Ukwahlulela kanye nokwelashwa kwezimo ezivamile ezingavamile ze-transformer

Ukuhlaziywa kokusebenza okungavamile kwe-transformer

I.  Umsindo we-transformer ongajwayelekile

Ngokushesha nje lapho i-transformer ivuliwe, kuzoba nomsindo ozwakalayo, okubangelwa ikakhulukazi i-voltage ephezulu yamagnetic flux. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile, umsindo we-transformer ufana. Uma kuneminye imisindo, thola ngokucophelela izimbangela futhi ubhekane nazo.

1. Umsindo we-transformer uphakeme kunokuvamile, futhi umsindo ulingana, okungenzeka ubangelwe yizizathu ezilandelayo:

(1) I-overvoltage ivela kugridi yamandla. Lapho ukubekwa phansi kwesigaba esisodwa noma i-resonance overvoltage kwenzeka kugridi yamandla, umsindo we-transformer uzokwanda. Kulesi simo, ukwahlulela okuphelele kungenziwa ngokuhambisana nenkomba ye-voltmeter.

(2) Lapho i-transformer igcwele ngokweqile, izokwenza i-transformer ikhiphe umsindo osindayo "wokubhuqa". Uma umthwalo we-transformer utholakala udlula inani elivumelekile elijwayelekile lokulayisha ngokweqile, umthwalo we-transformer uzoncishiswa ngokuvumelana nezinhlinzeko zemithetho yesayithi.

Indlela yokwelapha: hlaziya izimbangela, wenze amarekhodi, uqinise ukuqapha, futhi ubuyisele ukusebenza okuvamile kwe-transformer ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma kubangelwa ukugcwala ngokweqile, umgomo wokwelashwa ogcwele ngokweqile uzolandelwa.

2. I-transformer inomsindo

Kungase kubangelwe ukuxega kwezinye izingxenye ku-transformer. Uma umsindo we-transformer ukhuphuka ngokusobala futhi i-current ne-voltage ngokusobala akujwayelekile, kungase kubangelwe ukuxega kwe-clamp yangaphakathi noma isikulufu esicindezela umgogodla wensimbi, okwandisa ukudlidliza kweshidi lensimbi ye-silicon.

Indlela yokwelapha: uma ingathinti ukusebenza kwe-transformer, ingashiywa ingaphathwa okwesikhashana. Yenza amarekhodi, uqinise ukuqapha, ubike kumthumeli kanye nabaholi abafanelekile ukuze kuhlolwe ukwehluleka kwamandla kanye nokwelashwa.

3. I-transformer inomsindo wokukhipha

I-transformer inomsindo wokukhipha "i-crack". Uma kune-corona eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma inhlansi eduze kwe-transformer bushing ebusuku noma esimweni sezulu sezulu, kubonisa ukuthi izingxenye ze-porcelain zingcoliseke kakhulu noma ikhadi lomugqa wezinto zokusebenza alixhumene kahle. Esimeni lapho ukukhishwa kwangaphakathi kwe-transformer, ukukhishwa kwe-electrostatic kwezingxenye ezingagxiliwe noma ukuchithwa kwekhoyili phakathi kwe-turn, noma ukukhipha ngenxa yokuthintana kabi kwe-tap changer.

Indlela yokwelapha: bika ku-dispatcher nabaholi abafanelekile ngalesi sikhathi futhi ufake isicelo sokuhlolwa kokuhluleka kwamandla kanye nokwelashwa kwe-transformer.

4. I-transformer ine-crack

Kubonisa ukuthi ukufakwa kwangaphakathi noma okungaphezulu kwe-transformer kuphukile, futhi i-transformer kufanele imiswe ngokushesha ukuze ihlolwe.

5. I-transformer inomsindo wamanzi abilayo

Uma i-transformer inomsindo wamanzi abilayo, futhi izinga lokushisa lishintsha kakhulu futhi izinga likawoyela likhuphuka, kufanele kwahlulelwe ukuthi i-transformer winding inomjikelezo omfushane noma ukushisa okukhulu okubangelwa ukuthintana okungalungile kwe-tap changer, futhi i-transformer kufanele imiswe ngokushesha ukuze ihlolwe. .

II.  Ukushisa okuphezulu kwamafutha aphezulu

Ngokuvamile, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu likawoyela we-transformer lizotholwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza, futhi izinga lokushisa elijikajikayo lizolawulwa ngokugadwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu likawoyela ukuze kuvinjwe izinga layo lokufaka ekuweni nasekugugeni. Ngaphansi komthwalo ovamile nezimo zokupholisa ezivamile, izinga lokushisa likawoyela we-transformer lingaphezulu kuka-10 ℃ ngaphezu kokujwayelekile noma umthwalo we-transformer awushintshiwe, futhi izinga lokushisa likawoyela likhuphuka ngokuqhubekayo. Uma imiphumela yokuhlola ifakazela ukuthi idivayisi yokupholisa ilungile futhi ithemometha ayinalo iphutha, kucatshangwa ukuthi i-transformer inamaphutha angaphakathi (njengomlilo we-iron core kanye ne-winding inter-turn short circuit, njll.). Ngalesi sikhathi, i-transformer kufanele imiswe ngokushesha ukuvimbela ukwanda kwengozi ye-transformer.

III. Umbala wamafutha ongajwayelekile

Amafutha e-transformer azoba phuzi ngokugqamile futhi abonakale ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile. Uma umbala kawoyela kugeji yezinga likawoyela ushintsha ngesikhathi sokusebenza, thintana ukuze uthathe amasampula kawoyela ukuze uhlaziye amakhemikhali. Uma umbala wamafutha we-transformer uwohloka ngokuzumayo ngesikhathi sokusebenza, futhi kukhona ikhabhoni emafutheni nezinye izinto ezingavamile, amandla azonqanyulwa ngokushesha ukuze ahlolwe futhi aphathwe.

IV.  Izinga likawoyela elingajwayelekile

Isilondolozi sikawoyela se-transformer sifakwe igeji yezinga likawoyela, ngokuvamile ebonisa imigqa yeleveli kawoyela emithathu lapho izinga lokushisa liku-30 ​​℃,+20 ℃ kanye+40 ℃. Ngokwalawa mamaki amathathu, singanquma ukuthi kuyadingeka yini ukufaka uwoyela noma ukukhipha uwoyela.

Izinga eliphezulu likawoyela:

Lapho izinga lamafutha le-transformer lisebenza liphezulu kakhulu noma amafutha aphuphuma ku-conservator, qala uhlole ukuthi umthwalo nokushisa kwe-transformer kuyinto evamile. Uma umthwalo nokushisa kujwayelekile, kungahlulelwa ukuthi izinga lamafutha angamanga libangelwa ukuvinjelwa kokuphefumula noma i-oil level gauge. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuvikelwa kwegesi (igesi esindayo) kuzoshintshwa ukuze kube isignali ngemva kokuvunyelwa yi-dispatcher emsebenzini, bese umshini wokuphefumula uzokhishwa ukuze uthole ukwelashwa. Uma uwoyela echichima kusuka ku-conservator ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu kwe-ambient, uwoyela uzokhishwa.

Izinga likawoyela eliphansi:

Uma izinga lamafutha le-transformer liphansi kakhulu, ukuvikelwa kwegesi (igesi elikhanyayo) kuzosebenza; Esimeni lapho uwoyela eshoda kakhulu, umgogodla we-iron kanye namajika-moya kukhanya emoyeni, othambekele ekubeni nomswakama futhi kungase kubangele ukonakala kwe-insulation. Ngakho-ke, indlela yokujova uwoyela we-vacuum kufanele isetshenziselwe ukugcoba i-transformer ekusebenzeni. Uma izinga likawoyela lehla ngokushesha ngenxa yokuvuza kwenani elikhulu likawoyela futhi liwela ngaphansi kwe-gas relay noma liqhubeka nokwehla, i-transformer izomiswa ngokushesha.

V.  Ukulayisha ngokweqile

Lapho i-transformer isebenza kakhulu, inkomba ye-ammeter ingase idlule inani elizinzile, futhi isignali nensimbi ye-alamu ingase isebenze. Abasebenzi abasebenzayo bazophatha ngokulandela imigomo elandelayo:

① Hlola ukuthi ingabe okwamanje ngasohlangothini ngalunye kuyalidlula inani elishiwo futhi ubike kusisebenzi esisemsebenzini.

② Hlola ukuthi izinga likawoyela nezinga lokushisa le-transformer kujwayelekile, bese ufaka wonke ama-coolers ngesikhathi esisodwa.

③ Lungisa imodi yokusebenza ngesikhathi. Uma kukhona i-standby transformer, kufanele isetshenziswe.

④ Xhumana ne-dispatcher ukuze ulungise ukusatshalaliswa komthwalo ngesikhathi.

⑤ Uma kwenzeka ukulayisha ngokweqile, isikhathi esivumelekile sokusebenza singanqunywa ngokuya ngokuphindaphinda kokugcwala, futhi ukuqapha izinga likawoyela kanye nezinga lokushisa likawoyela kuzoqiniswa. Inani elivumelekile ngeke lidlule. Uma isikhathi sesidlulile, umthwalo uzoncishiswa ngokushesha.

⑥ Esimeni sokulayishwa ngokweqile ngephutha, ukuphindaphinda okuvunyelwe nesikhathi sokugcwala kuzohambisana nezinhlinzeko zomkhiqizi. Uma ukulayishwa okuningi kanye nesikhathi kudlula inani elivumelekile, ukuhambisana kwe-transformer nakho kuzoncishiswa ngokuya ngemithethonqubo.

⑦ Yenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwe-transformer kanye nezinhlelo zayo ezihlobene, futhi ubike futhi ubhekane nanoma yikuphi ukungahambi kahle okutholakele.

VI.  Ukuhluleka kwesistimu yokupholisa

Lapho isistimu yokupholisa ye-transformer (ibhekisela empompini kawoyela engaphansi kwamanzi kanye nesistimu yamanzi okupholisa) ihluleka, futhi i-transformer ithumela isignali yokufaka okupholile okulindile kanye nokumisa okupholile okupholile, izinyathelo ezilandelayo zizothathwa:

1. Hlola ukuthi i-cooler yokulinda isiqalile ukusebenza ngokushesha.

2. Hlola imbangela yokuphela kwamandla ngokushesha futhi ubuyisele imodi evamile yokusebenza yedivayisi yokupholisa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

3. Qinisa ukuqapha izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lamafutha kanye nezinga likawoyela we-transformer, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuvala okugcwele kwedivayisi yokupholisa.

4. Uma isistimu yokupholisa ingakwazi ukubuyiselwa isikhathi esithile, faka isicelo sokunciphisa umthwalo noma ukufaka isicelo sokuthi i-transformer ingasebenzi ukuvimbela i-transformer ukuthi isebenze ngaphezu kwesikhathi esinqunyiwe esingapholi, okubangela ukushisa nokulimala.

VII.  Isenzo sokuvikela igesi

Izizathu zesenzo sokuvikela igesi kungaba:

1. Kukhona iphutha elincane ku-transformer, ukukhiqiza igesi ebuthakathaka;

2. Umoya ungena ku-transformer;

3. Izinga likawoyela liyancipha;

4. Iphutha lesibili lesekhethi (elifana nokugxilisa amaphuzu amabili kohlelo lwe-DC) lidala ukungahambi kahle.

Ngemuva kokuvela kwesignali yokuvikela igesi, opharetha uzohlola ngokushesha i-transformer. Okokuqala, hlola izinga likawoyela kanye nombala ku-conservator, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukhona igesi ku-relay yegesi, inani nombala wegesi, bese uhlola ukuthi kukhona ukuvuza kwamafutha emzimbeni we-transformer kanye nesistimu yokujikeleza kwamafutha okuphoqelekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, hlola umthwalo, izinga lokushisa kanye nomsindo we-transformer. Ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwangaphandle, uma kungekho senzakalo esingavamile esitholakalayo, igesi elivela ku-transformer lizodonswa ukuze lithole uhlobo lwegesi, futhi isampula yamafutha izothathwa ukuze ihlolwe uma kunesidingo ukuze kunqunywe ngokuhlanganyela uhlobo lwephutha.

VIII.  Izingxenye nezizathu kulula ukushisa ngesikhathi sokusebenza

1. Ukuxhumana okungalungile kweswishi kampompi

Ukuxhumana okungalungile kwenza ukumelana nokuxhumana kukhuphuke, ukusetshenziswa kukhuphuke, nokushisa kube nzima. Lokhu kungenzeka ikakhulukazi ngemva kokushintsha umpompi nalapho i-transformer igcwele kakhulu.

2. I-interturn short circuit

I-Inter-turn short circuit ibhekisela ekulimaleni kokufakwa phakathi kwezintambo eziseduze. Lokhu kuzodala iluphu yesifunda esifushane evaliwe futhi kunciphise inani lokujika kwamajika kwalesi sigaba. Kukhona i-current-circuit current ebangelwa ukushintshanisa kazibuthe ku-loop yesifunda esifushane, ezokhiqiza ukushisa okuphezulu futhi engase ibangele ukuthi isiguquli sishise.

3. Kukhona isekethe yesifunda esifushane phakathi kwamashidi ensimbi ensimbi eyi-silicon

I-insulation kapende phakathi kwamashidi ensimbi ye-silicon yonakele ngenxa yokulimala kwamandla angaphandle noma ukuguga kwe-insulation, okuzokhuphula i-eddy current, kubangele ukushisa kwasendaweni, futhi kuncibilike nomonakalo ezimeni ezibucayi, okubizwa ngokuthi i-iron core fire.

4. Ukuxhumana okungalungile kwezinye izingxenye kubangela ukushisa kwendawo.

Iziphakamiso zokwelashwa: qapha ngokucophelela ukuguqulwa kwezinga lokushisa kwezingxenye ezishisiwe, qinisekisa ukuphepha kokusebenza, hlaziya imbangela yokushisa ngokweqile, thintana ne-dispatcher, futhi ubhekane nokuhluleka kwamandla.

Ukwelashwa kwengozi kwe-transformer

Okujwayelekile: Ngokuya nge-6.1.2 ye-DL/T572-95 Power Transformer Specification:

I-transformer izovalwa ngokushesha uma kwenzeka kuba nezimo ezilandelayo. Uma kukhona i-standby transformer esetshenziswayo, izofakwa ekusebenzeni ngokushesha okukhulu:

A. Umsindo we-transformer ngokusobala uyanda, awujwayelekile kakhulu, futhi kunokuqhekeka ngaphakathi;

B. Ukuvuza okukhulu kukawoyela noma umjovo kawoyela kubangela ukuthi izinga likawoyela lehle ngaphansi komkhawulo obonisiwe wegeji yezinga likawoyela;

C. Isihlahla silimele kakhulu futhi silahliwe;

D. I-transformer iyabhema futhi ibambe umlilo.

I.  Ukukhubeka okuzenzakalelayo kwe-transformer

Ngemuva kokuhamba ngokuzenzakalelayo kwe-transformer, ukuhlolwa nokwelashwa okulandelayo kuzokwenziwa:

① Ngemuva kokukhubeka okuzenzakalelayo kwe-transformer, opharetha kufanele enze ukwelashwa okuhlelekile, okungukuthi, afake isiguquli esilindile sisebenze, alungise imodi yokusebenza nokusabalalisa komthwalo, futhi agcine isistimu yokusebenza nemishini yayo isesimweni esivamile.

② Hlola ukuthi yisiphi isenzo sokuvikela nokuthi silungile yini.

③ Qonda ukuthi ingabe isistimu inamaphutha kanye nemvelo yamaphutha.

④ Ukunikezwa kwamandla kungavivinywa kanye ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwangaphandle ngaphansi kwalezi zimo ezilandelayo: ukuthinta kwabasebenzi, ukungasebenzi kahle kanye nokusetshenziswa kabi kokuvikela; kuphela

Izenzo zokuvikela i-overcurrent ye-voltage ephansi noma isikhathi esinqunyelwe, kanye nemishini yezinga elilandelayo ye-transformer ihamba ngesikhathi esifanayo, kodwa ukuvikelwa kwayo akusebenzi, futhi iphuzu lephutha liye lahlukaniswa.

⑤ Uma kwenzeka ukuvikela okuhlukile, ukuvikelwa kwegesi noma ukuvikelwa kwe-overcurrent okusheshayo nezinye izenzo zokuvikela, futhi kunomthelela uma kwenzeka iphutha, i-transformer kanye nesistimu yayo kudingeka ihlolwe ngokuningiliziwe, ukusika amandla kanye nesilinganiso sokushisa. Akuvunyelwe ukufaka i-transformer ekusebenzeni kuze kube yilapho imbangela itholakala noma isingathwe kahle.

II.  Isenzo sokuvikela igesi (uhambo)

Lapho isenzo sokuvikela igesi sohambo lwe-transformer, ukuhlolwa nokwelashwa okulandelayo kuzokwenziwa:

a) Qoqa igesi yokudluliswa kwegesi ukuze kuhlaziywe ngechromatographic. Uma ingekho igesi, hlola ukuthi ingabe i-terminal ne-lead insulation yesekethe yesibili kanye ne-gas relay zilungile yini.

b) Hlola ukuthi izinga likawoyela, izinga lokushisa likawoyela nombala kawoyela liyashintsha yini;

c) Bheka ukuthi ipayipi elingaqhumi liphukile yini bese ufafaza uwoyela;

d) Hlola ukuthi igobolondo le-transformer likhubazekile nokuthi i-seam yokushisela ijovwe ngamafutha.

e) Uma kungekho okungavamile okutholakala ngemva kokuhlolwa, futhi kuqinisekiswa ukuthi ukungasebenzi kubangelwa iphutha lesekhethi yesibili, ukuvikelwa kwegesi kungaxhunywa kusignali noma kuphume lapho ukuvikela okuhlukile kanye nokuvikela okudlulele kuqaliswa, futhi Ukunikezwa kwamandla kungahlolwa kanye, futhi ukuqapha kuzoqiniswa.

f) Uma kunegesi endaweni edluliselwe igesi noma kunenkinga kulezi zinto ezingenhla a, b, C kanye no-d, ukuhlolwa kokucisha ugesi kanye nokuphathwa okuhambisanayo kuyokwenziwa, futhi kungaqala ukusebenza ngemva kokuphumelela ukuhlolwa kanye test.

III.  Isenzo sokuvikela samanje se-voltage transformer

Lapho i-transformer overcurrent ivikela izenzo kanye nohambo, ukuhlolwa nokwelashwa okulandelayo kuzokwenziwa:

a) Bheka ibhasi kanye nezinto ezisetshenziswa ebhasini ukuthi azinamjikelezo omfushane kanye nama-sundries;

b) Hlola ukuthi izisetshenziswa zokulinganisa eziningana ze-transformer zifushane;

c) Hlola ukuthi ukuvikela okuseceleni kwe-voltage ephansi kuyasebenza nokuthi ukuvikela kolayini ngamunye kuyasebenza yini.

d) Uma uqinisekisa ukuthi ibhasi ifile, ulayini ophethwe ibhasi kufanele uvuleke.

e) Uma ibhasi lihluleka, cabanga ukushintsha ibhasi noma ukudlulisa umthwalo.

f) Uma kuqinisekiswa ukuthi uhambo luwukweqa, xhumana nomthumeli osemsebenzini bese uzama ukuqalisa kanye.

g) Uma ukunikezwa kwamandla okuhlola kulungile, thola umugqa wephutha ngamunye ngamunye.

h) Uma kubangelwa umjikelezo, amandla angadluliswa ngemva kokususwa kwephutha.

IV.  Isenzo sokuvikela umehluko we-Transformer

O Shang Signal whheri I

Ngemuva kohambo lwesenzo sokuvikela umehluko we-transformer, ukuhlolwa nokwelashwa okulandelayo kuzokwenziwa:

a) Hlola ukuthi i-transformer ayijwayelekile yini, nokuthi izivikeli ezingaphakathi kwebanga lokuvikela okuhlukile zinokukhanya kanye nokulimala,

Hlola ukuthi ukuhola kufushane yini.

b) Uma okokusebenza okungaphakathi kobubanzi bokuvikela okuhlukile kungenalo iphutha elisobala, hlola ukuthi ngabe isivikelo se-relay kanye nesekethe yesibili inephutha

Bheka ukuthi isekethe ye-DC isekelwe ngamaphuzu amabili.

c) Ngemuva kokuhlola okungenhla, alikho iphutha, futhi umbiko ugunyazwe unjiniyela omkhulu, ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi okuqhubekayo kuyokwenziwa lapho umthwalo unqanyulwa.

Yifake ukuthi isebenze ngemva kokuba sekubonakale ukuthi yinhle.

d) Esimeni sokungasebenzi kahle okubangelwa amasekhethi kagesi nawesibili, ukuvikeleka okuhlukile kungaphuma ngemvume kanjiniyela omkhulu.

Faka i-transformer ekusebenzeni.

e) Uma ukuvikelwa okuhlukile kanye nokuvikelwa kwegesi kusebenza kanyekanye ukukhubeka i-transformer, akuvunyelwe

I-transformer izoqala ukusebenza.

V. Umkhumbi wokucindezela uvutha

Umgomo wokwelapha womlilo we-transformer: ukwehluleka kwamandla -- ukudonsa uwoyela -- ukucisha umlilo.

① Ukuhluleka kwamandla: uma i-transformer ivutha futhi isivikelo singahambi ngokuzenzakalelayo, i-breaker circuit kanye nokuhlukaniswa

Shiya iswishi ivaliwe, bese uphuma endaweni epholile ukuze unqamule amandla ayo. Uma ubeka engcupheni ukusebenza kwemishini eseduze, thintana ngesikhathi

Misa ukusebenza kwemishini eseduze.

② Ukukhipha uwoyela: Uma uwoyela echichima phezu kwekhava ye-transformer bese ubamba umlilo, vula i-valve yokukhipha uwoyela ezansi kwe-transformer ukuze ukhiphe uwoyela

I-pool yamafutha eziphuthumayo, ukuze izinga lamafutha le-transformer liphansi kunezinga lomlilo; Uma iphutha langaphakathi le-transformer libangela umlilo

Khipha uwoyela ukuze uvimbele ukuqhuma; Uma igobolondo le-transformer liphukile futhi kukhona ukuchichima kwamafutha, ichibi likawoyela we-transformer lizovalwa ukuze kukhishwe amanzi kanye nogesi.

Vula i-valve kagesi yokukhipha uwoyela ukuze ukhiphe uwoyela echibini likawoyela eliphuthumayo le-transformer enkulu.

③ Qala iphampu yomlilo bese uvula i-valve yamanzi omlilo ukuze ufafaze i-transformer ukuze ucime umlilo. ④ Bika kubaphathi bese uqala uhlelo oluphuthumayo.

⑤ Yazisa umnyango wezomlilo futhi usize ekuphatheni.

Qaphela: Ungabamba iqhaza ekucimeni umlilo ngaphandle kokufaka ukuphepha komuntu siqu engozini. Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-carbon dioxide, ezine

Ikhabhoni ene-chlorine, isicishamlilo esiyimpuphu esomile nesihlabathi esomile; Izicishamlilo kufanele zigqoke izifihla-buso zegesi; Abasebenzi abakhethekile bazonikezwa ukuyala ukulwa nomlilo,

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