Hlola ukuthi hlobo luni lwesenzo sokuvikela nokuthi isenzo silungile yini. ③ Qonda ukuthi ingabe uhlelo lunephutha kanye nemvelo yephutha. ④Lezi zimo ezilandelayo zingahlolwa kanye ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwangaphandle: izisebenzi zithinte ngephutha, zisebenze futhi zingasebenzi kahle; i-overcurrent low-voltage kuphela noma ukuvikelwa kwe-overcurrent okukhawulelwe isikhathi esilinganiselwe kusebenza, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, imishini yezinga elilandelayo ye-transformer yokukhubeka ihluleka futhi ukuvikelwa kwayo akusebenzi. futhi iphuzu lokwehluleka libekwe eceleni. ⑤ Uma kungukuhlukanisa, ukuvikelwa kwegesi noma ukuvikelwa kwe-overcurrent okusheshayo kanye nezinye izenzo zokuvikela, futhi kunomthelela uma kwenzeka iphutha, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kwe-transformer kanye nesistimu yayo, ukuphuma kwamandla. futhi ulinganise i-insulation. Akuvunyelwe ukufaka i-transformer kuze kube yilapho imbangela ingakabonakali noma ingabhekwana nayo.

2. Isenzo sokuvikela igesi (ukukhubeka)

Lapho isenzo sokuvikela igesi se-transformer sihamba, ukuhlolwa nokwelashwa okulandelayo kufanele kwenziwe: a) Qoqa igesi yokudluliselwa kwegesi ukuze kuhlaziywe i-chromatographic. Uma kungekho gesi, hlola ukuthi izikhala zezintambo kanye nemikhondo yesekethe yesibili kanye ne-gas relay ifakwe kahle. b) Hlola ukuthi izinga likawoyela, izinga lokushisa likawoyela, nombala kawoyela kushintshile yini; c) Bheka ukuthi ipayipi elingaqhumi liphukile yini bese ujova uwoyela; d) Hlola ukuthi igobolondo le-transformer likhubazekile, nokuthi i-seam yokushisela ivulekile yini ukujova uwoyela. e) Uma kungekho okungavamile okutholakala ngemva kokuhlolwa, futhi kuqinisekiswa ukuthi ukungasebenzi kubangelwa iphutha lesekhethi yesibili, ukuvikelwa kwegesi kungaxhunywa kusignali noma kuhoxiswe ngaphansi kombandela wokuthi ukuvikelwa okuhlukile nokuvikelwa okudlulele kuyaguqulwa. on, hlola amandla kanye, futhi uqinise qapha. f) Uma kunegesi endaweni edluliselwe igesi noma kunezinkinga ngezinto ezingenhla a, b, c, kanye no-d, ukuhlolwa kokuhluleka kwamandla kufanele kwenziwe futhi ukwelashwa okuhambisanayo kufanele kwenziwe, futhi ukuhlolwa nokuhlolwa kufanele kwenziwe. idluliselwe ngaphambi kokuthi iqale ukusebenza.

3. Isenzo sokuvikela i-transformer overcurrent

Lapho ukuvikela okudlulele ngokweqile kohambo lwe-transformer, ukuhlolwa nokwelashwa okulandelayo kufanele kwenziwe: a) Hlola ibha yebhasi kanye nezinto zokusebenza kubha yebhasi ukuze uthole amasekethe amafushane nama-sundries; b) Bheka ukuthi ama-transformer ane-short-circuited; c) Hlola ukuthi ukuvikelwa kohlangothi lwe-voltage ephansi kuyisenzo, ukuthi ukuvikela komugqa ngamunye kuyasebenza noma cha. d) Uma kuqinisekiswa ukuthi ibha yebhasi ayinawo amandla, umugqa othwelwe yibhasi kufanele uvule. e) Uma ibhasi lihluleka, cabanga ukushintsha ibhasi noma ukudlulisa umthwalo. f) Uma kuqinisekiswa ukuthi wuhambo lwe-leapfrog ngemva kokuhlolwa, kufanele uxhumane nomthumeli osemsebenzini bese uzama ukuthumela amandla kanye. g) Uma ugesi wokuhlola ulungile, hlola ulayini onephutha ngamunye ngamunye. h) Uma kubangelwa umjikelezo, amandla angathunyelwa kuphela ngemva kokuqeda isici sephutha.

4. Isenzo sokuvikela umehluko we-Transformer

Ngemuva kokuvikela okuhlukile kohambo lwe-transformer, ukuhlolwa nokwelashwa okulandelayo kufanele kwenziwe: a) Hlola ukuthi i-transformer ayijwayelekile yini, hlola ukuthi izivikeli ezingaphakathi kwebanga lokuvikela okuhlukile ziyi-flashover, zilimele, nokuthi ingabe imikhondo ifushane. b) Uma lingekho iphutha elisobala ezintweni zokusebenza ngaphakathi kwebanga lokuvikela elihlukile, hlola ukuthi ukuvikela i-relay kanye nesekethe yesibili kunephutha, nokuthi isekethe ye-DC isekelwe emaphoyintini amabili. c) Alikho iphutha ekuhloleni okungenhla, futhi ngemva kokubika kunjiniyela omkhulu ukuze agunyazwe, ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi yokwenyuka kufanele kwenziwe lapho umthwalo unqanyulwa, futhi iqalise ukusebenza ngemva kokuhamba kahle. d) Uma kungukungahambi kahle okubangelwa umjikelezo kagesi, isekethe yesibili, njll., ngemvume kanjiniyela omkhulu, ukuvikeleka okuhlukile kungahoxiswa futhi i-transformer ingasetshenziswa. e) Lapho ukuvikelwa okuhlukile kanye nokuvikelwa kwegesi kusebenza kanyekanye ukuze kuhambe i-transformer, i-transformer ngeke isetshenziswe ngaphandle kokuhlolwa nokuhlolwa kwangaphakathi.

5. I-Transformer ibamba umlilo

Izimiso zokwelashwa komlilo we-Transformer: ukwehluleka kwamandla - ukukhishwa kwamafutha - ukucisha umlilo. ① Ukuhluleka kwamandla: I-transformer ibamba umlilo. Uma isivikelo singagibeki ngokuzenzakalelayo, ama-circuit breaker namaswishi ahlukanisayo axhunywe kukho kufanele anqanyulwe kuqala, futhi okokupholisa kufanele kuhoxiswe ukuze kunqamulwe amandla ayo. Uma ukusebenza kwemishini eseduze kusengozini, kufanele futhi kuthintwe kusenesikhathi ukuze kumiswe ukusebenza kwemishini eseduze. ② Ukukhishwa kwamafutha: Uma uwoyela echichima phezulu kwe-transformer futhi ubamba umlilo, vula i-valve yokukhipha uwoyela engxenyeni engezansi ye-transformer bese ukhipha amafutha echibini lamafutha engozi, ukuze izinga likawoyela we-transformer liphansi. kunendawo yomlilo; uma iphutha langaphakathi le-transformer libangela umlilo, alikwazi ukuchithwa. amafutha ukuvimbela ukuqhuma; uma isikhwama se-transformer siqhuma futhi uwoyela uchichima, vala i-valve kagesi ye-transformer pool, vula i-valve kagesi yokudonsa uwoyela, futhi ukhiphe uwoyela echibini lamafutha engozi ye-transformer enkulu. ③ Qala iphampu yamanzi omlilo, vula ivalve yamanzi omlilo bese ufafaza i-transformer ukuze ucime umlilo. ④ Bika kubaphathi bese wenza kusebenze uhlelo oluphuthumayo. ⑤ Yazisa umnyango wezomlilo ukuze uthole usizo.

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