Iphepha lokuchaza ukwenziwa kwemodeli kanye nokuhlaziywa kwezimpawu zama-transformer

5.1 Isimiso esiyisisekelo sokusebenza kanye nesakhiwo se-transformer

5.1.1 Isimiso esiyisisekelo sokusebenza se-transformer

I-Transformer inomphumela wokuvimba we-DC

Uma i-magnetic flux eyinhloko ishintsha ngokomthetho we-sine, okungukuthi, φ(t)=φ.sinot, khona-ke i-physical ngayinye

Inani elisebenzayo lenani liyahlangabezana nobudlelwano obulandelayo:

Ngaphandle kokunganaki ukumelana nokugoba kanye nokulahlekelwa yinhliziyo, amandla ayinhloko nawesibili ayalondolozwa, kanje:

ngakho-ke babe

Isilinganiso sokujika noma isilinganiso sokujika se-transformer,

ukusho ukuthi yikhono elibonakalayo.

Kungabonakala ukuthi i-transformer iyakwazi ukuguqula amandla kagesi ngesikhathi esifanayo ikwazi ukushintsha amandla kagesi.

I-transformer ingaqaphela nomsebenzi wokuguqulwa kwe-impedance.

I-load impedance ohlangothini lwesibili yile:

Uma ubheka i-ZI ohlangothini oluyinhloko, ubukhulu bayo buyi:

Isakhiwo se-transformer yesigaba esisodwa

1- Ikholomu eyinhloko 2- Ijoka lensimbi 3- - Ukugoqa kwamandla kagesi aphezulu 4- ~ Ukugoqa kwamandla kagesi aphansi

Isakhiwo se-transformer yesigaba ezintathu

Amathephu okufaka ama-voltage aphezulu ama-transformer esigaba esithathu

1-Ikholomu yensimbi eyinhloko 2-Ijoka lensimbi

3- ukugoqana kwe-voltage ephansi 4- - ukugoqana kwe-voltage ephezulu

1- Ipuleti Lokubiza 2- I-Thermometer 3- Isifutho somswakama 4- Igeyiji yezinga likawoyela 5- Isigcini sikawoyela 6- Indlela yokuphepha yomoya 7- Ukudluliselwa kwegesi 8- Ipayipi likawoyela elinomfutho ophezulu

Ipayipi likawoyela elinomfutho ophansi eliyi-9 10 - inkinobho yokuthepha 11 - ingaphakathi lethangi likaphethiloli 12 - ivalvu yokukhipha uwoyela 13 - ikhoyili 14 - ipuleti elingaphansi 15 - - itroli

5.2 Izilinganiso ze-Transformer

➢ Umthamo olinganiselwe noma umthamo obonakalayo Sn;

➢I-voltage ekalwe nge-Un

Isilinganiso samanje se-Iv;

➢Imvamisa elinganisiwe fn;

➢Ukusebenza kahle okulinganisiwe ηn;

Kokubili i-voltage elinganisiwe kanye ne-current elinganisiwe kubhekisela enanini lomugqa (okungukuthi i-voltage yomugqa noma i-line current)

Kukhona ubudlelwano obulandelayo phakathi kwedatha elinganisiwe:

Kufomula, u-m umele inani lezigaba ze-transformer;

I-U1Nφ kanye ne-I1Nφ zimelela amanani esigaba se-voltage elinganisiwe kanye ne-current elinganisiwe, ngokulandelana.

Kwabaguquli besigaba esisodwa:

Kwabaguquli bezigaba ezintathu:

5.3 Ukuhlaziywa kokusebenza kwama-transformer angenamthwalo

incazelo:

Ukungabi nomthwalo we-transformer kubhekisela esimweni sokusebenza lapho ukufakwa komoya okuyinhloko kusetshenziswa khona nge-voltage ye-AC kanye nokufakwa komoya kwesibili kuvuliwe, okungukuthi, uhlangothi lwesibili luvulekile (okungukuthi, ugesi ungu-zero).

5.3.1 Ubudlelwano be-electromagnetic yama-transformer ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngaphandle komthwalo

Kubhalwe ngendlela ye-phasor kanje:

Ekuphetheni:

Ubukhulu bamandla abangelwayo ekujikeni buhambisana nemvamisa, inani lokujika kokujikeni kanye nobukhulu bokujikeni kwamagnetic; esigabeni, amandla abangelwayo ekujikeni kwe-transformer asala ngemuva kokuqhuma kwamagnetic okuyinhloko.

Uma i-voltage elinganisiwe isetshenziswa ekugoqeni okuyinhloko, i-voltage evulekile yokujikeleza kwesibili ichazwa njenge-voltage elinganisiwe yohlangothi lwesibili, okungukuthi ngale ndlela, isilinganiso sokuguqulwa kwe-transformer singatholakala kanje:

5.3.2 Okulingana namapharamitha kagesi wesekethe yamagnetic

Umqondo oyisisekelo:

Inkinga yesekethe yamagnetic ehilelekile ku-transformer iguqulwa ibe yinkinga yesekethe, bese i-transformer ibalwa ngokwethiyori yesekethe ehlanganisiwe.

Ngoketshezi lokuvuza:

Bese i-X1δ noma i-L1δ, ingasetshenziswa ukukhombisa isekethe yamagnetic evuzayo. (njengento engaguquki, kungani?)

Ukuze uthole i-flux eyinhloko:

Okokuqala, umqondo wamanje we-sine wave olinganayo uyethulwa, kanti ugesi wamanje ongenamthwalo ongekho ngaphansi kwe-sinusoidal ushintshwa ugesi wamanje we-sine wave olinganayo.

(a) Umdwebo we-Phasor (b) Isekethe elilinganayo (c) Isekethe elilinganayo

nge-transformer efanelekile:

5.3.3 Isibalo sebhalansi ye-voltage engenamthwalo, umdwebo we-phasor kanye nomdwebo wesekethe olinganayo we-transformer

Ekuphetheni:

Isici samandla sohlangothi oluyinhloko siphansi uma i-transformer isebenza ngaphandle komthwalo. Ngakho-ke,

Ama-transformer ngokuvamile awavumeli ukusebenza komthwalo noma umthwalo olula.

5.4 Ukuhlaziywa kokusebenza komthwalo we-transformer

Ngemva kokuba i-transformer ilayishiwe, ugesi ohlangothini lwesibili awuseyona i-zero, okuholela ezinguqukweni enqubweni ye-electromagnetic ngaphakathi kwe-core.

5.4.1 Isibalo sebhalansi yamandla kazibuthe lapho i-transformer ingaphansi komthwalo

5.4.1 Isibalo sebhalansi yamandla kazibuthe lapho i-transformer ingaphansi komthwalo

Akukho mthwalo/umthwalo

Ifomula engenhla ingaqondwa kanje: Njengoba umkhawulo womthwalo ukhuphuka, amandla kazibuthe ahambisanayo (noma umkhawulo wamanje) kumele akhuliswe ohlangothini oluyinhloko ukuze kulungiswe amandla kazibuthe ohlangothini lwesibili, ukuze kugcinwe i-magnetic flux noma amandla kazibuthe engashintshi lapho kungekho mthwalo. Ngakho-ke kukhona:

Ekuphetheni:

Ngemva kokuba i-transformer isilayishiwe, ugesi ohlangothini oluyinhloko uyanda. Uma umthwalo (wamanje) udingeka kakhulu ohlangothini lwesibili, ugesi ohlinzekwa ohlangothini oluyinhloko uyanda. Okusho ukuthi, i-transformer ingabhekwa njengebhalansi phakathi kokunikezwa kanye nesidingo.

5.4.2 Amapharamitha kagesi alinganayo wesekethe ye-magnetic yokuvuza yesibili ngemva kokulayishwa kwe-transformer

I-X₂δ noma i-Ḯ₂ingasetshenziswa ukukhombisa isimo sesekethe yamagnetic yokuvuza ohlangothini lwesibili.

5.4.3 Ubudlelwano be-electromagnetic lapho i-transformer ingaphansi komthwalo

5.5 Izibalo eziyisisekelo, amasekethe alinganayo kanye nemidwebo ye-phasor yama-transformer

5.5.1 Isibalo esiyisisekelo se-transformer silingana nokuhlaziywa okuhlukahlukene kanye namapharamitha esigabeni esedlule, kanye nesigaba

Izibalo Eziyisisekelo Zokuguqula Ngefomu Lobuningi

5.5.2 Isekethe elinganayo yokusebenza komthwalo we-transformer

Ngokwezibalo eziyisisekelo zangaphambilini, ukuhlaziywa okuhlukahlukene kanye nokubala kwe-transformer kungenziwa, kodwa izibalo zinzima kakhulu. Kobunjiniyela, ngokuvamile iguqulwa ibe yisekethe efanayo ukuze ithathe indawo ye-transformer yangempela.

Izinhlangothi eziyinhloko nezesibili zesekethe efanayo zizimele ngogesi komunye nomunye. Ukuze kube lula ukubala, inani lokujika okugoqayo ohlangothini lwesibili livame ukwanda kusuka ku-N kuya ku-1, ukuze inani ngalinye elibonakalayo ohlangothini lwesibili lishintshe ngokufanele. Le nqubo ibizwa nangokuthi ukuguqulwa.

Isimiso sokuguqulwa:

Ngaphambi nangemva kokuguqulwa, ubudlelwano be-electromagnetic kufanele bugcinwe bungashintshi, okungukuthi:

(1) Amandla kazibuthe ngaphambi nangemva kokuguqulwa kufanele ahlale engashintshi;

(2) Amandla kagesi kanye nokulahleka kwawo ngaphambi nangemva kokuguqulwa kwawo kufanele kuhlale kungashintshi.

(1) Ukuguqulwa kwe-voltage (guqula i-E ₁okufana ne-E₂)

(2) Ukuguqulwa kwamanje (ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amandla kazibuthe ahlala engashintshi)

(3) Ukuguqulwa kwe-Impedance (ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ubudlelwano bokudluliselwa kwamandla abushintshi, kufaka phakathi amandla asebenzayo nasebenzayo)

Amandla Asebenzayo

Amandla Okusabela

5.5.3 Umdwebo we-phasor lapho i-transformer ingaphansi komthwalo Umdwebo we-phasor awubonisi nje kuphela ubudlelwano be-electromagnetic be-transformer, kodwa futhi ungabona ngokuzenzakalelayo ubukhulu kanye nobudlelwano besigaba senani ngalinye elibonakalayo ku-transformer.

Uma sicabanga ukuthi amapharamitha wesekethe ayaziwa, futhi usayizi nesigaba somthwalo kunikeziwe, umdwebo we-phasor ungadwetshwa ngokwezinyathelo eziningana.

Ekuphetheni:

Ngemva kokuba i-transformer ilayishiwe, i-engeli ye-power factor yohlangothi oluyinhloko iyancishiswa, futhi i-power factor iyathuthukiswa.

5.6 Ukuhlolwa nokulinganiswa kwamapharamitha wesekethe esilingana ne-transformer Isekethe esilingana nayo ingasetshenziswa ukuhlaziya ukusebenza kokusebenza kwe-transformer. Okokuqala, amapharamitha esekethe esilingana nayo kumele aziwe.

Ukuhlolwa okungenamthwalo -> isilinganiso sokuguqulwa k, impedance yokuvuselela

Ukuhlolwa kwesekethe emfushane → impedance yesekethe emfushane

5.7 Ukubalwa kwezimpawu zokusebenza ezizinzile zama-transformer

5.7.1 Izici zangaphandle kanye nezinga lokushintsha kwe-voltage yama-transformer

Incazelo yezici zangaphandle (ebonisa ikhwalithi yokunikezwa kwamandla kwe-transformer kumthwalo)

Ijika lobudlelwano phakathi kwe-voltage yokugcina yohlangothi lwesibili lwe-transformer kanye nomthamo wamanje wohlangothi lwesibili ngaphansi kwezimo ze-voltage yokunikezwa kwamandla elinganisiwe kanye nesici esithile samandla omthwalo.

Izici ezijwayelekile zangaphandle zama-transformer ngaphansi kwemithwalo ehlukahlukene

Incazelo Yezinga Lokushintsha Kwe-Voltage:

Ngaphansi kwesimo se-voltage yokunikezwa kwamandla elinganisiwe kanye nesici esithile samandla omthwalo, iphesenti ye-voltage ye-terminal eseceleni yesibili iyashintsha kusukela ekungathwalini umthwalo iye ekuthwalweni okulinganisiwe, okungukuthi:

∆u

Izici zangaphakathi: xᶄ, rᶄ → amapharamitha esakhiwo se-transformer

Izici zangaphandle: i-cosφ2, i-β-→umthwalo othize, usayizi womthwalo

Ingxoxo: I-transformer ngokuvamile i-rᶄ: incane kakhulu kune-xᶄ sicela ubheke Isibonelo (5-1)

◆Ngomthwalo omsulwa wokumelana, i-cosφ2=1, i-sinφ2=0, ngakho-ke u-∆u mncane;

◆Ngemithwalo yokungenisa,

cosφ2>0, sinφ2>0, ngakho-ke ∆u>0,

okungukuthi, ngokwanda komthamo womthwalo, i-voltage ohlangothini lwesibili yehla kakhulu;

◆Ngomthwalo we-capacitive, cosφ2>0, sinφ2<0, uma |rᶄ cosφ2|<| xᶄ sinφ2|, Bese kuba ∆u<0,

okubonisa ukuthi ngokwanda komthwalo wamanje I2, i-voltage ohlangothini lwesibili ingaba

ingaphakama.

Ukusetshenziswa komthwalo we-capacitive ku-voltage yesibili ye-terminal ye-transformer:

(1) Khokha amandla asabelayo, uthuthukise amandla, futhi unciphise ukulahleka komugqa

(2) Khulisa i-voltage yegridi yamandla efektri ukuxazulula inkinga yomthwalo osindayo efektri kanye nokwehla kwe-voltage yegridi yamandla

5.7.2 Izici zokusebenza kahle kwama-transformer.

Ukusebenza kahle kwe-transformer kuchazwa kanje:

Izici ezithonya i-η

Izici zangaphakathi: amapharamitha esakhiwo se-transformer njenge-excitation kanye namapharamitha e-short-circuit

Izici zangaphandle: i-cosφ2, uhlobo lomthwalo we-β, usayizi womthwalo

Isici sokusebenza kahle sichazwa kanje:

Ngaphansi kwesimo se-voltage ekalwe kanye nesici esithile samandla omthwalo,

η= f(I2)

(nomaη = f(β) ).

Ukusebenza kahle okulinganiselwe kwe-transformer ngokuvamile kuphakeme

Iningi lazo lingaphezu kuka-95%, kanti ama-transformer amakhulu angafinyelela ku-99%. Injini ye-AC inengxenye ejikelezayo, ukusebenza kahle kuphansi.

Xazulula ukuze uthole ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kwe-transformer:

5.8 Izinkinga Ezikhethekile Zama-Transformer Ezigaba Ezintathu

Izahluko zangaphambilini zithathe i-transformer yesigaba esisodwa njengesibonelo sokutadisha izibalo eziyisisekelo, amasekethe alinganayo kanye nezindlela zokubala ukusebenza kwe-transformer, ezisebenza futhi kuma-transformer esigaba esithathu.

Ama-transformer esigaba sesithathu nawo anezinkinga zawo ezikhethekile:

➢ Indlela yokuxhumana

➢ Isakhiwo sesekethe sikagesi

5.8.1 Indlela yokuxhuma kanye neqembu lokuxhuma le-transformer yesigaba ezintathu

(1) Indlela yokuxhuma

(a) uxhumano lwezinkanyezi (b) uxhumano lwe-delta

Umthethonqubo:

Izinhlamvu ezinkulu (A, B, C, N) zimele isikwele sokuqala;

izinhlamvu ezincane (x, y, z,n) egameni lomuntu okhokhayo;

(2) Ukuxhumanisa amaqembu

Kuma-transformer ezigaba ezintathu, amaqembu avame ukusetshenziswa ukumela umehluko wesigaba phakathi kwama-voltage ayinhloko nawesibili e-transformer yezigaba ezintathu: θ=(EABEab), okuyi-multiple ka-30°, phakathi kwamahora ebusweni bewashi. Ngakho-ke, ubudlelwano besigaba phakathi kwamandla entambo yokugoqa ye-voltage ephezulu nephansi ye-transformer yezigaba ezintathu ngokuvamile buvezwa "ngophawu lwewashi", okungukuthi, inombolo yeqembu.

Indlela yokunquma iqembu:

Sebenzisa i-EAB engaba khona yomugqa ophezulu njengesandla eside, ukhomba i-"12" engaba khona yomugqa ophansi ebusweni bewashi.

I-Eab iyinaliti emfushane, futhi inombolo ekhomba kuyo iyinombolo yeqembu lokuxhumana le-transformer yesigaba esithathu.

A. Iqembu lokuxhuma le-transformer yesigaba esisodwa

Umqondo wegama elifanayo:

Uma i-iron core efanayo iboshwe ngama-coil amabili, ukuze kuboniswe ama-coil amabili e-iron core efanayo

Ubudlelwano bokujika phakathi kwama-coil buvame ukwethula umqondo "wokuphela kwegama elifanayo".

Uhlangothi olufanayo lwegama luthi:

Amakhoyili amabili asemoyeni ofanayo axhunyaniswe yi-magnetic flux efanayo. Uma i-magnetic flux ishintshana, uma amandla asheshayo abangelwa yisiphetho esisodwa sekhoyili elungile uma kuqhathaniswa nesinye isiphetho sekhoyili efanayo, ama-terminal amabili amahle womabili yi-terminal efanayo, emelelwa yi-"*",

(a) Ukugoba ngendlela efanayo (b) Ukugoba ngendlela ephambene

Kuma-transformer esigaba esisodwa, ingxenye eyinhloko yokugoqana kwe-high-voltage imakwe ngo-A kanti ingxenye engemuva yomsila imakwe ngo-X; ingxenye engaphambili yokugoqana kwe-low-voltage imakwe ngo-a kanti ingxenye engemuva yomsila imakwe ngo-X.

Umthethonqubo:

Isiqondiso esihle samandla sisuka ekugcineni kwekhanda kuya ekugcineni komsila.

Ku-transformer, isiphetho esinegama elifanayo singasetshenziswa njengesiphetho sekhanda, noma isiphetho esinegama elifanayo singasetshenziswa njengesiphetho sekhanda. Izibalo u-a no-b ngezansi zibonisa ubudlelwano besigaba phakathi kwamandla ayisisekelo nawesibili kulezi zimo ezimbili, ngokulandelana.

(a) Isiphetho esinegama elifanayo siphawulwe njengesiphetho sekhanda (b) Isiphetho esinegama elifanayo siphawulwe njengesiphetho sekhanda

Uma kusetshenziswa indlela yokuhlonza lapho isiphetho esinegama elifanayo simakwe khona njengesiphetho sekhanda (bheka uMfanekiso a), iqembu lama-transformer esigaba esisodwa lingu-I, i0; ku-I, i6.

B. Iqembu lokuxhuma le-transformer yezigaba ezintathu

Ngobudlelwano besigaba phakathi kwamandla ayisisekelo nawesibili e-transformer yesigaba esisodwa (noma amandla esigaba esiyinhloko nawesibili e-transformer yesigaba sesithathu), ubuhlobo besigaba phakathi kwamandla ayisisekelo nawesibili e-transformer yesigaba sesithathu bunganqunywa kabanzi, okungukuthi, iqembu lokuxhumana.

(1) Uxhumano lwe-Y/Y lwe-transformer yesigaba esithathu

(2) Uxhumano lwe-Y/△ transformer yesigaba esithathu

Izinyathelo ezijwayelekile zokunquma iqembu le-transformer lezigaba ezintathu:

(1) Dweba umdwebo we-phasor ongase ube khona we-high-voltage side winding;

(2) Qondanisa iphuzu a kanye nephuzu A, bese udweba amandla esigaba se-ax yokugoqa ene-voltage ephansi ngokuya ngobudlelwano besigaba phakathi kokugoqa okuphezulu nokuphansi kwe-voltage kukholamu efanayo eyinhloko.

(3) Ngokwendlela yokuxhumanisa ye-low-voltage winding, dweba umdwebo we-phasor ongaba khona wezinye izigaba ezimbili ze-low-voltage winding;

(4) Nquma i-EB kanye ne-E kusukela kumadayagramu e-phasor angase abe khona e-voltage windings ephezulu nephansi.

Kutholakala ubudlelwano besigaba se-transformer yesigaba esithathu, futhi kutholakala inombolo yeqembu lokuxhumana le-transformer yesigaba esithathu.

Y/Y,△/△ iqembu elilinganayo

Y/△,Y/△ uhlu olungajwayelekile

Kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu ezivame ukusetshenziswa zokujoyina amaqembu ajwayelekile:

Y, yn0, Y, d11, YN, d11, YN, y0, Y, y0, ezintathu zokuqala yizona ezisetshenziswa kakhulu.

5.8.2 Isakhiwo sesekethe yamagnetic se-transformer yezigaba ezintathu

Izici zama-transformer eqembu lesigaba esithathu: izifunda zikagesi zesigaba ngasinye azizimele.

Izici ze-transformer ye-core yesigaba esithathu: izifunda zikagesi zesigaba ngasinye zihlobene.

5.8.3 Ukufaniswa okufanele kokuxhumeka okugoqekayo kanye nesakhiwo sesekethe sikamazibuthe se-transformer yezigaba ezintathu

Ukujikeleza kwegagasi le-sine kufana nomsinga wegagasi eliphakeme Umsinga wegagasi le-sine ufana nomsinga wegagasi eliphezulu eliyisicaba

Ekuphetheni:

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-phase potential waveform iyi-sinusoidal, i-magnetic flux eyinhloko yesigaba ngasinye kufanele ishintshe ngokuya ngomthetho we-sinusoidal. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuyadingeka ukuthi i-excitation current ibe yi-peak wave, okungukuthi, indlela ye-third harmonic current kumele iqinisekiswe ekuxhumekeni kwesekethe. (kungani?)

Ukuguquguquka kwegagasi eliyisicaba - (ukuphuma) - amandla egagasi lesiqongo, uma isiqongo sikhulu kakhulu, singase siphule ukufudumala kwe-winding.

Uma sibheka ukuthi amasekethe kazibuthe esigaba ngasinye se-transformer yeqembu azimele, awahlobene. I-harmonic magnetic flux yesithathu equkethwe ku-magnetic flux eyinhloko ifana ne-fundamental wave magnetic flux, futhi ijikeleza ku-main magnetic circuit ye-phase transformer ngayinye, ngaleyo ndlela ibangele amandla aphezulu e-amplitude third harmonic potential kuma-windings ayinhloko nawesibili, okuholela ekutheni i-phase potential wave yi-sharp-topped wave (etholakala ngokutholakala kwe-flat-topped wave magnetic flux). I-peak ye-peak wave phase potential ingaphula i-winding insulation.

Uma sibheka ukuthi izifunda zikagesi zesigaba ngasinye se-core transformer zihlobene, isigaba se-three harmonic magnetic flux ku-main magnetic flux yesigaba sesithathu se-flat top wave siyafana, futhi akunakwenzeka ukujikeleza ku-magnetic circuit ye-main iron core. Kukhiwa isifunda sikagesi esivaliwe, okwenza amandla esithathu e-harmonic abangelwa yi-three harmonic magnetic flux kuma-windings ayinhloko nawesibili abe mancane, futhi i-phase potential waveform isasondele ku-sine wave.

Ekuphetheni:

(1) Ukugoqa kwezigaba ezintathu kwe-transformer yesakhiwo seqembu lezigaba ezintathu akukwazi ukuxhunywa yi-Y/Y;.

(2) Ukugoqa kwe-transformer okunezigaba ezintathu ngesakhiwo esiyinhloko sezigaba ezintathu kungaxhunywa ngo-Y/Y, kodwa umthamo akufanele ube mkhulu kakhulu.

Uhlangothi olulodwa lokugoqa luxhunywe ku-delta, kanti ugesi wesithathu we-harmonic unendlela. Ngakho-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isekethe yamagnetic iwuhlobo lweqembu noma isakhiwo sohlobo oluyinhloko, ukugoqa kwezigaba ezintathu kungaxhunywa ngo-△/Y.

Uhlangothi olulodwa lokugoqa luxhunywe ku-Y, kanti ugesi wesithathu we-harmonic awukwazi ukugeleza kuwo, kodwa ugesi wesithathu we-harmonic magnetic okhiqizwa ugesi we-sine wave uzobangela ugesi wesithathu we-harmonic kugesi wesibili (uxhumano lwe-delta) (bheka isithombe esingezansi). ), kungaqinisekisa nokuthi i-magnetic flux waveform eyinhloko iseduze ne-sinusoidal, ngakho-ke amandla esigaba esibangelwe nawo ayi-sinusoidal. Kungabonakala ukuthi umphumela woxhumano oluyinxantathu ohlangothini olufanayo oluyinhloko uyafana.

Ekuphetheni:

Kuma-windings esigaba sesithathu axhunyiwe angu-0/Y (noma angu-Y/0), angasetshenziswa kuma-transformer esigaba sesithathu esakhiwo seqembu noma kuma-transformer esigaba sesithathu esakhiwo seqembu.

Ekuphetheni:

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amandla esigaba ayi-sinusoidal, kungcono ukusebenzisa uxhumano lwe-delta ohlangothini olulodwa lwe-transformer yesigaba ezintathu.

5.9 Ama-transformer akhethekile ezinhlelweni zokudonsa zikagesi

5.9.1 Ama-Autotransformer

(a) Umdwebo wesakhiwo (b) Umdwebo wezintambo ezigoqekayo

Izici: Kukhona ukugoqa okuvamile phakathi kokugoqa okuyinhloko nokwesibili, okuholela hhayi ekuhlanganisweni kwamagnetic kuphela kodwa nasekuxhumekeni kukagesi phakathi kokugoqa okuyinhloko nokwesibili.

Ekuphetheni:

Umthamo we-autotransformer wakhiwe izingxenye ezimbili:

(1) Amandla kagesi i-U2nIl2: amandla adluliselwa emthwalweni ngokusebenzisa ukuhlanganiswa kwe-electromagnetic phakathi kwe-Aa ejikelezayo kanye ne-ax ejwayelekile ejikelezayo;

(2) Amandla aqhutshwayo i-U2nI1N: amandla kagesi adluliselwa ngqo emthwalweni nge-common winding ax.

➢Umthamo we-electromagnetic < umthamo olinganiselwe

Usayizi omncane, ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi okuphansi kanye nethusi, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu

➢Isilinganiso esincane

Ugesi wengxenye evamile mncane kunesilinganiso sesibili secala

Igebe alibonakali, umnotho unciphile

➢Kukhona uxhumano oluqondile lukagesi, ukuvikela kwangaphakathi kanye nokuvikela i-overvoltage kudingeka kuqiniswe.

5.9.2 I-Transformer

I-voltage transformer - ilinganisa i-voltage ephezulu ngemitha ye-voltage ephansi

Izinyathelo zokuzivikela:

Ukuphela kohlangothi lwesibili kufanele kusekelwe phansi; (ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuvimbela ukuqongelela kweshaja engashintshi ekuthinteni ukufundwa)

Uhlangothi lwesibili akumele lufinyezwe, ngaphandle kwalokho i-voltage transformer izosha. (Ingakhuphula ugesi uma ingancishiswa)

I-Transformer yamanje 1 - Kala i-current enkulu nge-ammeter ephansi

Izinyathelo zokuzivikela:

➢ Uhlangothi olulodwa lwesibili kufanele lusekelwe phansi; (ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuvimbela ukuqongelela kweshaja engashintshi ekuthinteni ukufundwa)

➢ Uhlangothi lwesibili alukwazi ukuvulwa, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzovela i-voltage spike ephezulu ohlangothini lwesibili ngenxa yenani elikhulu lama-turn ohlangothini lwesibili, futhi ukufakelwa kwe-winding kwe-transformer kuzophulwa. (I-voltage ingakhushulwa uma ugesi ungancishiswa)