55 Ulwazi loGuquli oFumana Uyazi

2. Ngokuqhelekileyo kukho iikhoyili ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu kwiprayimari kunye neyesibini ye-transformer yamandla. Ukuba uphawu lwesiphelo se-polarity yekhoyili lulahlekile, yeyiphi indlela enokusetyenziswa ukuyichonga?

Impendulo: Isiphelo esifanayo se-polarity yekhoyili nganye ye-transformer yamandla idla ngokuphawulwa ngesimboli "*". Ukuba isiphawuli silahlekile, sinokuchongwa ngeendlela zovavanyo. Qala uqhagamshele ikhoyili enye ene-voltage ephantsi kunye nokuba ekupheleni kwenye icoil ye-voltage ephantsi, emva koko uqhagamshele nayiphi na ikhoyili ene-voltage ephezulu kunikezelo lwamandla, kwaye usebenzise i-voltmeter ukulinganisa i-voltage kwiziphelo ezibini eziseleyo zeekhoyili ze-voltage ephantsi. . Ukuba i-voltage elinganisiweyo yi-voltage ye-voltage ye-coil ezimbini eziphantsi-i-voltage, ibonisa ukuba iziphelo ezimbini ezidibeneyo azikho kwi-polarity efanayo. Ukuba i-voltage elinganisiweyo ngumahluko phakathi kwezi zibini, ibonisa ukuba iziphelo ezibini ezidibeneyo zine-polarity efanayo. Indlela yokuchonga ye-polarity ye-coil yombane ophezulu inokugqithwa ngendlela efanayo.

3. Ukuba i-voltage ye-input ye-transformer ikhulu kakhulu kune-voltage elinganisiweyo, iya kuba yintoni impembelelo kwi-transformer?

Impendulo: Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-magnetic flux density ye-transformer iphezulu ngexesha elilinganisiweyo, kwaye intsimbi yentsimbi sele igcwele; ukuba i-voltage yegalelo inkulu kakhulu kunombane olinganisiweyo, iya kubangela ukuba undoqo wentsimbi ugqitywe, ukuze i-voltage ye-voltage ephumayo ikhubazeke, ukuze iqulethe i-voltage ephezulu. Amacandelo e-Harmonic, abangela ukuba i-voltage ye-output amplitude inyuke kwaye yenze i-coil insulation yonakale ngokulula. Kwangaxeshanye, ukwanda koxinaniso lwemagnethi kwandisa ilahleko yentsimbi, kwaye akukho mthwalo ngoku ngokufanelekileyo, kubangela ukuba i-transformer ifudumale kwaye ichaphazele amandla ombane wegridi yamandla. Ngoko ke, i-voltage yegalelo ye-transformer ngokuqhelekileyo ayivumelekanga ukuba idlule i-5% ye-voltage elinganisiweyo.

4. I-transformer sisixhobo sombane esingatshintshiyo, kodwa siya kwenza isandi esikhalayo ngexesha lokusebenza, kutheni?

Impendulo: Xa i-coil ye-transformer ixhunywe kwi-50 Hz ngokutshintshana ngoku, i-50 Hz i-magnetic flux nayo iveliswa kumbindi wentsimbi. Ngenxa yotshintsho lwemagnethi eguquguqukayo, i-silicon yentsimbi yombindi wentsimbi nayo iyangcangcazela ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye nokuba icinezelwe, kuya kuveliswa isandi esincwinayo se-50 Hz. Kodwa logama nje isandi singekho mbi kwaye kungekho ngxolo yimbi, kuqhelekile.

5. Kutheni le nto iibholithi ezibambayo zondoqo we-transformer core kufuneka zifakwe kwi-core?

Impendulo: Ingundoqo yentsimbi ye-transformer yenziwe ngamacwecwe ensimbi ye-silicon. Ukuze kuncitshiswe ilahleko yangoku ye-eddy yentsimbi engundoqo, amashiti ensimbi ye-silicon akhuselwe omnye komnye. Ukuba undoqo wentsimbi ngebholiti awufakwanga kumbindi wentsimbi, ngokuqinisekileyo uya kubangela isiphaluka esifutshane kwibholithi, nto leyo eya kwandisa ilahleko yangoku yentsimbi.

6. Kutheni le nto i-windings kwi-transformer enkulu i-disc-shaped endaweni ye-barrel-shaped?

Impendulo: Ngenxa yokuba i-short-circuit current ye-transformer enkulu inkulu, uxinzelelo oluveliswa yi-short-circuit nalo lukhulu, kwaye uxhaso oluninzi lunokongezwa kwi-disc winding ukukhusela i-coil ukuba ingaguquki. Iziguquli ezinkulu zivelisa ubushushu obuninzi, iipaseji ezininzi ze-oyile kwii-disc windings, kunye nokuchithwa kobushushu obungcono, ngelixa i-barrel windings ineendlela ze-oyile kuphela phakathi kwee-voltages eziphezulu kunye neziphantsi, ngoko ke ukuchithwa kobushushu kubi. Ngoko ke, i-windings ye-transformers enkulu yonke i-disc-shaped.

7. Kutheni le nto iikhoyili zee-transformers ezinomthamo omkhulu kufuneka ziguqulwe?

Impendulo: Isizathu sokuba i-coil ye-coil yomthamo omkhulu kufuneka iguqulwe kukuba: ① Ngenxa yokuba i-coil yolu hlobo lwe-transformer ihlala inxeba kunye neengcingo ezininzi ngokuhambelanayo, kuba ububanzi bekhoyili bukhulu, ubude be-coil. Iingcingo zangaphakathi nangaphandle zahluke kakhulu, ngoko ke ubude bocingo ngalunye buyahluka. Ukutshintshwa kunokwenza ubude bocingo ngalunye bufane ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulingana kokumelana neekhoyili. ②Ii-conductor zezangqa zangaphakathi nezingaphandle zinexabiso elahlukileyo lokusabela ngenxa yeendawo ezahlukeneyo zemagnethi. Ukutshintshwa apho iingcingo zibekwe ngokufanayo kwintsimi yamagnetic ukunciphisa ilahleko eyongezelelweyo kwikhoyili.

8. Iikhoyili ze-transformer zonke zifakwe kwioli ye-transformer, ngoko ngaba iikhoyili ze-transformer azikwazi ukucwiliswa kwipende?

Impendulo: I-insulation ye-transformer inxalenye yephepha, ikhadibhodi, intambo yomqhaphu, njl., kwaye ukusebenza kwayo kwe-insulation kuphuculwe emva kokucwiliswa kwioli. Ngoko ke, kuphela kwimbono yeemfuno zokugquma kwe-transformer, i-transformer inokuntywiliselwa kwi-oyile ye-transformer emva kokumisa i-vacuum, enokuthi ifikelele kwi-voltage ephezulu yokukhusela. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokuba i-coil ye-transformer ifakwe ngepeyinti, ifilimu yepeyinti idibanisa i-coil, eyandisa amandla omatshini, kunye ne-conductivity yombane yepeyinti yokukhulelwa ephiliswayo, ephucula ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu be-transformer. Ukusebenza kwe-insulation kuphuculwe ngakumbi emva kokudipha. Ngoko ke, kwiimfuno ezipheleleyo, i-coil ye-transformer kufuneka ifakwe kwipeyinti.

9. Kutheni isixhobo sokudibanisa esiguquguqukayo sifakwe phakathi koqhagamshelwano lwebhasi ye-porcelain bushings ye-transformer kwisitishi?

Impendulo: Oku kungenxa yokuba i-busbar ilungisiwe, kwaye isikhundla se-transformer sinokuhamba kancane ngenxa yokugcinwa kunye nezinye izizathu. Ngexesha elifanayo, i-busbar nayo inomsebenzi wokwandiswa kwe-thermal kunye nokunciphisa. Emva kokuba isixhobo sokudibanisa esiguquguqukayo sifakwe, i-busbar kunye ne-transformer inokudibaniswa. Xa isikhundla esihambelanayo sitshintsha kancinci, asiyi kubangela uxinzelelo olukhulu ukulimaza i-porcelain bushing ye-transformer.

10. Kutheni iimpompo zoguqulo lwamandla zihlala zifakwe kwicala le-high-voltage, ngelixa ezinye zifakwe kwicala le-low-voltage?

A: Ekubeni icala eliphantsi langoku likhulu kakhulu kunecala eliphezulu, indawo yocingo efunekayo kwimpompo kunye nobukhulu bomtshini wempompo kufuneka ukwandise ngokufanelekileyo. Ngale ndlela, akukhona nje kuphela ukuba ikhonkco elikhokelayo liphazamisayo, kodwa kunye nendawo yokufakela kufuneka yandiswe. I-coil ye-low-voltage ye-iron-core transformer ingaphakathi, kwaye kunzima ukukhupha umpompo ukusuka kwicala eliphantsi lombane. Ngexesha elifanayo, inani lokujika kwe-low-voltage windings ngokuqhelekileyo lingaphantsi kwe-high-voltage windings. Ke ngoko, ngaphandle kokuba i-voltage yempompo iyinani elipheleleyo lombane owenziweyo wenguqu enye, i-voltage yempompo inokuthatyathwa ngokuchanekileyo. Ngoko ke, iimpompo zoguqulo lwamandla ngokubanzi zifakwe kwicala le-high-voltage.

11. Ngaba i-bushing engathathi hlangothi ye-transformer yamandla esetyenzisiweyo kwi-transformer yamandla kwi-high-current grounding system ingasetyenziswa kunye nenqanaba elisezantsi lokugquma?

Impendulo: Kubaguquli bamandla asetyenziswa kwiinkqubo eziphezulu zangoku, umgca wokungathathi hlangothi uhlala ugcinwe kwi-zero (ngaphandle kweemeko ezithile eziphosakeleyo), kodwa ngenxa yeemfuno zendlela yokusebenza, ayinakukwazi ukuxhunywa ngokuthe ngqo kumhlaba, ngoko ke. inqanaba elisezantsi lokugquma lingasetyenziselwa i-casing. Ukwenjenjalo kunokunciphisa iindleko. Kodwa emva kokwenza oku, i-transformer yamandla ayinakuthotyelwa kwi-insulation yokukhusela ukumelana novavanyo lwe-voltage ngokwezinga layo elilinganisiweyo lombane, kuba xa i-coil ixinzelelwe, indawo engathathi hlangothi kunye nocingo olukhokelayo lunamandla afanayo. Ngoko ke, ukuthembeka kwe-transformer akukwazi ukuvavanywa ngokupheleleyo kuvavanyo lokukhusela.

12. Kutheni kusetyenziswe iityhubhu ezisicaba endaweni yeetyhubhu ezingqukuva kwimibhobho yobushushu yeziguquli zamandla?

Impendulo: Xa indawo yokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu betyhubhu ye-flat ilingana neyombhobho ojikelezayo, i-oyile yokukhusela efakwe kwi-tube flat ingaphantsi kwe-tube ejikelezayo. Oko kukuthi, ukusetyenziswa kwe-oyile kwiyunithi nganye yokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu bommandla wetyhubhu ye-flat ingaphantsi kwetyhubhu ejikelezayo, oko kukuthi, ityhubhu ye-flat ingasebenzisa i-oyile encinci kune-tube ejikelezayo ukufezekisa umphumo ofanayo wokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu. Ngoko ke, iibhobho zokushisa ze-transformer zangoku zisebenzisa iipayipi ezinqamlekileyo endaweni yeebhobho ezijikelezayo.

13. Ukuze uncedise ilahleko yeoli ye-transformer ngexesha lokusebenza, ngaba amanqanaba ahlukeneyo e-oyile ye-transformer anokongezwa ngokusemthethweni ngokusetyenziswa okuxubileyo?

Impendulo: Xa i-transformer isebenza kufuneka incediswe ngeoli ye-transformer, uhlobo lweoli esetyenzisiweyo kwi-transformer yasekuqaleni kufuneka ichongwe kuqala, kwaye ke ibakala elifanayo leoli ye-transformer kufuneka yongezwe, kuba iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeoli ye-transformer ayikwazi ukuxutywa. ngentando. Ngamanye amaxesha xa amabakala amabini ahlukeneyo e-transformer kufuneka axutywe (umzekelo, xa uhlobo olufanayo lweoli alufumaneki), kuyimfuneko ukuqonda kuqala ukuba iipropati ezibonakalayo zeoli ezimbini, ezifana ne-gravity ethile, i-viscosity, i-freezing point. , inqaku elidanyazayo, njl., ziyafana. Emva koko, yenza uvavanyo lokuzinza, oko kukuthi, xuba iindidi ezimbini zeesampulu zeoli ngokomlinganiselo ofunekayo, uzibeke esityeni inyanga enye emva kokuxutywa, kwaye ugcine utshintsho; ukuba akukho sediment eyenziwayo, kwaye ioli edibeneyo inokufikelela kwinqanaba le-oyile ye-insulating. umgangatho ungasetyenziswa.

14. Kutheni ixesha lokuvezwa kwekhoyili lingenakuba lide kakhulu xa i-transformer suspension core ikhangelwe?

Impendulo: Undoqo we-transformer uphakanyiselwe ixesha elide. Ngenxa yokuba i-insulating material ye-coil inomsebenzi oqinileyo wokufunxa ukufuma, ukufunxa ubuninzi bomswakama emoyeni kuya kunciphisa ukusebenza kwe-insulating. Ukuze kuthintelwe umswakama ukuba ungangeni kwi-transformer, ukushisa kwekhoyili kunokwenziwa phezulu kunobushushu obujikelezileyo xa intsimbi yentsimbi ikhutshwe, kwaye ukugcinwa kufuneka kuqhutywe ngokukhawuleza, kwaye akufanelekanga ukusebenza. kwimozulu yemvula. Ngokwemigaqo yemigaqo yokusebenza kwe-transformer, ixesha lokuhlala kwintliziyo emoyeni: iiyure eziyi-16 kwimozulu eyomileyo (umswakama ohambelana nomoya awudluli kwi-65%); Iiyure ezili-12 kwimozulu emanzi (ukufuma komoya okuhambelanayo akudluli kwi-75%).

15. Kutheni ioli ye-insulating ayifuni kuphela amandla ombane, kodwa ifuna ukuba ixabiso le-asidi lingadluli ixabiso elithile?

Impendulo: Ngenxa yokuba xa ixabiso le-asidi lidlula ixabiso elithile, ioli yokukhusela kwi-transformer iya kutshabalalisa i-medium eqinile, oko kukuthi, i-insulating material, kwaye ibangele umonakalo kwi-insulating material, eya kuchaphazela kakhulu ubomi bomguquli. Oku akuvumelekanga.

15

Impendulo: Oku kukuthintela umbhobho wokungabikho kokuqhuma ngenxa yoxinzelelo lomoya olugqithiseleyo xa ukushisa kwe-transformer kuphakama okanye kuncipha ngamandla; okanye umgangatho we-oyile wombhobho wokuthintela ukuqhuma kunye nomqamelo we-oyile awufikeleli kwinqanaba elifanayo, okubangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-gas relay.

17. Xa ufaka i-transformer nge-Buchholz relay, ngaba kufuneka ifakwe ngokuthe tye okanye i-oblique?

Impendulo: Xa ufaka i-transformer kunye ne-relay yegesi, kufuneka ifakwe i-oblique, kwaye i-tilt direction iboniswe kumfanekiso, oko kukuthi, icala apho i-oil pillow ifakwe kufuneka ibe phezulu, ukwenzela ukuba ikhava ephezulu ibe ne ukunyuka kwethambeka le-1-1.5% ecaleni kwendlela yokuhanjiswa kwegesi. Ngale ndlela, igesi eveliswa kwi-transformer inokubaleka ngokulula kwi-oyile pillow, ukwenzela ukuba kukhuthazwe ukusebenza okuchanekileyo nokuthembekileyo kwe-relay yegesi.

18. I-Transformer, i-coil yayo yesibini inama-windings amabini, kwaye i-polarity yayo ayaziwa. Ngoku ukuphepha njani ukujikeleza okufutshane ngokudibanisa le mibhobho mibini ngokuhambelanayo?

Impendulo: Xhuma nayiphi na isiphelo se-windings ezimbini kwaye ulinganise i-voltage kwiindawo ezingaxhunywanga kunye ne-voltmeter. Ngokomzekelo, i-voltage elinganiswe ngokudibanisa i-2 kunye ne-3 yinani lee-voltages ezimbini zesibini, ezibonisa ukuba ii-windings ezimbini zixhunyiwe kwi-series kulolu xhulumaniso, kwaye i-wiring kufuneka itshintshwe. Ukuba i-voltage elinganisiweyo ilingana no-zero, oko kuthetha ukuba uxhulumaniso luchanekile, kwaye iziphelo ezimbini ezingenanto zinokudibaniswa kwaye zisetyenziswe ngokufanayo.

19. Icala eliphambili leenguqu ezimbini ezifanayo zeY / Y-12 zesigaba sesithathu zixhunywe ngokufanayo, kodwa icala lesibini alixhunyiwe ngokufanayo. Ngaba kukho nayiphi na i-voltage phakathi kwesigaba se-A secala lesibini le-transformer yokuqala kunye nesigaba sesibini B se-transformer yesibini? Ukuba indawo ephakathi yecala lesibini leenguqu ezimbini zisekelwe, ngaba kukho nayiphi na i-voltage?

Impendulo: Isibini sesibini se-transformer asixhunyiwe kwi-parallel, kwaye akukho xhulumaniso lombane, ngoko akukho mbane phakathi kwe-A-phase kwicala lesibini le-transformer yokuqala kunye ne-B-isigaba sesibini kwicala lesibini. i-transformer yesibini. Ukuba i-midpoints yamacala esibini eenguqu ezimbini zombini zisekelwe, isibini sinonxibelelwano lombane, kwaye ngeli xesha, kukho i-voltage, kwaye i-voltage ilingana nombane phakathi kwezigaba A kunye ne-B ze-transformer efanayo.

21

Impendulo: Xa i-transformer ixhunyiwe kwi-Y / Y, iinqununu ze-3 ze-harmonic ze-excitation current yesigaba ngasinye azikwazi ukudlula indlela yokudibanisa yenkwenkwezi ngaphandle komgca ongathathi hlangothi. Ngeli xesha, uvuselelo lwangoku lugcina i-sine wave. I-Non-linear, i-flux ephambili iya kuba neengxenye ze-3 ze-harmonic. Ekubeni i-3 ye-harmonic magnetic flux yesigaba ngasinye ilingana nobukhulu kunye nesigaba, ayikwazi ukuvalwa yintsimbi yentsimbi. Kuphela ngabachwephesha abanobuchule banokwenza isiphaluka ngoncedo lweoli, udonga lwetanki yepetroli, ijoka yentsimbi, njl. Ukuba i-eddy currents iveliswa kula macandelo, iya kubangela ukufudumeza kwendawo kunye nokunciphisa ukusebenza kweTransformer. Ngoko ke, i-transformer yesigaba sesithathu esinamandla amakhulu kunye ne-voltage ephezulu akufanele isebenzise indlela yokudibanisa i-Y / Y.

Xa i-coil ixhunyiwe kwi-△ / Y, i-3rd component ye-harmonic ye-primary excitation current ingadlula, ngoko ke i-magnetic flux inokuthi igcinwe njenge-sine wave ngaphandle kwe-3rd component harmonic.

Xa i-coil ixhunywe njenge-Y / △, nangona i-harmonic ye-3 kwi-excitation yangoku yecala eliphambili ayikwazi ukuhamba, i-3rd component ye-harmonic yenziwa kwisiphaluka esiyintloko samagnetic, kodwa ngenxa yokuba icala lesibini lixhunywe ngu-△, i-harmonic yesi-3. amandla anokubakho I-3rd harmonic circulating current yenziwa ngo △. Akukho nto ihambelanayo ye-3 ye-harmonic yangoku kwicala eliphambili lokuyilinganisa, ngoko ke umbane ojikelezayo uba ngoku kunye neempawu zokuvuselela. Ngeli xesha, i-magnetic flux ye-transformer iya kuxhamla ngokudibeneyo ngokusasazwa kwe-sine wave kwicala eliphambili kunye nomjikelezo ojikelezayo kwicala lesibini. △/Y umdibaniso uyafana ncam. Ke ngoko, eyona nto iphambili imagnethi ikwayi-sine wave ngaphandle kwecandelo le-3 le-harmonic. Ngale ndlela, into yokufudumala yendawo ebangelwa yi-harmonic eddy yangoku ayiyi kwenzeka emva kokuba i-transformer yesigaba sesithathu ithatha indlela yokudibanisa △/Y okanye Y1/△.

21. Kutheni uvavanyo olungenamthwalo we-transformer lunokulinganisa ilahleko yentsimbi, ngelixa uvavanyo olufutshane lwesiphaluka lunokulinganisa ukulahleka kobhedu?

Impendulo: Ukulahleka kwentsimbi ye-transformer kubandakanya ukulahleka kwangoku kwe-eddy kunye nokulahlekelwa kwe-hysteresis. Xa i-frequency yamandla ingaguquguquki, imiselwa yimagnethi yokungenisa kumbindi wentsimbi. Ukulahleka kobhedu kwe-transformer kunqunywe ngokukodwa ngoku kwiikhoyili eziphambili kunye nesekondari.

Ngexesha lovavanyo lokungathwali mthwalo, icala lesibini langoku ngu-zero, icala eliphambili alinamthwalo wangoku lincinci kakhulu, kwaye ilahleko yobhedu inokungahoywa, ngelixa i-voltage elinganisiweyo isetyenziswa kwicala eliphambili, kunye ne-magnetic induction intensite. i-iron core lixabiso eliqhelekileyo ngexesha lokusebenza, ngoko ke amandla okufaka asetyenziswa ngokusisiseko kwilahleko yentsimbi. Ngexesha lovavanyo lwesekethe emfutshane, iikhoyili eziziiprayimari nezesekondari zonke zilinganiswe ngoku, ngelixa amandla ombane ombane asezantsi, amandla okufakelwa kwamagnetic kumbindi wentsimbi kuncinci, kwaye ilahleko yentsimbi ayinakuhoywa, ngoko ke amandla okufaka ngokusisiseko idliwe yilahleko yobhedu.

22. Kutheni kufuneka uvavanyo lwe-AC lukwazi ukumelana nombane emva kokufudumeza (60-70℃) kwiziguquli ze-110kV nangaphezulu?

A: Ekubeni ezinye iibhubhu zomoya ziveliswa xa ioli ye-transformer ijojowe, ezi zibhubhu zomoya zinokuthi zifakwe kwikhoyili, kwaye nokuba i-transformer efanelekileyo iya kubangela ingozi yokukhutshwa. Kwimeko yokufudumala, kungekhona kuphela ama-bubbles anokususwa, kodwa kwakhona isondele ekusebenzeni kwangempela kwe-transformer, ngoko umgangatho wokuvavanya unokuqinisekiswa.

23. Ngaba isiguquli esisebenzayo sinokugwetywa ngesandi esisenzayo?

A: I-transformer inokugweba imeko ngokusekelwe kwisandi. Beka enye isiphelo sentonga kwitanki ye-transformer, kwaye ubeke enye isiphelo endlebeni yakho kwaye uphulaphule ngenyameko kwisandi. Ukuba isandi esiqhubekayo esithi "humming", esinzima kunesiqhelo, khangela ukuba i-voltage kunye nobushushu be-oyile buphezulu kakhulu; ukuba akukho nto ingaqhelekanga, khangela ukuba umbindi wentsimbi ukhululekile na. Xa isandi esithi "ZZZ" sivakala, khangela ukuba kukho i-flashover ebusweni be-casing. Ukuba akukho nto ingaqhelekanga, khangela kwakhona ngaphakathi. Xa isandi esithi "kufuneka sihlulwe" sivakele, khangela ukuba i-insulation phakathi kweekhoyili okanye phakathi kwentsimbi yentsimbi kunye neplywood iphukile.

24. Xa i-short-circuit iphutha lenzeka kumgca odibeneyo ngaphandle kwe-transformer, yintoni impembelelo ngaphakathi kwe-transformer?

Impendulo: Ngenxa yephutha langaphandle le-short-circuit ye-transformer, uxinzelelo olukhulu lomatshini (amandla ombane) lwenziwa ngaphakathi kwikhoyili. Olu xinzelelo lomatshini lucinezela ikhoyili, kwaye uxinzelelo luyanyamalala emva kokuba ingozi ikhululiwe. Le nkqubo ibangela ukuba ikhoyili ikhululeke. Iipads ezikhuselayo kunye neepleyiti zokuxhasa nazo ziya kukhulula okanye ziwe. Xa imeko inzima, ukugquma kwe-core clamping screw kunye nokumila kwekhoyili kunokutshintshwa. Xa i-coil ekhululekile okanye ephosakeleyo ixhomekeke ngokuphindaphindiweyo kuxinzelelo lomatshini, ukugquma kunokonakala, okukhokelela kwisiphaluka esifutshane phakathi kokujika.

25. Iyintoni impembelelo ye-no-load transformer yokuvula kunye namaxesha okuvala kwi-transformer?

Impendulo: Xa i-transformer engekho-load ivuliwe, i-magnetic field kwi-core yentsimbi iyanyamalala ngokukhawuleza, kwaye i-voltage ephezulu iya kuveliswa kwi-coil ngenxa yokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza kwendawo yamagnetic, enokubangela ukuphuka kwe-insulation ebuthathaka. ye-transformer. Xa i-transformer ivaliwe, i-overcurrent enkulu ekhawulezayo inokuveliswa, eya kubangela ukuba ikhoyili ibe phantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu lomatshini, okubangela ukuguqulwa kwekhoyili kunye nomonakalo we-insulation. Ngoko ke, inani lamaxesha okuvulwa nokuvalwa kwe-transformer engekho-load iya kuchaphazela ubomi benkonzo.

26. Kutheni ukubeka iliso ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kwe-transformer? Ingaba ukunyuka kweqondo lobushushu kungcono?

A: Ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kwe-transformer yenye yeeparamitha ezibalulekileyo zokusebenza. Ukuba ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kuphezulu kakhulu, i-insulation iya kuguga ngokukhawuleza, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, iya kuba yi-brittle and rupture, ngaloo ndlela yonakalise i-coil ye-transformer; ukongeza, nokuba i-insulation ayingonakaliswanga, kodwa ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kuphezulu kakhulu, ukusebenza kwezinto ezikhuselayo kuya kuhlahloka, kwaye kuya kuphulwa ngokulula ngumbane ophezulu, obangela i-Fault. Ngoko ke, igosa lomsebenzi we-substation kufuneka libeke esweni ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kwe-transformer kwaye alikwazi ukudlula ukushisa okuvumelekileyo kwezinto zokukhusela. Nangona kunjalo, ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kwe-transformer akuncinci ngokusemandleni, ngenxa yezinto eziphathekayo zomgangatho othile wokufakelwa. Vumela ukusebenza kwexesha elide kwiqondo lokushisa elithile.

Umthamo olinganisiweyo we-transformer unqunywe ngokuhambelana nokushisa okuvumelekileyo kwe-insulation. Ngaphantsi komthamo olinganisiweyo, i-transformer inokusebenza ngokuqhubekayo. Ukuba ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kwe-transformer kuphantsi kakhulu, kuthetha ukuba i-transformer ilayishwe ngokulula kwaye izinto eziphathekayo azisetyenziswanga ngokupheleleyo, ngoko ke akukona ukonga.

27. Kutheni le nto intsimbi ye-transformer kufuneka isekelwe, kwaye inqaku elinye kuphela?

Impendulo: Xa i-transformer isebenza, i-iron core ikwintsimi yombane enamandla kwaye inamandla aphezulu. Ukuba ayisekelwanga, ngokuqinisekileyo iya kuvelisa ukungafani okuphezulu kunye netanki yeoli ephantsi, ijoka yentsimbi, njl., Okuya kukhokelela ekukhutshweni kwaye kubangele izingozi ze-transformer. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-silicon sheet yentsimbi engundoqo isekelwe kwiindawo ezininzi, i-silicon sheet sheet iya kubumba emhlabeni.

I-eddy yangoku isicatshulwa kwandisa ilahleko yangoku ye-eddy kwaye ibangela ukufudumeza kwendawo yendawo yentsimbi, engavumelekanga nayo. Nangona amashidi ensimbi ye-silicon aqatywe ngepeyinti yokugquma, ukuxhathisa kwabo kuncinci, okunokuthi kuthintele imisinga ye-eddy kuphela kodwa ayikwazi ukuthintela imisinga ephezulu yombane. Ke ngoko, logama nje isiqwenga esinye samaphepha ensimbi ye-silicon siphantsi, ilingana nokumisa yonke intsimbi engundoqo (eyaziwa ngokuba yi-point-point grounding).

28. Kwii-coil-coil transformers ezintathu, yintoni ekufuneka ihlawulwe ingqalelo xa i-coil low-voltage ivuliwe-ijikelezwe ngaphandle komthwalo?

Impendulo: Kwi-coil-coil transformer ezintathu, xa i-coil-low-voltage iqhuba i-open-circuit ngaphandle komthwalo, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwingxaki yokuba i-insulation ye-coil ye-low-voltage ingaba yingozi ngenxa ye-electrostatic induction. Ngoko ke, kule ndlela yokusebenza, ukuphuma kwesigaba esisodwa se-coil ye-low-voltage kufuneka kumiswe okwesikhashana. Ukuba i-coil ye-low-voltage ekuqaleni ixhotyiswe nge-valve-type arrester, i-valve-type arrester inokukhusela oku kubangelwa i-electrostatic overvoltage, ngoko akukho mfuneko yokunxiba isiseko sexeshana. .

29. Xa i-breaker circuit ikhupha i-transformer elayishiwe kunye ne-no-loader transformer, kwimeko apho i-transformer inokuthi ivelise i-overvoltage?

Impendulo: Xa i-circuit breaker iphula isiphaluka se-AC kunye ne-transformer yomthwalo, i-arc enkulu iya kuveliswa, ngoko ngokuqhelekileyo i-arc inokunqunyulwa xa i-alternating current inqumla i-zero. Ngeli xesha, ukugcinwa kwamandla kwi-transformer inductance yi-zero; amandla amancinci ombane kwi-capacitance yomhlaba we-transformer iya kukhutshwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye ilahleke nge-inductance, ngoko akulula ukuvelisa i-overvoltage.

I-amplitude yangoku ye-no-load ye-I0 ye-no-load ye-transformer incinci kakhulu, kuphela i-1-2% ye-current rated current, ngoko inamandla okucima i-arc kwaye inokunqumla i-breaker-circuit yangoku yesiphaluka. Kuloo nto incinci engenamthwalo yangoku, inokuba Umthwalo unyanzelekile ukuba uqhawuke ngaphambi kokuwela i-zero yangoku. Ngeli xesha, ukugcinwa kwamandla kwi-inductor akukwazi ukutshintsha ngokukhawuleza kwi-zero, kuya kuhlawulisa i-capacitor encinci ye-transformer ngokwayo, kubangela ukuba i-I0 yehle ngokukhawuleza, izinga lokutshintsha kwangoku likhulu kakhulu, kwaye amandla anyanzeliswayo anokufikelela phezulu kakhulu. ixabiso, ngoko umaphuli wesekethe unqumle akukho-mthwalo. Inokwenzeka yokugqithisa kakhulu xa i-transformer isetyenziswa.

30. Umtshintshi wempompo yesilawuli sombane womthwalo kufuneka asebenzise oonxibelelwano ababini abahambayo i-K1; I-K2, ukuchasana no-R kufuneka kudityaniswe kuluhlu lwabafowunelwa. Kwaye okuqhelekileyo akukho-mthwalo-umtshintshi wempompo unomfowunelwa omnye oshukumayo kwaye umfowunelwa akanalo ukuchasana nothotho, ngoba?

Impendulo: Ukulawulwa kwamandla ombane kukukhupha iimpompo ezininzi kwi-coil ye-transformer, kwaye ngokutshintsha itephu, phantsi kwemeko yomthwalo, tshintsha ukusuka kumpompo omnye ukuya kwenye, ngaloo ndlela utshintsha inani lokujika kwekhoyili kunye nokufezekisa injongo yolawulo lombane. . Kwinkqubo yolawulo lwe-voltage, ukuba unxibelelwano olulodwa oluhambayo lusetyenziselwa ukutshintshela ngasemva naphambili phakathi kwabafowunelwa abasisigxina abaqhagamshelwe kwisebe ngalinye, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kubangela i-arc, eya kubangela ukusilela kombane kwangoko emva kokuba i-arc icinyiwe. Ukuba abafowunelwa ababini abahambahambayo basetyenzisiweyo, ngaphambi kokutshintsha, abafowunelwa abahambahambayo be-K1 kunye ne-K2 bakwi-split ye-2. Xa utshintsha, vula kuqala i-K1 kwi-split ye-1, uze ukhuphe i-K2 kunye ne-2, ukuze ungabangeli ukusilela kwamandla, I-K2 iya kwindawo yesi-1 ukugqiba iswitshi. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lenkqubo yokutshintsha, i-loop ehlanganiswe ne-2-K2-K1-1 iya kwenziwa, eya kuvelisa umbane ojikelezayo. Xa i-K2 inqanyuliwe kwi-2, ukukhanya kwe-arc kuya kuveliswa, ngoko ke i-resistor yokukhawulela yangoku idibaniswe kwichungechunge kunye nomfowunelwa ohambayo. .

Abatshintshi bempompo abaqhelekileyo abangenamthwalo bayatshintshwa xa kwenzeka ukusilela kwamandla, kwaye akukho ngxaki yokungaphumeleli kwamandla kunye nokuveliswa kwe-arc ngexesha lenkqubo yokutshintsha. Ke ngoko, kusetyenziswe unxibelelwano olunye kuphela kwaye akukho nkcaso yochungechunge ifunekayo.

31. Kutheni usebenzisa imowudi yokusebenza ehambelanayo yee-transformer? Indlela yokufezekisa ukuhambelana?

Impendulo: Ngokunyuka komthamo wegridi yamandla, umthamo we-transformer enye kaninzi ayinakukwazi ukuthwala umthwalo opheleleyo, kwaye ayinayo imali yokutshintsha i-transformer enkulu, ngoko ukwenzela ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zomthwalo womsebenzisi. ii-transformers ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu zisebenza ngokufanayo. Ukongeza, umthwalo wegridi yamandla ngokubanzi utshintsha ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo emini nasebusuku kunye namaxesha ahlukeneyo onyaka. Ukuba ii-transformers ezininzi zisebenza ngokufanayo, xa umthwalo uncinci, iinguqu ezimbalwa ezincinci zingafakwa ekusebenzeni, ukwenzela ukuba ukusebenza kwezoqoqosho kwegridi yamandla kufezekiswe; Transformers, ezinokuthi zinikwe inkonzo ngokulandelelana ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka konikezelo lwamandla.

Ukufezekisa ukusebenza okufanayo kweziguquli ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu, iimeko ezine kufuneka zifezekiswe:

(1) Umlinganiselo wenguqu uyalingana: ukuba iinguqu ezimbini ezinemilinganiselo yokuguqula ezahlukeneyo zidityaniswe ngokufanayo, amacala esibini amabini aya kuvelisa amandla ombane ahlukeneyo, kwaye lo mahluko wamandla ombane uya kuvelisa imisinga ejikelezayo kwiluphu eyenziwe ngamacala esibini ombane. ii-transformer ezimbini. iya kutshisa amajiko e-transformer. Ukuze wenze i-parallel transformers isebenze ngokukhuselekileyo, ilizwe lam lichaza ukuba umehluko wenguqu yenguqu ye-parallel transformers ayiyi kudlula i-0.5% (ngokubhekiselele kwimeko apho umtshintshi wempompo efakwe kwisixhobo esifanayo).

(2) Amaqela e-wiring ayafana: ukuba ii-transformer ezimbini ezinamaqela ahlukeneyo e-wiring zixhunyiwe ngokufanayo, izigaba zombane zemigca yecala lesibini lesibini ziyahluka, kwaye ngenxa yoko, umahluko we-voltage uya kuveliswa ngokuhambelana. isiphaluka secala lesibini. Umbane omkhulu ojikelezayo wenziwa kwi-winding yesibini, etshisa i-transformer.

3 I-voltage yesiphaluka ayinakulayishwa ngokupheleleyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kukholelwa ukuba umahluko we-voltage ye-short-circuit ye-parallel transformers akufanele idlule i-10%. Ngokuqhelekileyo, zama ukunyusa i-voltage ejikelezayo yesibini ye-transformer kunye ne-voltage enkulu ye-short-circuit okanye utshintshe indawo yetephu ye-transformer ukulungelelanisa i-voltage ye-short-circuit ye-transformer, ukuze umthamo we-parallel-operated transformer ube ngokupheleleyo. isetyenzisiwe.

(4) Ubungakanani bomthamo awugqithisi i-3/1: Ngenxa yokwahlukana okukhulu kwi-impedance ye-transformers enamandla ahlukeneyo, ukuhanjiswa komthwalo kungalingani kakhulu. Ngexesha elifanayo, ngokwembono yokusebenza, abaguquli abancinci abanako ukudlala indima yokulondoloza, ngoko ke umthamo womthamo akufanele udlule i-3. / 1. Nangona kunjalo, umlinganiselo wesikhundla unokuba mkhulu kune-3/1 xa zombini iziguquli zingagqithisi umthwalo olinganisiweyo.

32. Indlela yokwenza uhlolo olukhethekileyo kwi-transformers?

Impendulo: Xa i-short-circuit iphutha lenzeke kwinkqubo okanye utshintsho lwemozulu ngokukhawuleza lwenzeka, abasebenzi bomsebenzi kufuneka baqhube uhlolo olukhethekileyo kwi-transformer kunye nezixhobo ezincedisayo. Amanqaku aphambili ohlolo ngala:

(1) Xa i-short-circuit iphutha lenzeka kwinkqubo, inkqubo ye-transformer kufuneka ihlolwe ngokukhawuleza ukuqhuma, ukuchithwa, ukuchithwa, ukuguqulwa, iphunga elivuthayo, ilahleko evuthayo, i-flashover, i-pyrotechnics kunye ne-injection fuel.

(2) Kwimozulu yekhephu, kufuneka ukhangele ukuba ngaba iinqununu ezikhokelayo ze-transformer zine-phenomenon yokunyibilika ngokukhawuleza kwekhephu eliwayo okanye ukukhuphuka kwegesi, nokuba kukho ikhephu okanye i-icicles kwiindawo zokuqhuba.

(3) Kwimozulu enomoya, jonga ujingi olulothe nokuba akukho nkunkuma kusini na.

(4) Kwimozulu yesiphango, jonga ukuba ingaba i-porcelain bushing inayo na (olu hlolo kufuneka lwenziwe nakwimozulu enenkungu), kunye nesenzo somshicileli wokukhupha isishicileli.

(5) Xa iqondo lokushisa litshintsha ngokukhawuleza, khangela ukuba izinga leoli kunye nobushushu be-oyile ye-transformer buyinto eqhelekileyo, kwaye ingaba iingcingo kunye nokudibanisa kwamalungu okwandisa akhubazekile okanye ashushu.

33. Uyilungisa njani itephu etshintshayo kunye nokutshintsha itephu elayishiweyo?

Impendulo: Umtshintshi wempompo we-transformer wahlulwe waba ziindidi ezimbini: i-tap-changer engalayishwanga kunye ne-tap-changer yokulayisha. Oku kulandelayo kuqala kwazisa iindawo zogcino lwetephu-itshintshi yomthwalo:

(1) Shenxela umkhono wephepha ogqume umphandle wetephu etshintshayo ubheke phezulu, khangela onke amalungu etephu etshintshayo, ukuba ngaba iilothe, ukugquma kunye nokuwelda zikwimeko elungileyo, nokuba amalungu ashushu ngokugqithisileyo. Ukuba isiphene sincinci, sinokusingathwa ngokuthe ngqo; ukuba kukho ukungaphumeleli okunzulu, kufuneka ichithwe okanye itshintshwe.

(2) Cofa ngesandla okanye ujonge uxinzelelo phakathi koqhagamshelwano lokutshintsha itephu kunye nekholamu yoqhagamshelwano ngoncedo lwesixhobo. Uxinzelelo kufuneka ngokubanzi lube yi-0.25-0.5Mpa, kwaye nayiphi na indawo yokutshintsha kufuneka ibe nonxibelelwano oluhle. Ngexesha lokugcinwa, gxininise ekujongeni iindawo zokutshintsha ezihlala zisebenza ukuze zibone ukuba zigqithise kakhulu kwaye ingaba indawo yentsimbi itshiswe okanye iguqulwe umbala. Ukuba impompo inesi siganeko, kwaye akukho nxalenye esecaleni yokutshintsha okwethutyana, inokuqhutywa nabanye abafowunelwa bempompo ngokweemeko zokusebenza, okanye unxibelelwano lwetephu yokusebenza lunokuthi ludityaniswe okwethutyana ukuze lube ludibaniso oluzinzileyo, kwaye emva koko. zitshintshwe xa kukho iindawo ezisecaleni. phinda usebenze. Ukutshisa kwindawo yentsimbi kaninzi kubangelwa ukudibanisa okungcolileyo okanye ukudibanisa kakubi. Inokubuyiselwa kwimeko yokusebenza eqhelekileyo ngokusula okanye ukugaya; ukuba oonxibelelwano batshiswa kakhulu kwaye abanako ukulungiswa, kufuneka batshintshwe.

(3) Khangela ukuba ngaba ulungiso lulonke lomatshini wetephu luqinile, ukuba isixhobo salo sokusebenza sibhetyebhetye kusini na, nokuba izikhonkwane ze-lever shaft esebenzayo ziphelele kwaye zithembekile.

(4) Sebenzisa ibhulorho yokulinganisa ukuchasana okuncinci ukuvavanya ukuchasana koqhagamshelwano kwindawo nganye yokutshintsha, ekufuneka ngokubanzi ihlangabezane neemfuno zobugcisa ezingaphantsi kwe-500 microohms; ukuba kufunyenwe ukuba ukuchasana koqhagamshelwano lwenxalenye ethile akuhambelani nomgangatho, izizathu kufuneka zifunyenwe kwaye kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo ukuyilungisa. phelisa.

Emva kokugqiba uhlolo olungentla, ukuphelisa iziphene kunye nokuqhuba iimvavanyo eziyimfuneko, umtshintshi wempompo unokufakwa kwindawo yokusebenza echazwe kwangaphambili, engasayi kutshintshwa, kwaye irekhodi yokuvavanya kwesi sikhundla inokwenziwa.

Okwangoku, ii-transformers ezinolawulo lombane womthwalo oveliswe kwilizwe lethu zineentlobo ezimbini zokutshintsha impompo: i-reactive and resistive. I-tap-changer esebenzayo ifumaneka kwitanki enye kunye nomzimba we-transformer. Umtshintshi wempompo ochasayo ngokuqhelekileyo itanki yeoli encinci ngokuzimeleyo ebekwe kwi-oyile ye-transformer yokubeka isixhobo sokutshintsha. Itanki encinci yeoli ayixhunyiwe kwioli ye-transformer. Inovimba we-oyile, isixhobo sokuphefumla kunye nesilayidi segesi.

Oku kulandelayo kuthatha ukuchasana kwempompo yokutshintsha njengomzekelo ukubonisa amanqaku aphambili okutshintsha itephu etshintshayo:

(1) Vula isiciko esiphezulu setanki encinci yamafutha efakwe isixhobo sokutshintsha, kwaye ususe itephu yokudibanisa ucingo kunye neebholithi zokulungisa.

(2) Khupha isixhobo sokutshintsha itephu etshintshayo, jonga umgangatho wokuwelda wocingo olukhokelayo, nokuba uqhagamshelo lwebholithi lukhululekile na, nokuba kukho ukutsha kunye nobushushu obugqithisileyo obusebenza, nokuba ukugqunyelelwa kocingo olukhokelayo kuphelile. yonakele, nokuba ngaba ukuqhutyelwa koqhagamshelwano oluhambayo kunye noluzinzileyo lotshintshiselwano lulungile. , ngokucula okanye ngaphandle kokucula.

(3) Guqula igiya ngegiya, kwaye uvavanye ukuchasana komfowunelwa, kwaye ixabiso layo kufuneka libe ngaphantsi kwe-500 microohms.

(4) Khangela ukuba ukuxhathisa okusisigxina kwaphukile okanye konakaliswe, ukulinganisa ukuba ixabiso lokumelana nalo litshintshile, ukuba ipleyiti yokugquma yonakele, kwaye usebenzise i-megohmmeter ukulinganisa ukuxhathisa kwe-insulation yecandelo eliphilayo ekusebenzeni.

(5) Khangela ukuba i-shaft ejikelezayo kunye nepleyiti esisigxina ye-insulating plate ithembekile, ingaba umthombo wokugcina amandla wecandelo elijikelezayo lomatshini laphukile, nokuba iindawo zomatshini ezifana ne-shaft yokuhambisa kunye nezikhonkwane ziwisiwe kwaye zonakaliswe, kwaye nokuba amazinyo ezixhobo zeentshulube kunye nentshulube zinxitywe ngokugqithisileyo. .

(6) I-motor ebuyiselwa umva kufuneka ichithwe kwaye ilungiswe.

(7) Ioli kwitanki encinci yeoli itshiswa yi-arc ngenxa yokutshintsha okuninzi kwesixhobo sokutshintsha, okubangelwa yi-carbon particles. Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kokutshabalalisa ubushushu kunye nokusebenza kwe-insulation ye-oyile, i-oyile eyonakeleyo kufuneka itshintshwe ngexesha, kwaye ngaphambi kokuba i-oyile entsha itofwe, itanki yeoli kufuneka ijongwe ukuba ayinamanzi kwaye ivuza, kunye nongcoliseko kunye nobutyobo. Umphantsi wetanki kufuneka ususwe ngexesha elifanayo.

Emva kokuba ukugcinwa kugqityiwe, kufuneka kuhlanganiswe ngexesha, kwaye emva koko uvavanyo lwamandla ombane kunye novavanyo lokutshintsha umtshini wempompo kufuneka lwenziwe. Ukuze ungavumeli iindawo zibe manzi, umtshintshi-mpompo akufanele abonakale emoyeni ixesha elide.

34. Zeziphi izinto zokuhlolwa komtshini wempompo?

Impendulo: (1) Isalathisi sombane kufuneka sibe phakathi koluhlu lokutenxa kombane;

(2) Isalathisi samandla somlawuli sibonisa eqhelekileyo;

(3) Isalathisi sendawo yempompo kufuneka singachanekanga;

(4) Inqanaba leoli, umbala we-oyile, i-absorber yeqondo lokushisa kunye ne-desiccant yayo ye-oyile yokutshintsha itephu zonke ziqhelekileyo;

(5) Makungabikho kuvuza kweoli kuzo zonke iindawo zokutshintsha impompo kunye nezixhobo zayo;

(6) Ikhawuntara isebenza ngokuqhelekileyo, kwaye inani lotshintsho lwempompo lirekhodwa ngexesha;

(7) Umbindi webhokisi yomatshini womatshini kufuneka ucoceke, umgangatho we-oyile yokuthambisa kufuneka ube yesiqhelo, ucango lwebhokisi yomatshini kufuneka luvalwe ngci, lukhuseleke ukufuma, lungangenwa luthuli, kwaye luvalwe kakuhle kwizilwanyana ezincinci;

(8) Isifudumezi-ndawo esitshintsha impompo kufuneka sibekwimo elungileyo kwaye sitshintshe ngexesha njengoko kufuneka.

35. Yintoni ukuhlolwa kunye nokugcinwa kokutshintsha?

Impendulo: (1) Khangela ukuba izibophelelo zikhululekile na;

(2) Khangela ukuba umthombo ongundoqo, intlakohlaza ebuyayo kunye nozipho lwesixhobo esikhawulezayo sikhubazekile okanye sophukile;

(3) Khangela ukuba ngaba ucingo olulukiweyo oluthambileyo loqhagamshelwano ngalunye lunemisonto eyaphukileyo;

(4) Khangela iqondo lokutshisa uqhagamshelwano oluhambayo kunye noluzinzileyo lokutshintsha;

(5) Khangela ukuba ukuchasana kwenguqu kwaphukile, kwaye ulinganise ukuxhathisa kwe-DC ngaxeshanye. Xa kuthelekiswa nedatha kwi-nameplate yemveliso, ixabiso lokuphambuka kwexabiso lokumelana alikho ngaphezu kwe- +/-10%;

(6) Ukulinganisa ukuchasana kwe-loop phakathi kwendawo yokukhokela enye, kabini kunye nokungathathi hlangothi kwesigaba ngasinye, kunye nexabiso lokumelana kufuneka lihlangabezane neemfuno;

(7) Ukulinganisa ulandelelwano lwesenzo sokutshintsha abafowunelwa abahambahambayo kunye ne-static, kwaye zonke izenzo zokulandelelana kufuneka zihlangabezane neemfuno zobugcisa bemveliso.

36. Ukuqhuba njani ukuhlolwa kwangaphandle kwi-transformer ekusebenzeni?

A: Ukuhlolwa kwangaphandle kwe-transformer kunokwenziwa ngaphandle kokungaphumeleli kwamandla, kwaye into engaqhelekanga ye-transformer inokufumaneka ngexesha. Ngokubanzi, ezi zinto zilandelayo kufuneka zibonwe ngexesha lokuhlolwa:

(1) Umbala we-oyile kwi-oyile yomcamelo we-oyile kunye ne-oyile egcwele i-oyile (ukuba isakhiwo se-oyile egcwele i-oyile sifanelekile ukuhlolwa), izinga leoli, kunye nokuba kukho ukukhupha okanye ukuvuza; ingaba kukho amanzi kumqokeleli wodaka womqamelo weoyile Kwaye ukungcola, ukuba kukho, kufuneka kukhutshwe ngokuvula iplagi ephantsi.

(2) Ingaba i-bushing ye-transformer icocekile, ingaba kukho ukuqhekeka, ukukhutshelwa kokukhutshwa kunye nezinye izinto ezingaqhelekanga.

(3) Ubume bengxolo yesiguquli, nokuba isandi siyenyuka, nokuba kukho nasiphi na isandi esitsha esingaqhelekanga.

(4) Ingaba ukumiselwa kwetanki yeoli yesiguquli kukwimeko entle.

(5) Ingaba iintambo kunye neebhasi zebhasi aziqhelekanga.

(6) Ingaba ukusebenza kwesixhobo sokupholisa kuyinto eqhelekileyo.

(7) Iqondo lokushisa kweoli ye-transformer liphezulu okanye liphantsi.

(8) Ingaba idiaphragm yombhobho ongagqabhukiyo igqityiwe; ingaba i-desiccant kwi-absorber yomswakama ithatha umswakama kwindawo egcweleyo.

(9) Jonga inqanaba le-oyile yesilayidi segesi nokuba i-accelerator ivuliwe.

(10) Ukuba i-transformer ifakwe ngaphakathi, khangela ukuba iingcango kunye neefestile zilungile, ingaba indlu iyavuza, ingaba ukukhanya kokukhanyisa kwanele, kwaye ubushushu begumbi bufanelekile.

Ukongezelela, ngokweempawu zesakhiwo se-transformer, ezinye izinto ezinxulumene nazo zinokujongwa.

37. Ziziphi izinto zokuhlola kwi-transformer engundoqo, i-unit transformer kunye ne-startup transformer esebenzayo?

1) Ukushisa kwemoya kunye nokushisa kweoli

2) Inqanaba leoli lomqamelo weoli

3) Ukusebenza kwesixhobo sokuphefumula

4) Ixabiso le-Hydrogen esweni

5) Ingaba umzimba unokungcangcazela okungaqhelekanga, isandi kunye nevumba

I-6) Ingaba kukho i-seepage kunye nokuvuza kweoli kwindawo nganye ye-transformer

7) Inqanaba leoli le-high-voltage bushing liqhelekileyo, i-skirt ilungile, kwaye akukho nto inzima yokukhutshwa.

I-8) Ipompo yeoli kunye ne-fan ye-cooler isebenza ngokuqhelekileyo, kwaye isalathisi sokuhamba kweoli sichanekile

I-9) Iphaneli yokulawula yendawo ivalwe kakuhle kwaye ikhululekile kwi-deformation, kwaye i-peep glass ilungile

10) Iqokobhe leTransformer, isibambisi, kunye nesixhobo sokumisa esingathathi hlangothi sikwimeko entle

I-11) I-skirt ye-porcelain skirt ikwimeko efanelekileyo, kwaye ingaba ixabiso lerejista litshintshile

12) Qala ukutshintsha i-oyile ye-oyile ye-high-voltage egcwele i-oyile

38. Indlela yokwenza uhlolo olukhethekileyo kwi-transformers?

Impendulo: Xa i-short-circuit iphutha lenzeke kwinkqubo okanye utshintsho lwemozulu ngokukhawuleza lwenzeka, abasebenzi bomsebenzi kufuneka baqhube uhlolo olukhethekileyo kwi-transformer kunye nezixhobo ezincedisayo. Amanqaku aphambili ohlolo ngala:

I-1) Xa i-short-circuit iphutha lenzeka kwinkqubo, inkqubo ye-transformer kufuneka ihlolwe ngokukhawuleza ukuqhuma, ukuchithwa, ukuchithwa, ukuguqulwa, iphunga elitshisiweyo, ilahleko evuthayo, i-flashover, i-pyrotechnics kunye ne-injection fuel.

I-2) Kwimozulu yekhephu, kufuneka uhlolisise ukuba ngaba iinqununu ezikhokelayo ze-transformer zine-phenomenon ye-snow melting okanye i-evaporation ngokukhawuleza, nokuba kukho ikhephu okanye i-icicles kwiindawo eziqhubayo.

3) Kwimozulu enomoya, khangela i-lead swing kunye nokuba kukho nayiphi na inkunkuma.

4) Kwimozulu yezulu elidumayo, khangela ukuba i-porcelain bushing ine-dicharge flashover (olu vavanyo kufuneka luqhutywe nakwimozulu yenkungu), kunye nesenzo somshicileli wokukhupha irekhodi.

5) Xa iqondo lokushisa litshintsha ngokukhawuleza, khangela ukuba izinga leoli kunye neoli ye-oyile ye-transformer iyinto eqhelekileyo, kwaye ingaba iingcingo kunye nokudibanisa kwamalungu okwandisa aphazamisekile okanye ashushu.

39. Zeziphi izinto zokuhlolwa kweziguquli zodidi olomileyo?

1) Ubushushu bomoya

2) Ingaba kukho ukungcangcazela okungaqhelekanga, isandi kunye nevumba

2) Umnyango wegumbi le-transformer ukwimeko efanelekileyo

40. Zeziphi izinto zokuhlolwa kwe-electrostatic precipitator rectifier transformer kunye ne-first-level cycle transformer?

1) Ukushisa kweoli ye-transformer

2) Inqanaba leoli lomqamelo weoli

3) Umbala we-desiccant kwi-respirator uyinto eqhelekileyo

4) Ingaba umzimba unokungcangcazela okungaqhelekanga, isandi kunye nevumba

5) Ingaba kukho ukuvuza kweoli kwindawo nganye ye-transformer

6) Igobolondo ye-transformer isekelwe kakuhle

7) Ingaba kukho ukuvuza kwamanzi kunye ne-sundries esongela ukhuseleko malunga ne-transformer

41. Uyilungisa njani itephu etshintshayo kunye nokutshintsha itephu elayishiweyo?

Impendulo: Umtshintshi wempompo we-transformer wahlulwe waba ziindidi ezimbini: i-tap-changer engalayishwanga kunye ne-tap-changer yokulayisha. Oku kulandelayo kuqala kwazisa iindawo zogcino lwetephu-itshintshi yomthwalo:

I-1) Hambisa i-sleeve ye-insulating yephepha egubungela umphandle we-tap-changer phezulu, khangela zonke iindawo ze-tap-changer, ukuba ngaba i-lead, i-insulation kunye ne-welding ikwimeko efanelekileyo, kwaye ingaba i-joints ishushu kakhulu. Ukuba isiphene sincinci, sinokusingathwa ngokuthe ngqo; ukuba kukho ukungaphumeleli okunzulu, kufuneka ichithwe okanye itshintshwe.

2) Cinezela ngesandla okanye ujonge uxinzelelo phakathi koqhagamshelwano lokutshintsha itephu kunye nekholamu yoqhagamshelwano ngoncedo lwesixhobo, uxinzelelo kufuneka lube yi-0.25-0.5Mpa, kwaye nakuphi na ukusika

Amalungu okutshintsha kufuneka abe noqhagamshelwano olulungileyo. Ngexesha lokugcinwa, gxininise ekujongeni iindawo zokutshintsha ezihlala zisebenza ukuze zibone ukuba zigqithise kakhulu kwaye ingaba indawo yentsimbi itshiswe okanye iguqulwe umbala. Ukushisa ngokugqithiseleyo kuninzi ngenxa yokusebenza kwexesha elide loxinzelelo lwentwasahlobo yempompo yokutshintsha. , okubangelwa ukuncipha kwe-elasticity;

42. Nguwuphi umgaqo osetyenziselwa ukwenza i-transformer engundoqo, i-unit transformer kunye nokuqalisa i-transformer respirator efrijini?

Yenziwa ngokusebenzisa umgaqo wokupholisa i-thermoelectric yezixhobo ze-semiconductor

43. Yintoni i-split transformer kwaye yintoni i-coefficient yokwahlula kwe-split transformer? Umzi-mveliso uzisebenzisa phi ii-splint transformers?

Enye okanye iikhoyili ezininzi kwi-coil ye-transformer zihlulwe zibe ngamagatsha amaninzi angaxhunywanga omnye komnye, kwaye isebe ngalinye linokuqhuba ngokuzimeleyo okanye ngexesha elifanayo. Olu hlobo lwe-transformer lubizwa ngokuba yi-split transformer. Umlinganiselo we-impedance yokwahlula ukuya kwi-impedance ebizwa ngokuba yi-coefficient yokwahlula. I-unit transformer kunye ne-start-up transformer yefektri yethu zonke zisebenzisa i-split transformers.

44. Ziziphi iingenelo kunye nokungalunganga kwe-split transformers? Zingaphi iindlela zokusebenza ezikhoyo zokwahlula isiguquli?

I-1) Inokunyusa ngokufanelekileyo i-impedance kunye nokunciphisa i-short-circuit current kwi-low-voltage side, ngoko ke i-switchgear elula kunye neentambo zingakhethwa ukugcina utyalo-mali.

2) Xa i-transformer yokwahlukana isebenza, xa enye i-coil ye-low-voltage ifutshane, i-voltage ye-busbar yenye i-coil ye-low-voltage iyancipha kakhulu, enokugcina ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo.

3) Xa umthwalo wekhoyili enye ye-voltage ephantsi utshintsha, ukuguquguquka kombane oqhelekileyo webhasi akunampembelelo kwenye i-coil low-voltage.

45. Iyintoni indima ye-transformer engundoqo, i-transformer ephezulu yokutyala kunye nokuqalisa i-transformer?

Umsebenzi we-transformer ephambili kukunyusa umbane ophumayo wejeneretha kwaye uthumele amandla ombane kwinkqubo yamandla kubasebenzisi benkqubo.

Umsebenzi wokutshintsha ubude besityalo kukunciphisa amandla ombane ophumayo wejenereyitha kunye nokuthumela amandla ombane kwinkqubo yesityalo ukubonelela ngomthwalo wesityalo.

Umsebenzi we-transformer yokuqala kukunciphisa i-voltage yenkqubo kunye nokuthumela amandla ombane kwinkqubo yefektri ukubonelela umthwalo wefektri, osetyenziswa xa iyunithi iqala, imisa okanye inengozi.

46. ​​Zeziphi iziqulatho zogcino lwesixhobo sokupholisa i-transformer?

1) Qwalasela impompo ye-oyile yokupholisa kunye nenjini yefeni (kubandakanya isandi, ukuvuza, ukungcangcazela, ukujikeleza kwe-oyile egudileyo kunye nokuba iblade yefeni yonakele, njl. njl.), kwaye uyigcine.

2) Khangela kwaye uhlambulule isiphaluka sokusebenza kwesixhobo sokupholisa kunye nokuguquguquka kwesixhobo sokuqala sokumisa ngokuzenzekelayo ukuphelisa iziphene ezikhoyo.

Coca ngokucokisekileyo imibhobho yeradiyetha epholileyo.

4) Jonga imitha yesixhobo sokupholisa.

47. Ukulahleka kwe-short-circuit ye-transformer kubhekiselele kuyo?

Ukulahlekelwa komthwalo we-transformer okungekho mthwalo uhlukaniswe kwindawo esebenzayo kunye nenxalenye esebenzayo. Inxalenye esebenzayo yilahleko eveliswayo xa ukuchasana kwe-primary and secondary windings ye-transformer kudlula ngoku; indawo esebenzayo ikakhulu yilahleko ebangelwa kukuvuza.

48. I-current unbalanced current ye-transformer ibhekiselele kuyo? Yintoni unobangela?

Umbane ongenakulinganiswa we-transformer ubhekisela kumahluko okhoyo phakathi kwee-windings zesigaba sesithathu. Isizathu esona sizathu kukuba imithwalo yesigaba sesithathu ayifani.

49. Ziziphi izinto ezichaphazela ukushisa kweoli ye-transformer?

Izinto ezichaphazela ubushushu be-oyile ye-transformer ziquka ubungakanani bomthwalo, inqanaba lobushushu bomoya, indlela yokupholisa kunye namandla okupholisa, ukuguda kwesekethe yeoli kunye nobungakanani beoyile, kunye nobukhulu bomphezulu wokushisa ubushushu. udonga lwebhokisi.

50. Yintoni i-chromatography yegesi?

I-chromatography yegesi luhlobo olutsha lwendlela yokuhlalutya yokwahlukana kwe-physicochemical ephuhliswe ngokukhawuleza kumaxesha anamhlanje. Kwinkqubo yokuhlalutya, igesi isetyenziswe njengerhasi yokuthwala ukwahlula iigesi ezixubeneyo ezineempawu ezahlukeneyo eziza kuhlalutywa kwaye emva koko ngokomgangatho kunye nobungakanani. Igama elipheleleyo lolu hlalutyo libizwa ngokuba yi-gas chromatography.

51. Kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeempazamo, zeziphi iigesi zempawu eziqulethwe kumacandelo egesi?

Kwimpazamo yokukhupha, inxalenye yegesi iqulethe inani elithile le-acetylene; isinyithi esingenanto sigqithise, kwaye icandelo legesi liqulethe igesi enkulu ye-hydrocarbon kunye ne-carbon monoxide encinci kunye ne-carbon dioxide; ukusilela kobushushu obuqinileyo bobushushu, ukongeza kwisizukulwana se-hydrogen kunye negesi ye-hydrocarbon, Ngokukodwa i-carbon monoxide kunye ne-carbon dioxide components.

52. Indlela yokubala ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-transformer? Yintoni enxulumene nayo?

Impendulo: Umahluko phakathi kwamandla okuphuma kwe-transformer kunye negunya lokufaka libizwa ngokuba yilahleko yamandla (η) ye-transformer, kunye nefomula yokubala kwayo.

η=P2/P1×100%

apho iP1 ingamandla egalelo, iikilowatts;

I-P2 yimveliso yamandla, iikilowatts.

Umahluko phakathi kwamandla okufaka kunye negunya lokukhupha i-transformer ibizwa ngokuba yilahleko yamandla e-transformer, oko kukuthi, isamba sokulahlekelwa kobhedu kunye nokulahleka kwentsimbi, kunye nefomula yokubala.

P1=P2+△Pti+△Pto

apho △i-Pti ilahleko yentsimbi yesiguquli;

△I-Pto yilahleko yobhedu yesiguquli.

Ngoko η= P2/P1×100%= P2/(P2+△Pti+△Pto)×100%

Xa i-voltage ihleli, ilahleko yentsimbi ihlala njalo, ngoko ukusebenza kwe-transformer kuhambelana nokulahleka kobhedu, kunye nokulahleka kobhedu.

△Pto=I12R1+I22R2

 apho i-I1R1 i-high-voltage side yangoku kunye ne-high-voltage winding resistance resistance, ngokulandelanayo;

I-I2R2 yi-low-voltage side yangoku kunye ne-low-voltage winding resistance, ngokulandelanayo.

Ngale ndlela, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-transformer kuhambelana nobukhulu kunye nendalo yomthwalo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-transformer kuphezulu kakhulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-95-99%). Kwi-transformer efanayo, xa umthwalo uncinci, ukusebenza kakuhle kuphantsi; xa umthwalo umalunga ne-60% yexabiso elilinganisiweyo, ukusebenza kakuhle kuphezulu.

53. Indlela yokubala isigaba kunye nomgca wangoku kunye nesigaba kunye nomgca we-voltage ye-transformer?

Impendulo: Ngoku i-10/0.4kV, Y/Y0-12 iingcingo, umthamo olinganisiweyo yi-400kV. Ukuthatha i-transformer njengomzekelo, i-voltage yesigaba kunye nelayini ibalwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

Se=√3 UeIe okanye iSe=3UφIφ

Kwifomula: I-Se ngumthamo olinganisiweyo we-transformer, i-KVA. I-Ue yi-voltage yomgca, i-KV. Oko kukuthi umgca wangoku, i-A. Uφ yi-voltage yesigaba, i-V. Iφ yinqanaba langoku, i-A.

Inokubonwa kule fomula ingentla ukuba:

Umgca wokuqala wangoku Ie1=Se/(√3 Ue)=400/(√3×10)=23.1(A)

Ekubeni ludibaniso olufana no-Y, isigaba kunye nemisinga yomgca iyalingana, oko kukuthi, Ie=Iφ, isigaba sokuqala sangoku Iφ1=23.1 (A),

Umbane womgca wokuqala = 10KV.

Amandla ombane wesigaba sokuqala: Uφ1= Ue1/√3 =10/√3 =5.8(KV)

Umgca wesibini wangoku ngu: Ie2 = Se/(√3)=400/(√3×0.4)=578(A)

Inqanaba lesibini langoku: Iφ2=Ie2=578 (A)

Umbane womgca wesibini ngu: Ue2=400 (V)

Umbane wesigaba sesibini ngu: Uφ2= Ue2/√3 =400/√3 =231(V).

54. I-transformer enemodeli ye-SFPL-120000/220, i-voltage ephezulu yecala le-voltage yi-242 + 2 × 2.5% KV, i-voltage ephantsi yokulinganisa i-voltage ye-voltage yi-10.5KV, kunye neqela lomgca yi-YO / △-11, fumana amacala ombane aphezulu naphantsi Yintoni inqanaba langoku langoku?

Isisombululo: I1X=I1e=Se/(√3 U1e)=120000/(√3 ×242)=286(A)

(Icala lombane ophezulu yindlela yocingo ye-YO)

I2X= I2e/√3 = ISe/(√3 U2e/√3 )= Se/(3 U2e)=120000/(3×10.5)=3810(A)

apho:

I-I1X, i-I2X-ngokuhambelana nenqanaba lesigaba sangoku samacala aphezulu kunye naphantsi kwamandla ombane we-transformer (A)

I-I1e, i-I2e-ngokulandelelana kwamandla ombane aphezulu kunye namacala aphantsi we-transformer (A)

I-U1e, i-U2e-ngokulandelelana kwamandla ombane aphezulu kunye namacala aphantsi ombane we-transformer (A)

I-Se-umthamo olinganisiweyo we-transformer (KVA)

55. I-transformer eneqela le-wiring Y / △-11 isigaba sesithathu sinomthamo olinganisiweyo we-121KV / 10.5KV kunye nomthamo we-120000KVA. Ithini ireyithi yangoku yamacala ombane aphezulu naphantsi? Ukuba i-wiring itshintshelwe kwi-Y / Y-12, ngaba umthamo utshintshile? Ngeli xesha, yintoni i-current rated current ye-low-voltage side, kwaye yintoni i-voltage elinganisiweyo?

Isisombululo: Xa Y/△-11:

Se=√3 I1e U1e

I1e=Se/(√3 U1e)=120000/(√3×121)≈573(A)

Ekubeni i-transformer isebenza kakuhle, ingabonwa njengelahleko kule khompyutha, oko kukuthi.

Se=√3 I2e U2e

I2e=Se/(√3 U2e)=120000/(√3×10.5)=6600(A)

Xa i-wiring iguqulwa ibe yi-Y / Y-12, amandla ayo ahlala engatshintshi.

Xa utshintshela kuY/Y-12:

U'2e=√3 U2e=√3 ×10.5=18.2(KV)

Xa i-Y-connection isetyenzisiweyo, i-voltage yomgca i-√3 amaxesha ombane wesigaba

I'2e=Se/(√3 U'2e)=120000/(√3 ×√3 ×10.5)=3810(A)

I-Se-umthamo olinganisiweyo we-transformer (KVA)

I1e, I2e—ngokulandelelanayo umlinganiselo wangoku wamacala ombane aphezulu naphantsi we-transformer kwi-Y/△-11 (A)

I-U1e, i-U2e-ngokulandelelana kwamandla ombane aphezulu kunye namacala aphantsi ombane we-transformer xa i-Y/△-11 (A)

I-I'2e, i-U'2e-ngokulandelelanayo i-current rated (A) kunye ne-voltage elinganisiweyo (A) yamacala aphezulu kunye aphantsi ombane we-transformer Y / Y-12.

Umthombo: I-Intanethi

• Unyakakelwe
  --
• Uhlobo lweshishini
  --
• Ilizwe / Ingingqi
  --
• Ishishini eliphambili
  --
• Iimveliso eziphambili
  --
• Ishishini lomntu osemthethweni
  --
• Abasebenzi bazonke
  --
• Ixabiso lokuphuma lonyaka
  --
• Ukuthengisa ngaphandle
  --
• Abathengi abasebenzayo
  --