ICanwin iyiNkampani Yokuguqula Amandla Kagesi & Umkhiqizi Wesiguquli Kagesi
Ulimi
ICanwin iyiNkampani Yokuguqula Amandla Kagesi & Umkhiqizi Wesiguquli Kagesi
1. Usho ukuthini u-△/Y0-11 ku-nameplate yesiguquli?
Impendulo: Ngokwezindlela ezihlukene zokuxhuma ikhoyili eyinhloko kanye nekhoyili yesibili ye-transformer, i-angle yesigaba se-voltage yomugqa ohlangothini oluyinhloko kanye nohlangothi lwesibili lwe-transformer luhlukile. I-Transformer △/ Y0-11 isho ukuthi umehluko we-engeli yesigaba phakathi kwama-voltage emigqa emibili ye-transformer ngu-330°. Kuyisiko ukusebenzisa iwashi notation, okungukuthi, 11 ezimpondweni.
2. Kuvame ukuba namakhoyili amabili noma ngaphezulu endaweni yokuqala neyesibili yesiguquli samandla. Nangabe umaki we-polarity end yekhoyili ilahleka, iyiphi indlela engasetshenziswa ukuyibona?
Impendulo: I-polarity end efanayo yekhoyili ngayinye yesiguquli samandla ngokuvamile imakwa ngophawu "*". Uma umaka ungekho, ungakhonjwa ngezindlela zokuhlola. Okokuqala xhuma ikhoyili eyodwa ye-low-voltage kanye nesiphetho senye ikhoyili ye-low-voltage, bese uxhuma noma iyiphi ikhoyili enamandla kagesi, bese usebenzisa i-voltmeter ukukala i-voltage emaphethelweni amabili asele amakhoyili amabili ane-low-voltage. . Uma i-voltage elinganisiwe iyisamba sezintambo zamakhoyili amabili aphansi-voltage, kubonisa ukuthi iziphetho ezimbili ezixhunyiwe aziyona i-polarity efanayo. Uma i-voltage elinganisiwe ingumehluko phakathi kokubili, kubonisa ukuthi iziphetho ezimbili ezixhunyiwe ziyi-polarity efanayo. Indlela yokuhlonza i-polarity yekhoyili yamandla kagesi aphezulu inganqunywa ngendlela efanayo.
3. Uma i-voltage yokufaka ye-transformer inkulu kakhulu kune-voltage elinganisiwe, uzoba yini umthelela ku-transformer?
Impendulo: Ngokuvamile, ubukhulu be-magnetic flux ye-transformer buphezulu ngesikhathi esilinganiselwe, futhi umgogodla wensimbi usuvele ugcwele; uma i-voltage yokufaka inkulu kakhulu kune-voltage elinganiselwe, izobangela ukuthi umgogodla wensimbi ugcwale ngokweqile, ukuze i-waveform ye-voltage ephumayo izokhubazeka, ukuze iqukethe i-voltage enkulu ye-oda eliphezulu. Izingxenye ze-Harmonic, zenza ukuphakama kwe-voltage okukhiphayo kwenyuke futhi kwenze ukuthi ikhoyili yonakale kalula. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukwanda kwe-magnetic flux density kwandisa ukulahlekelwa kwensimbi, futhi i-no-load yamanje iyanda ngokufanele, okwenza i-transformer ishise futhi ithinte isici samandla wegridi yamandla. Ngakho-ke, i-voltage yokufaka ye-transformer ngokuvamile ayivunyelwe ukudlula i-5% ye-voltage elinganisiwe.
4. I-transformer iyisisetshenziswa sikagesi esimile, kodwa sizokwenza umsindo ozwakalayo ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ngani?
Impendulo: Uma ikhoyili ye-transformer ixhunywe ku-50 Hz alternating current, i-50 Hz magnetic flux nayo ikhiqizwa engxenyeni yensimbi. Ngenxa yoshintsho lwe-flux kazibuthe, ishidi lensimbi ye-silicon ye-iron core nalo lidlidliza ngokufanele, futhi noma liboshwe, umsindo ovungamayo wokudlidliza okungu-50 Hz uzokwenziwa. Kodwa uma nje umsindo ungashubi futhi ingekho eminye imisindo, kujwayelekile.
5. Kungani amabhawodi okubamba ama- through-core we-transformer core kufanele afakwe phakathi?
Impendulo: I-iron core ye-transformer yakhiwe ngamashidi ensimbi ye-silicon. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahleka kwamanje kwe-eddy yensimbi, amashidi ensimbi ye-silicon afakwa komunye nomunye. Uma i-iron core ngokusebenzisa ibhawudi ingafakwanga kumongo wensimbi, nakanjani izobangela isifunda esifushane kubhawodi, okuzokwandisa ukulahleka kwamanje kwe-iron core eddy.
6. Kungani ama-windings kuma-transformer amakhulu emise okwediski esikhundleni somphongolo?
Impendulo: Ngenxa yokuthi i-short-circuit current ye-transformer enkulu inkulu, ukucindezeleka okukhiqizwa yi-short-circuit nakho kukhulu, futhi izisekelo ezengeziwe zingangezwa ku-disc winding ukuze kuvinjelwe ikhoyili ukuthi ingaguquki. Ama-transformer amakhulu akhiqiza ukushisa okwengeziwe, amaphaseji kawoyela amaningi kuma-disc windings, kanye nokushabalaliswa kokushisa okungcono, kuyilapho ama-barrel windings anezikhala zikawoyela kuphela phakathi kwama-voltage aphezulu naphansi, ngakho-ke ukuchithwa kokushisa kubi. Ngakho-ke, ama-windings ama-transformer amakhulu wonke amise okwe-disc.
7. Kungani kufanele aguqulwe amakhoyili ama-transformer anamandla amakhulu?
Impendulo: Isizathu sokuthi ikhoyili ye-transformer enamandla amakhulu idinga ukuguqulwa yilesi: ① Ngoba ikhoyili yalolu hlobo lwesiguquli ivamise ukulinyazwa ngezintambo ezimbalwa ngokuhambisana, ngoba ububanzi bekhoyili bukhulu, ubude bekhoyili Izintambo zangaphakathi nezingaphandle zihluke kakhulu, ngakho-ke ubude bezintambo zocingo ngalunye buyahlukahluka. Ukushintshashintsha kungenza ubude bentambo ngayinye bufane ukuze kuqinisekwe ukulingana kokumelana namakhoyili. ②Amakhondaktha wemibuthano yangaphakathi nengaphandle anamanani ahlukene okusabela ngenxa yezindawo ezihlukene zenkundla kazibuthe. I-Transposition yilapho izintambo zibekwe ngendlela efanayo endaweni kazibuthe ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahlekelwa okwengeziwe kukhoyili.
8. Amakhoyili e-transformer wonke acwiliswa emafutheni e-transformer, ngakho-ke ingabe amakhoyili e-transformer angeke afakwe epende?
Impendulo: I-insulation ye-transformer ingxenye yephepha, amakhadibhodi, intambo kakotini, njll., futhi ukusebenza kwayo kwe-insulation kuyathuthukiswa ngemva kokucwiliswa emafutheni. Ngakho-ke, kuphela ngokombono wezidingo zokufakelwa kwe-transformer, i-transformer ingacwiliswa emafutheni e-transformer ngemva kokumisa i-vacuum, engafinyelela i-voltage ephezulu yokushisa. Kodwa-ke, ngemva kokuba ikhoyili ye-transformer ifakwe ngopende, ifilimu yepende ihlanganisa ikhoyili, okwandisa amandla omshini, futhi ukuqhutshwa kukagesi kopende okhulelwe owenziwe ukwelashwa kuyanda, okuthuthukisa ukuchithwa kokushisa kwe-transformer. Ukusebenza kwe-insulation kuphinde kuthuthukiswe ngemva kokucwiliswa. Ngakho-ke, kusukela ezidingweni eziphelele, ikhoyili ye-transformer kufanele ifakwe ngopende.
9. Kungani idivayisi yokuxhumana eguquguqukayo ifakwe phakathi kokuxhumeka kwebha yebhasi ye-transformer porcelain bushings esiteshini?
Impendulo: Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ibha yebhasi ilungisiwe, futhi isikhundla se-transformer singase sihambe kancane ngenxa yesondlo nezinye izizathu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-busbar nayo inokusebenza kokunwetshwa kokushisa nokunciphisa. Ngemuva kokuthi idivayisi yokuxhuma eguquguqukayo ifakiwe, ibha yebhasi kanye ne-transformer ingaxhunywa. Lapho isikhundla esihlobene sishintsha kancane, ngeke kubangele ukucindezeleka okukhulu ukulimaza i-transformer porcelain bushing.
10. Kungani ompompi beziguquli zamandla bevamise ukufakwa ohlangothini lwamandla kagesi aphezulu, kuyilapho abanye befakwa ohlangothini lwe-low-voltage?
IMPENDULO: Njengoba uhlangothi oluphansi lwamanje lukhulu kakhulu kunohlangothi oluphezulu, indawo yocingo edingekayo empompini kanye nosayizi wokushintsha kompompi kufanele kukhuphuke ngokufanele. Ngale ndlela, akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi isixhumi esiholayo asihambisani, kodwa futhi indawo yokufaka kufanele yandiswe. Ikhoyili ye-low-voltage ye-iron-core transformer ingaphakathi, futhi kunzima ukukhipha impompi ohlangothini lwe-low-voltage. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inani lokuphenduka kwama-winding-voltage aphansi ngokuvamile lincane kunalelo lama-high-voltage windings. Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle uma i-voltage kampompi iyinani eliphelele le-voltage elengiwe yejika elilodwa, i-voltage kampompi ingathathwa ngendlela efanele. Ngakho-ke, ompompi bama-general power transformers bafakwa ohlangothini lwe-high-voltage.
11. Ingabe i-bushing engathathi hlangothi ye-transformer yamandla esetshenziswa ku-transformer yamandla kusistimu ye-grounding yamanje ephezulu ingasetshenziswa ngezinga eliphansi lokuhlukanisa?
Impendulo: Kuma-transformer kagesi asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezisezingeni eliphezulu zamanje, ulayini ongathathi hlangothi uhlala ugcinwe ku-zero (ngaphandle kwezimo ezithile zephutha), kodwa ngenxa yezidingo zemodi yokusebenza, awukwazi ukuxhumeka ngokuqondile emhlabathini, ngakho-ke. izinga eliphansi le-insulation lingasetshenziswa i-casing. Ukwenza kanjalo kunganciphisa izindleko. Kodwa ngemva kokwenza lokhu, i-transformer yamandla ayikwazi ukufakwa ngaphansi kokuvimbela ukuvimbela ukumelana nokuhlolwa kwe-voltage ngokusho kwezinga layo elilinganiselwe le-voltage, ngoba lapho ikhoyili icindezelwa, iphuzu elingathathi hlangothi kanye nentambo yokuhola inamandla afanayo. Ngakho-ke, ukwethembeka kwe-transformer akukwazi ukuhlolwa ngokugcwele ekuhlolweni kokuvimbela.
12. Kungani kufanele usebenzise amashubhu ayisicaba esikhundleni samashubhu ayindilinga kumapayipi okushisa ama-transformer kagesi?
Impendulo: Uma indawo yokushisa yokushisa ye-tube flat ilingana ne-tube eyindilinga, amafutha okuvikela afakwe ku-tube flat angaphansi kwe-tube nxazonke. Okusho ukuthi, ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela ngeyunithi ngayinye yendawo yokushisa yokushisa ye-tube flat ingaphansi kweshubhu eliyindilinga, okusho ukuthi, ithubhu eliyisicaba lingasebenzisa amafutha amancane kuneshubhu eliyindilinga ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela ofanayo wokushisa ukushisa. Ngakho-ke, amapayipi okushisa amanje asebenzisa amapayipi ayisicaba esikhundleni samapayipi ayindilinga.
13. Ukuze wengeze ukulahlekelwa kwamafutha e-transformer ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ingabe amamaki ahlukene kawoyela we-transformer angangezwa ngokungafanele ukuze asetshenziswe okuxubile?
Impendulo: Lapho i-transformer isebenza idinga ukwengezwa ngamafutha e-transformer, uhlobo lwamafutha asetshenziswe ku-transformer yasekuqaleni kufanele lubonakale kuqala, bese izinga elifanayo lamafutha e-transformer kufanele lengezwe, ngoba izinhlobo ezahlukene zamafutha e-transformer azikwazi ukuxubana. ngentando. Ngezinye izikhathi lapho amamaki amabili ahlukene e-transformer edinga ukuxutshwa (isibonelo, lapho uhlobo olufanayo lwamafutha lungatholakali), kubalulekile ukuqonda kuqala ukuthi izakhiwo zomzimba zamafutha amabili, njenge-gravity ethize, i-viscosity, indawo yokuqandisa. , iphoyinti elikhanyayo, njll., ziyefana. Khona-ke, yenza ukuhlolwa kokuzinza, okungukuthi, hlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili zamasampula kawoyela ngokwesilinganiso esidingekayo, uwafake esitsheni inyanga eyodwa ngemva kokuxutshwa, futhi ugcine uguquko; uma kungekho sediment eyakhiwe, futhi amafutha axubekile angafinyelela izinga likawoyela we-insulating. standard ingasetshenziswa.
14. Kungani isikhathi sokuchayeka ikhoyili singeke sibe side kakhulu lapho umgogodla wokumiswa kwe-transformer uhlolwa?
Impendulo: I-transformer core ikhishwe isikhathi eside. Ngenxa yokuthi i-insulating material yekhoyili inokusebenza okuqinile kokumunca umswakama, ukumuncwa kwenani elikhulu lomswakama emoyeni kuzonciphisa ukusebenza kwe-insulating. Ukuze uvimbele umswakama ukuthi ungangeni ku-transformer, izinga lokushisa lekhoyili lingenziwa liphakeme kunezinga lokushisa elizungezile lapho umgogodla wensimbi ukhishwa, futhi ukugcinwa kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi akufanelekile ukusebenza. uma lina. Ngokwemithethonqubo yemithetho yokusebenza kwe-transformer, isikhathi sokuhlala kwenhliziyo emoyeni yile: Amahora angu-16 esimweni sezulu esomile (umswakama ohlobene nomoya awudluli u-65%); Amahora angu-12 esimweni sezulu esimanzi (umswakama ohlobene nomoya aweqi ama-75%).
15. Kungani uwoyela we-insulating ungagcini nje ngokudinga amandla kagesi, kodwa futhi udinga inani le-asidi ukuthi lingadluli inani elithile?
Impendulo: Ngoba lapho inani le-asidi lidlula inani elithile, amafutha afaka i-insulating ku-transformer azogqwala i-medium eqinile, okungukuthi, i-insulating material, futhi abangele ukulimala kwezinto ezivimbelayo, okuzothinta kakhulu impilo ye-transformer. Lokhu akuvunyelwe.
16. Kungani kwamanye ama-transformer amakhulu, igebe lomcamelo kawoyela lixhunywe negebe lepayipi elingaqhumi?
Impendulo: Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuvimbela ipayipi elingaqhumi ukuthi lingalimazi ngenxa yokucindezela okukhulu komoya lapho izinga lokushisa le-transformer likhuphuka noma lehla ngobudlova; noma izinga likawoyela lepayipi elingaqhumi kanye nomcamelo wamafutha awufinyeleli ezingeni elifanayo, okubangela ukungasebenzi kahle kokudluliselwa kwegesi.
17. Uma ufaka i-transformer nge-relay ye-Buchholz, ingabe kufanele ifakwe ivundlile noma i-oblique?
Impendulo: Uma ufaka i-transformer nge-relay yegesi, kufanele ifakwe ngokugoqayo, futhi isiqondiso sokutsheka sinjengoba kuboniswe emfanekisweni, okungukuthi, ohlangothini lapho ukufakwa khona umcamelo wamafutha kufanele kube phezulu, ukuze ikhava ephezulu ibe ne umthambeka okhuphukayo ka-1-1.5% eduze komzila wokudluliswa kwegesi. Ngale ndlela, igesi ekhiqizwa ku-transformer ingagijima kalula emcamelweni wamafutha, ukuze ikhuthaze ukusebenza okulungile nokuthembekile kwe-relay yegesi.
18. I-Transformer, ikhoyili yayo yesibili inamawindi amabili, futhi i-polarity yayo ayaziwa. Manje ungakugwema kanjani ukujikeleza okufushane ngokuxhuma la ma-windings amabili ngokuhambisana?
Impendulo: Xhuma noma yikuphi ukuphela kwama-windings amabili bese ukala i-voltage emaphethelweni angaxhumekile nge-voltmeter. Isibonelo, i-voltage elinganiswa ngokuxhuma i-2 no-3 iyisamba sezintambo ezimbili zesibili, okubonisa ukuthi ama-windings amabili axhunywe ochungechungeni kulokhu kuxhumana, futhi i-wiring kufanele ishintshwe. Uma i-voltage elinganisiwe ilingana no-zero, kusho ukuthi uxhumano lulungile, futhi iziphetho ezimbili ezingenalutho zingaxhunywa futhi zisetshenziswe ngokuhambisana.
19. Uhlangothi oluyinhloko lweziguquli ezimbili ezifanayo ze-Y/Y-12 zezigaba ezintathu zixhunywe ngokufanayo, kodwa uhlangothi lwesibili aluxhunyiwe ngokufana. Ingabe ikhona i-voltage phakathi kwesigaba A sohlangothi lwesibili lwe-transformer yokuqala kanye nesigaba sesibili B se-transformer yesibili? Uma indawo emaphakathi yohlangothi lwesibili lwama-transformer amabili isekelwe, ingabe ikhona i-voltage?
Impendulo: I-secondary yama-transformer amabili ayixhunyiwe ngokufanayo, futhi akukho uxhumano lukagesi, ngakho-ke akukho voltage phakathi kwe-A-isigaba ohlangothini lwesibili lwe-transformer yokuqala kanye nesigaba se-B ohlangothini lwesibili lwe-transformer. i-transformer yesibili. Uma ama-midpoints ezinhlangothini zesibili zama-transformer amabili asekelwe phansi, okwesibili kunokuxhumana kukagesi, futhi ngalesi sikhathi, kukhona i-voltage, futhi i-voltage ilingana ne-voltage phakathi kwezigaba A no-B ze-transformer efanayo.
20. Kungani olunye lwezinhlangothi eziyinhloko noma zesibili ze-transformer enkulu enezigaba ezintathu luhlala luxhunywe ukwakha okuthi △?
Impendulo: Uma i-transformer ixhunywe ku-Y / Y, izingxenye ze-harmonic ze-3 ze-excitation current yesigaba ngasinye azikwazi ukudlula indlela yokuxhuma inkanyezi ngaphandle komugqa ongathathi hlangothi. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-excitation current isabambe igagasi le-sine elilinganiselwe. I-non-linear, i-flux eyinhloko izoba nezingxenye ze-3 ze-harmonic. Njengoba i-harmonic magnetic flux ye-3 yesigaba ngasinye ilingana nobukhulu nesigaba, ayikwazi ukuvalwa yi-iron core. Izingcweti ezinekhono kuphela ezingakha isifunda ngosizo lwamafutha, udonga lwethangi likaphethiloli, ijoka lensimbi, njll. Uma ama-eddy currents akhiqizwa kulezi zingxenye, kuzobangela ukushisa kwendawo futhi kunciphise ukusebenza kwe-Transformer. Ngakho-ke, i-transformer yezigaba ezintathu enamandla amakhulu kanye ne-voltage ephakeme akufanele isebenzise indlela yokuxhuma ye-Y / Y.
Uma ikhoyili ixhunywe kokuthi △/Y, ingxenye yesithathu ye-harmonic yamanje evusa amadlingozi ingadlula, ngakho-ke i-flux enkulu kazibuthe ingagcinwa njengegagasi le-sine ngaphandle kwengxenye yesithathu ye-harmonic.
Uma ikhoyili ixhunywe njengo-Y/△, nakuba i-harmonic yesi-3 kwi-excitation current yohlangothi oluyinhloko ayikwazi ukugeleza, ingxenye yesi-3 ye-harmonic ikhiqizwa kuyisekethe enkulu kazibuthe, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi uhlangothi lwesibili luxhunywe △, i-harmonic yesi-3. amandla azoba I-harmonic circulating current yesi-3 ikhiqizwa ngo-△. Ayikho i-harmonic ye-3 ehambisanayo ohlangothini oluyinhloko lokuyibhalansisa, ngakho-ke i-circulating current iba yimanje enezakhiwo ezivusa amadlingozi. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-flux yamagnetic eyinhloko ye-transformer izojatshuliswa ngokuhlanganyela yi-excitation current ye-sine wave ohlangothini oluyinhloko kanye nomjikelezo ojikelezayo ohlangothini lwesibili. △/Y uxhumano lufana ncamashi. Ngakho-ke, i-magnetic flux eyinhloko nayo iyigagasi lesine ngaphandle kwengxenye yesithathu ye-harmonic. Ngale ndlela, ukwenzeka kokushisa kwendawo okubangelwa i-harmonic eddy yamanje yesithathu ngeke kwenzeke ngemva kokuba isiguquli sezigaba ezintathu samukele indlela yokuxhuma △/Y noma Y1/△.
21. Kungani ukuhlolwa kwe-no-load ye-transformer kungakala ukulahlekelwa kwensimbi, kuyilapho ukuhlolwa kwe-short-circuit kungakala ukulahlekelwa kwethusi?
Impendulo: Ukulahlekelwa kwensimbi ye-transformer kuhlanganisa ukulahlekelwa kwamanje kwe-eddy kanye nokulahlekelwa kwe-hysteresis. Uma imvamisa yamandla ingashintshi, inqunywa amandla kazibuthe okungeniswa kumongo wensimbi. Ukulahlekelwa kwethusi kwe-transformer kunqunywa ngokuyinhloko okwamanje kumakhoyili ayisisekelo nakwesibili.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-no-load, uhlangothi lwesibili lwamanje luyiziro, uhlangothi oluyinhloko olungenamthwalo lwamanje luncane kakhulu, futhi ukulahlekelwa kwethusi kungashaywa indiva, kuyilapho i-voltage elinganiselwe isetshenziswa ohlangothini oluyinhloko, kanye namandla okungenisa kazibuthe i-iron core iyinani elijwayelekile ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ngakho-ke amandla okufaka asetshenziswa ngokuyisisekelo ekulahlekelweni kwensimbi. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwesiyingi esifushane, amakhoyili ayisisekelo nawesibili wonke alinganiselwe amanje, kuyilapho amandla kagesi ayisisekelo aphansi, amandla kazibuthe okungeniswa kumgogodla wensimbi mancane, futhi ukulahlekelwa kwensimbi kungashaywa indiva, ngakho-ke amandla okufaka ngokuyisisekelo kudliwe ukulahleka kwethusi.
22. Kungani kufanele i-AC imelane nokuhlolwa kwamandla kagesi kufanele kwenziwe ngemva kokushisisa (60-70℃) kuma-transformer angu-110kV nangaphezulu?
IMPENDULO: Njengoba amanye amabhamuza omoya ekhiqizwa lapho amafutha e-transformer ejovwa, lawa mabhamuza omoya angase anamathiselwe kukhoyili, futhi ngisho ne-transformer enhle izobangela ingozi yokuphuma. Esimweni sokushisa, hhayi ama-bubbles kuphela angasuswa, kodwa futhi kuseduze nokusebenza kwangempela kwe-transformer, ngakho ikhwalithi yokuhlola ingaqinisekiswa.
23. Ingabe i-transformer ekusebenzeni ingahlulelwa ngomsindo ewenzayo?
A: I-transformer ingahlulela isimo ngokusekelwe kumsindo. Beka ingxenye eyodwa yenduku yokhuni ethangini le-transformer, bese ubeka enye ingxenye endlebeni yakho futhi ulalele ngokucophelela umsindo. Uma kuwumsindo othi "humming" oqhubekayo, osindayo kunokuvamile, hlola ukuthi izinga lokushisa likagesi kanye nowoyela liphezulu kakhulu; uma kungekho okungavamile, hlola ukuthi i-iron core ixega yini. Lapho umsindo we-"ZZZ" uzwakala, hlola ukuthi ingabe kukhona i-flashover ebusweni bebhokisi. Uma kungekho okungavamile, hlola ingaphakathi futhi. Uma kuzwakala umsindo othi "kufanele kukhunyulwe", hlola ukuthi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwamakhoyili noma phakathi kwensimbi ne-plywood kuphukile.
24. Uma iphutha le-short-circuit lenzeka kulayini oxhunywe ngaphandle kwe-transformer, uyini umthelela ngaphakathi kwe-transformer?
Impendulo: Ngenxa yephutha langaphandle le-short-circuit ye-transformer, ukucindezeleka okukhulu kwemishini (amandla kagesi) akhiqizwa ngaphakathi kwekhoyili. Lokhu kucindezeleka komshini kucindezela ikhoyili, futhi ukucindezeleka kuyanyamalala ngemva kokuba ingozi isiphelile. Le nqubo ibangela ukuba ikhoyili ikhululeke. Ama-insulating pad nama-backing plate nawo azoxega noma awe. Uma isimo sibucayi, ukufakwa kwe-insulation ye-core clamping screw kanye nokuma kwekhoyili kungashintshwa. Uma ikhoyili exegayo noma ekhubazekile ibhekana nokucindezelwa kwemishini kaningi, ukuvala kungalimala, okubangele ukujikeleza okufushane phakathi kokujika.
25. Iyini ithonya le-no-load transformer yokuvula nokuvala izikhathi ku-transformer?
Impendulo: Uma i-transformer engekho-load ivuliwe, insimu yamagnetic ku-iron core iyanyamalala ngokushesha, futhi i-voltage ephezulu izokhiqizwa ikhoyili ngenxa yoshintsho olusheshayo lwensimu yamagnetic, engase ibangele ukuwohloka kwe-insulation ebuthakathaka. ye-transformer. Lapho i-transformer ivaliwe, i-overcurrent enkulu esheshayo ingase ikhiqizwe, okuzokwenza ukuthi ikhoyili ibe ngaphansi kokucindezeleka okukhulu kwemishini, okuholela ekuguqulweni kwekhoyili kanye nokulimala kwe-insulation. Ngakho-ke, inani lezikhathi zokuvula nokuvalwa kwe-no-load transformer zizothinta impilo yesevisi.
26. Kungani uqapha ukunyuka kwezinga lokushisa kwe-transformer? Ingabe ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa kuba ngcono?
A: Ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa kwe-transformer kungenye yemingcele ebalulekile yokusebenza. Uma ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa kuphezulu kakhulu, i-insulation izoguga ngokushesha, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, izoba brittle futhi iqhume, ngaleyo ndlela ilimaze ikhoyili ye-transformer; ngaphezu kwalokho, noma ngabe ukufakwa kungalimala, kodwa ukuphakama kwezinga lokushisa kuphezulu kakhulu, ukusebenza kwezinto zokuvikela kuzokonakala, futhi kuzophulwa kalula nge-voltage ephezulu, okubangela Iphutha. Ngakho-ke, isikhulu somsebenzi we-substation kumele siqaphe ukunyuka kwezinga lokushisa kwe-transformer futhi asikwazi ukudlula izinga lokushisa elivumelekile le-insulating material. Kodwa-ke, ukuphakama kwezinga lokushisa kwe-transformer akukona okuphansi ngangokunokwenzeka, ngenxa yezinto ezibonakalayo zezinga elithile lokufakelwa. Vumela ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside ezingeni lokushisa elithile.
Umthamo olinganiselwe we-transformer unqunywa ngokusho kwezinga lokushisa elivumelekile le-insulation. Ngaphansi komthamo olinganiselwe, i-transformer ingasebenza ngokuqhubekayo. Uma ukuphakama kwezinga lokushisa kwe-transformer kuphansi kakhulu, kusho ukuthi i-transformer ilayishwa kancane futhi impahla ayisetshenziswa ngokugcwele, ngakho-ke ayinayo ukonga.
27. Kungani umgogodla wensimbi we-transformer kufanele usekelwe, futhi iphuzu elilodwa kuphela?
Impendulo: Lapho i-transformer isebenza, umgogodla wensimbi usendaweni kagesi enamandla futhi unamandla aphezulu. Uma ingagxiliwe, nakanjani izokhiqiza umehluko omkhulu ongase ube khona ngethangi likawoyela eliphansi, ijoka lensimbi, njll., okuzoholela ekukhishweni futhi kubangele izingozi ze-transformer. Kodwa-ke, uma ishidi lensimbi ye-silicon lisekelwe ezindaweni ezimbalwa, ishidi lensimbi ye-silicon lizokwakheka phansi.
I-eddy current passage inyusa ukulahleka kwamanje kwe-eddy futhi ibangela ukushisisa kwendawo kwensimbi, nakho okungavunyelwe. Nakuba amashidi ensimbi ye-silicon embozwe ngopende we-insulating, ukumelana kwawo nokufakwa kuncane, okungavimba kuphela ama-eddy currents kodwa akukwazi ukuvimbela ama-high-voltage induced currents. Ngakho-ke, inqobo nje uma ucezu olulodwa lwamashidi ensimbi ye-silicon lusekelwe phansi, kulingana nokugxilisa yonke ingqikithi yensimbi (evame ukwaziwa ngokuthi isisekelo sephoyinti elilodwa).
28. Kuma-coil-coil transformer amathathu, yini okufanele inakwe lapho ikhoyili ye-low-voltage ivuliwe-circuited ngaphandle komthwalo?
Impendulo: I-transformer enamakhoyili amathathu, lapho ikhoyili ye-low-voltage isebenza ngokuvula i-circuit ngaphandle komthwalo, kufanele kuqashelwe inkinga yokuthi ukufakwa kwekhoyili ye-low-voltage kungase kube yingozi ngenxa yokungeniswa kwe-electrostatic. Ngakho-ke, kule modi yokusebenza, ukuphuma kwesigaba esisodwa sekhoyili ye-low-voltage kufanele kumiswe okwesikhashana. Uma ikhoyili ene-voltage ephansi ekuqaleni ifakwe isibambi sohlobo lwe-valve, isibambi sohlobo lwe-valve singavikela lokhu kugeleza kwe-electrostatic overvoltage, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokugqoka indawo ephansi yesikhashana. .
29. Lapho i-circuit breaker inqamula i-transformer elayishiwe kanye ne-no-load transformer, kukuphi lapho i-transformer ingase ikhiqize ukugcwala ngokweqile?
Impendulo: Uma i-circuit breaker iphula isekethe ye-AC ngesiguquli somthwalo, kuzokwenziwa i-arc enkulu, ngakho-ke ngokuvamile i-arc inganqanyulwa lapho i-alternating yamanje iwela uziro. Ngalesi sikhathi, isitoreji samandla ku-transformer inductance ingu-zero; amandla amancane kagesi kumandla omhlaba we-transformer azokhishwa ngokushesha futhi anyamalale nge-inductance, ngakho-ke akulula ukukhiqiza ukugcwala ngokweqile.
I-amplitude ye-No-load yamanje ye-I0 ye-no-load transformer incane kakhulu, kuphela i-1-2% yamanje elinganiselwe, ngakho inamandla okucima i-arc aqinile futhi inganqamula i-breaker circuit yamanje ye-short-circuit. Ngomshini wamanje omncane ongalayishi, kungaba Umthwalo uphoqeleka ukuba uphuke ngaphambi kokuwela iqanda kwamanje. Ngalesi sikhathi, isitoreji samandla ku-inductor asikwazi ukushintsha ngokuzumayo sibe ngu-zero, sizokhokhisa i-capacitor encane ye-transformer ngokwayo, okwenza i-I0 yehle kakhulu, izinga lokushintsha lamanje likhulu kakhulu, futhi amandla akhiqizwayo angafinyelela phezulu kakhulu. value, ngakho-ke i-circuit breaker inqamula i-no-load. Amathuba okuba ne-overvoltage inkulu uma kusetshenziswa i-transformer.
30. Isiguquli sempompi yesilawuli sikagesi esilayishiwe kufanele sisebenzise abathintwayo ababili abahambayo i-K1; K2, ukumelana no-R kufanele kuxhunywe ochungechungeni koxhumana nabo. Futhi i-tap-changer evamile engalayishi inothintana naye oyedwa kuphela onyakazayo futhi othintana naye akanakho ukumelana nochungechunge, ngani?
Impendulo: Ukulawulwa kwe-voltage ekulayishweni wukukhipha ompompi abambalwa kukhoyili ye-transformer, futhi ngesiguquli sempompi, ngaphansi kwesimo somthwalo, sishintshe sisuka empompini owodwa siye komunye, ngaleyo ndlela siguqule inani lokuphenduka kwamakhoyili futhi kuzuzwe inhloso yokulawulwa kwamandla kagesi. . Enqubweni yokulawulwa kwe-voltage, uma othintana naye oyedwa kuphela ohambayo esetshenziselwa ukushintshela emuva naphambili phakathi koxhumana nabo abagxilile abaxhunywe egatsheni ngalinye, nakanjani kuzokwenza i-arc, okuzobangela ukwehluleka kwamandla ngokushesha ngemva kokuba i-arc icishiwe. Uma kusetshenziswa othintana nabo ababili abahambayo, ngaphambi kokushintsha, othintana nabo abahambayo i-K1 ne-K2 basesigabeni sika-2. Uma ushintsha, qala ngokuvula i-K1 ekuhlukaniseni okungu-1, bese unqamula i-K2 no-2, ukuze ungabangeli ukwehluleka kwamandla, I-K2 futhi iya endaweni engu-1 ukuze iqedele ukushintsha. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi senqubo yokushintsha, kuzokwakhiwa iluphu eyakhiwe nge-2-K2-K1-1, ezokhiqiza amandla ajikelezayo amakhulu. Uma i-K2 inqanyulwa ku-2, ukukhanya kwe-arc kuzokwenziwa, ngakho-ke isinqandusi esikhawula samanje esingu-R sixhunywa ochungechungeni nothintana naye onyakazayo. .
Izishintshi zempompi ezingalayishi ezivamile ziyashintshwa uma kwenzeka ukuphelelwa amandla, futhi ayikho inkinga yokwehluleka kwamandla nokukhiqizwa kwe-arc phakathi nenqubo yokushintsha. Ngakho-ke, othintana naye oyedwa kuphela osetshenzisiwe futhi akukho ukumelana kochungechunge okudingekayo.
31. Kungani usebenzise imodi yokusebenza ehambisanayo yama-transformer? Indlela yokufeza i-parallel?
Impendulo: Ngokukhula komthamo wegridi yamandla, umthamo we-transformer eyodwa ngokuvamile awukwazi ukuthwala umthwalo ogcwele, futhi akukona ukonga ukufaka esikhundleni se-transformer enkulu, ngakho-ke ukuze uhlangabezane nezidingo zomthwalo womsebenzisi, ama-transformer amabili noma ngaphezulu asebenza ngokufana. Ukwengeza, umthwalo wegridi yamandla ngokuvamile uyashintsha ngezikhathi ezahlukene zemini nobusuku kanye nezinkathi ezihlukene zonyaka. Uma ama-transformers amaningi esebenza ngokufana, lapho umthwalo umncane, ama-transformers ambalwa amancane angasebenza, ukuze ukusebenza kwezomnotho kwegridi yamandla kufezeke; Ama-Transformer, angaseviswa ngokushintshana ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kokuphakelwa kukagesi.
Ukufeza ukusebenza okufanayo kwama-transformer amabili noma ngaphezulu, kufanele kuhlangatshezwane nemibandela emine:
(1) Isilinganiso sokuguqulwa siyalingana: uma ama-transformer amabili anezilinganiso ezihlukene zokuguqulwa exhunywe ngokufanayo, izinhlangothi zesibili zazo zombili zizokhiqiza ama-voltages ahlukene, futhi lo mehluko we-voltage uzokhiqiza imisinga ejikelezayo ku-loop eyakhiwe izinhlangothi zesibili ze-voltage. ama-transformer amabili. izoshisa ama-windings e-transformer. Ukuze enze ama-parallel transformer asebenze ngokuphepha, izwe lami libeka ukuthi umehluko wesilinganiso sokuguqulwa kwama-parallel transformer akufanele udlule u-0.5% (kubhekiselwa esimweni lapho umshini wokushintsha umpompi ufakwa egiyeni elifanayo).
(2) Amaqembu ezintambo ayafana: uma ama-transformer amabili anamaqembu ahlukene ezintambo exhunywe ngokufanayo, izigaba zamandla kagesi zemigqa yesibili yezinhlangothi zombili zihlukile, futhi ngenxa yalokho, umehluko we-voltage uzokhiqizwa ngokuhambisana. isekethe eseceleni yesibili. Umsinga omkhulu ojikelezayo ukhiqizwa endaweni yesibili, eshisa i-transformer.
(3) I-voltage ye-short-circuit (i-impedance voltage) iyalingana: Uma ama-transformer amabili anama-voltages ahlukene we-short-circuit exhunywe ngokufanayo, i-transformer ene-voltage encane ye-short-circuit ilayishwa kalula, kuyilapho i-transformer ene-short short- enkulu. I-voltage yesifunda ayikwazi ukulayishwa ngokugcwele. Ngokuvamile kunenkolelo yokuthi umehluko we-voltage wesifunda esifushane wama-parallel transformers akufanele udlule u-10%. Ngokuvamile, zama ukukhulisa i-voltage yesibili yokuvunguza ye-transformer nge-voltage enkulu ye-short-circuit noma ushintshe isikhundla sempompi ye-transformer ukuze ulungise i-voltage ye-short-circuit ye-transformer, ukuze umthamo we-transformer osebenza ngokufana ungaba ngokugcwele. esetshenzisiwe.
(4) Isilinganiso somthamo asidluli ku-3/1: Ngenxa yomehluko omkhulu ekuvinjweni kwama-transformers anamakhono ahlukene, ukusatshalaliswa komthwalo akulingani kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokombono wokusebenza, abaguquli abancane abakwazi ukudlala indima yokusekelayo, ngakho-ke isilinganiso somthamo akufanele sidlule 3. / 1. Kodwa-ke, isilinganiso somthamo singaba sikhulu kuno-3/1 uma zombili iziguquli zingadluli umthwalo olinganiselwe.
32. Indlela yokwenza ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kuma-transformers?
Impendulo: Uma iphutha le-short-circuit lenzeka ohlelweni noma ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu ngokuzumayo kwenzeka, abasebenzi bomsebenzi kufanele benze ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kwe-transformer kanye nemishini yayo ehambisanayo. Amaphuzu abalulekile wokuhlola yilawa:
(1) Uma iphutha le-short-circuit lenzeka ohlelweni, isistimu ye-transformer kufanele ihlolwe ngokushesha ngokuqhuma, ukunqanyulwa, ukuxoshwa, ukuguqulwa, iphunga elishisiwe, ukulahlekelwa okuvuthayo, i-flashover, i-pyrotechnics kanye nomjovo wamafutha.
(2) Uma kuneqhwa, kufanele uhlole ukuthi amalunga okuhola e-transformer anesimo sokuncibilika ngokushesha kweqhwa eliwayo noma ukuhwamuka kwegesi, nokuthi kukhona yini iqhwa noma amaqhwa ezingxenyeni ze-conductive.
(3) Esimweni sezulu esinomoya, hlola ukushwibeka komthofu nokuthi ayikho yini imfucumfucu.
(4) Esimeni sezulu esinenkungu, hlola ukuthi i-porcelain bushing inawo yini ama-flashover (lokhu kuhlola kufanele futhi kwenziwe esimweni sezulu esinenkungu), kanye nesenzo serekhoda yokukhipha umbophi.
(5) Uma izinga lokushisa lishintsha ngokuzumayo, hlola ukuthi izinga likawoyela kanye nezinga lokushisa likawoyela we-transformer kuyinto evamile, nokuthi izintambo namajoyinti amalunga okunweba akhubazekile noma ayashiswa yini.
33. Indlela yokulungisa kabusha i-off-load-tap-change kanye ne-on-load tap-change?
Impendulo: I-tap change ye-transformer ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezimbili: i-no-load tap-changer kanye ne-on-load tap-changer. Okulandelayo kuqala kwethula izindawo zokunakekela ze-no-load tap-changer:
(1) Hambisa umkhono wephepha ovala umpompi uye phezulu, hlola zonke izingxenye zomshini wokushintsha umpompi, ukuthi ingabe umthofu, okokufaka nokushisela kusesimweni esihle, nokuthi amalunga ashise ngokweqile yini. Uma iphutha lilincane, lingabhekwana nalo ngokuqondile; uma kukhona ukwehluleka okukhulu, kufanele kuhlakazwe noma kushintshwe.
(2) Cindezela ngesandla noma hlola ingcindezi phakathi kokushintsha umpompi kanye nekholomu yokuxhumana ngosizo lwethuluzi. Ingcindezi ngokuvamile kufanele ibe ngu-0.25-0.5Mpa, futhi noma iyiphi ingxenye eshintshayo kufanele ibe nokuxhumana okuhle. Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa, gxila ekuhloleni izingxenye ezishintshayo ezivame ukusebenza ukuze ubone ukuthi zishise kakhulu yini nokuthi ingaphezulu lensimbi lishile noma lishintshile yini umbala. Uma umpompi unalesi simo, futhi ingekho ingxenye eyisipele engashintshwa isikhashana, ingasebenza nabanye othintana nabo kampompi ngokwezimo zokusebenza, noma othintana naye kampompi osebenzayo angashiselelwa isikhashana ukuze abe uxhumano olungaguquki, bese kushintshwe uma kunezingxenye ezisele. qalisa kabusha ukusebenza. Ukusha endaweni yensimbi kuvame ukubangelwa ukuxhumana okungcolile noma ukuthintana kabi. Ingabuyiselwa esimweni esivamile sokusebenza ngokusula noma ukugaya; uma othintana nabo beshiswa kakhulu futhi abakwazi ukulungiswa, kufanele bashintshwe.
(3) Hlola ukuthi ukulungiswa sekukonke kweswishi kampompi kuqinile, ukuthi idivayisi yayo yokusebenza iyavumelana nezimo yini, kanye nokuthi izikhonkwane ze-lever shaft yokusebenza ziphelele futhi zithembekile yini.
(4) Sebenzisa ibhuloho elikala ukumelana okuncane ukuhlola ukumelana nokuxhumana kwengxenye ngayinye yokushintsha, okufanele ngokuvamile ihlangabezane nezidingo zobuchwepheshe ezingaphansi kwama-microohms angu-500; uma kutholakala ukuthi ukuphikiswa kokuxhumana kwengxenye ethile akuhlangabezani nezinga, izizathu kufanele zitholakale futhi izinyathelo kufanele zithathwe ukuyilungisa. qeda.
Ngemva kokuphothula ukuhlola okungenhla, ukususa amaphutha kanye nokwenza izivivinyo ezidingekayo, isishintshi sempompi singabekwa endaweni yokusebenza enqunywe kusengaphambili, singabe sisashintshwa, futhi irekhodi lokuhlola lalesi sikhundla lingenziwa.
Njengamanje, ama-transformer ane-load voltage regulation ekhiqizwa ezweni lethu anezinhlobo ezimbili zokushintsha kompompi: ezisebenzayo futhi eziphikisanayo. I-tap-changer esebenzayo itholakala kuthangi elifanayo nomzimba we-transformer. Isiguquli sempompi esiphikisayo ngokuvamile ithangi elincane likawoyela elibekwe ngokuzimela ethangini likawoyela we-transformer ukuze kubekwe idivayisi yokushintsha. I-tank encane yamafutha ayixhunyiwe kumafutha we-transformer. Inenqolobane kawoyela, umshini wokuphefumula kanye nesidluliseli segesi.
Okulandelayo kuthatha isishintshi se-tap-tap njengesibonelo ukukhombisa amaphuzu abalulekile wokushintsha kabusha i-on-load tap-change:
(1) Vula ikhava engaphezulu yethangi elincane likaphethiloli elifakwe idivayisi yokushintsha, bese ukhipha intambo yokuxhuma kampompi evalayo namabhawudi okulungisa.
(2) Khipha idivayisi yokushintsha yesishintshi sompompi esilayishiwe, hlola ikhwalithi yokushisela yocingo oluholayo, ukuthi uxhumano lwebhawodi luxega, ukuthi kukhona ukusha nokushisa ngokweqile okusebenzayo, noma ngabe i-insulation yocingo lomthofu yonakele, nokuthi ngabe ukuqhutshwa kothintana nabo abahambayo nabamile bokushintsha kuhle yini. , ngokucula noma ngaphandle kokucula.
(3) Shintsha igiya ngegiya, futhi uhlole ukumelana kothintana naye, futhi inani layo kufanele libe ngaphansi kwama-microohms angu-500.
(4) Hlola ukuthi ingabe ukumelana okungaguquki kwephukile noma konakele, kala ukuthi inani layo lokumelana liyashintsha yini, noma ipuleti le-insulating lonakele, bese usebenzisa i-megohmmeter ukukala ukumelana nokufakwa kwengxenye ephilayo esebenzayo.
(5) Hlola ukuthi i-shaft ejikelezayo kanye nepuleti eligxilile le-insulating plate lithembekile, ukuthi ingabe isiphethu sokugcina amandla sengxenye ephendukisayo siphukile, noma izingxenye eziwumshini ezifana neshafu yokudlulisa nezikhonkwane ziyawa futhi zonakele, futhi ukuthi amazinyo egiya lezikelemu kanye nezikelemu agqokwe ngokweqile. .
(6) Injini ehlehlayo kufanele ihlakazwe futhi ilungiswe.
(7) Amafutha ethangini elincane lamafutha ashiswa i-arc ngenxa yokushintshwa okuningi kwedivayisi yokushintsha, okuholela ezinhlayiyeni zekhabhoni. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kokushabalalisa ukushisa kanye nokusebenza kokufakwa kwamafutha, uwoyela owonakele kufanele ushintshwe ngesikhathi, futhi ngaphambi kokuba uwoyela omusha ujovwe, ithangi likawoyela kufanele libhekwe ukuthi liyabhobhoza yini futhi alivuzi, kanye nokungcoliswa kanye nemfucumfucu endaweni. phansi kwe-tank kufanele kukhishwe ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Ngemuva kokuthi ukugcinwa kuqediwe, kufanele kuhlanganiswe ngesikhathi, bese ukuhlolwa kwamandla enjini kanye nokuhlolwa kokushintsha kwesishintshi sompompi kufanele kwenziwe. Ukuze ungavumeli izingxenye zibe manzi, isishintshi sempompi akufanele sivezwe emoyeni isikhathi eside.
34. Yiziphi izinto zokuhlola zokushintsha impompi?
Impendulo: (1) Inkomba ye-voltage kufanele ibe phakathi kwebanga lokuchezuka kukagesi;
(2) Inkomba yamandla yesilawuli ibonisa evamile;
(3) Inkomba yendawo kampompi kufanele ingalungile;
(4) Izinga likawoyela, umbala kawoyela, isibambisi sezinga lokushisa kanye ne-desiccant yaso yesilondolozi sikawoyela esishintsha umpompi konke kujwayelekile;
(5) Akufanele kube khona ukuvuza kwamafutha kuzo zonke izingxenye zomshini wokushintsha umpompi nezinye izinto zawo;
(6) Ikhawunta isebenza ngokujwayelekile, futhi inani lokushintsha kompompi lirekhodwa ngesikhathi;
(7) Ingaphakathi lebhokisi lemishini yemoto kufanele lihlanzeke, izinga likawoyela wokuthambisa libe ngokwejwayelekile, isicabha sebhokisi lemishini kufanele sivalwe siqine, singangenwa umswakama, singangeni uthuli, futhi sivalwe kahle ezilwaneni ezincane;
(8) I-heater eshintsha impompi kufanele ibe sesimweni esihle futhi ishintshwe ngesikhathi njengoba kudingeka.
35. Kuyini ukuhlolwa nokugcinwa kweswishi?
Impendulo: (1) Hlola ukuthi izibophelelo zikhululekile yini;
(2) Hlola ukuthi isiphethu esikhulu, isiphethu sokubuya kanye nozipho lwendlela esheshayo kukhubazekile noma kuphukile;
(3) Hlola ukuthi intambo elukiweyo eguquguqukayo yokuxhuma yoxhumene naye ngamunye inazo yini izintambo;
(4) Hlola izinga lokushiswa kothintana nabo abahambayo nabamile beswitch;
(5) Hlola ukuthi ingabe ukumelana noshintsho kwephukile, futhi ulinganise ukumelana kwe-DC ngesikhathi esifanayo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nedatha ku-nameplate yomkhiqizo, inani lokuchezuka yenani lokumelana alikho likhulu kuno-+/-10%;
(6) Linganisa ukumelana kweluphu phakathi kwendawo yokuhola eyodwa, ekabili naphakathi nendawo yesigaba ngasinye, futhi inani lokumelana kufanele lihlangabezane nezimfuneko;
(7) Linganisa ukulandelana kwesenzo sokushintsha othintana nabo abahambayo nabamile, futhi konke ukulandelana kwesenzo kufanele kuhlangabezane nezidingo zobuchwepheshe zomkhiqizo.
36. Indlela yokufeza ukuhlolwa kwangaphandle ku-transformer ekusebenzeni?
A: Ukuhlolwa kwangaphandle kwe-transformer kungenziwa ngaphandle kokuhluleka kwamandla, futhi into engavamile ye-transformer ingatholakala ngesikhathi. Ngokuvamile, izinto ezilandelayo kufanele zibonwe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa:
(1) Umbala kawoyela kumcamelo kawoyela we-transformer kanye nesihlahla esigcwele uwoyela (uma ukwakheka kwesihlahla esigcwele uwoyela kufanelekile ukuhlolwa), izinga likawoyela, kanye nokuthi kukhona ukugeleza noma ukuvuza; kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukhona amanzi kumqoqi wodaka womcamelo wamafutha Futhi ukungcola, uma kukhona, kufanele kukhishwe ngokuvula ipulaki engezansi.
(2) Ukuthi i-transformer bushing ihlanzekile, noma ngabe kunemifantu, iminonjana yokukhishwa nezinye izinto ezingavamile.
(3) Imvelo yokuduma kwe-transformer, noma ngabe umsindo uyakhuphuka, nokuthi ukhona yini umsindo omusha ongajwayelekile.
(4) Ukuthi ukubekwa phansi kwethangi likawoyela we-transformer kusesimweni esihle yini.
(5) Ukuthi amakhebuli namabhasi ajwayelekile yini.
(6) Ukuthi ukusebenza komshini wokupholisa kujwayelekile yini.
(7) Izinga lokushisa lamafutha le-transformer liphezulu noma liphansi.
(8) Ukuthi i-diaphragm yepayipi elingaqhumi iphelele yini; kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-desiccant ku-absorber umswakama ithatha umswakama esimweni esigcwele.
(9) Hlola izinga likawoyela lesilayishi segesi nokuthi isisheshisi sivuliwe yini.
(10) Uma i-transformer ifakwe endlini, hlola ukuthi izicabha namafasitela kusekhona yini, ukuthi indlu iyavuza, ukukhanya kokukhanyisa kwanele, nokuthi izinga lokushisa legumbi lifanelekile yini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusho kwezici zesakhiwo se-transformer, ezinye izinto ezihlobene nazo zingabhekwa.
37. Yiziphi izinto zokuhlola ku-transformer enkulu, i-unit transformer kanye ne-startup transformer esebenzayo?
I-1) Izinga lokushisa lomoya kanye nokushisa kwamafutha
2) Izinga lamafutha omcamelo wamafutha
3) Ukusebenza komshini wokuphefumula
4) Inani lokuqapha i-hydrogen
5) Ukuthi umzimba unokudlidliza okungavamile, umsindo kanye nephunga
6) Ukuthi kukhona ukuvuza kwe-seepage nokuvuza kwamafutha engxenyeni ngayinye ye-transformer
I-7) Izinga likawoyela we-high-voltage bushing livamile, isiketi siqinile, futhi akukho mkhuba onzima wokukhipha
I-8) Iphampu kawoyela kanye nefeni ye-cooler isebenza ngokujwayelekile, futhi inkomba yokugeleza kawoyela ilungile
9) Iphaneli yokulawula yendawo ivalwe kahle futhi ayinakho ukuguqulwa, futhi ingilazi yokulunguza iphelele
I-10) Igobolondo le-Transformer, isibambi, kanye nedivaysi yokumisa engathathi hlangothi isesimweni esihle
11) Isiketi se-porcelain esibophayo sisesimweni esihle, nokuthi inani lerejista lishintshile yini
12) Qala ukuguqula umfutho kawoyela wekhebula eligcwele uwoyela eline-voltage ephezulu
38. Indlela yokwenza ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kuma-transformers?
Impendulo: Uma iphutha le-short-circuit lenzeka ohlelweni noma ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu ngokuzumayo kwenzeka, abasebenzi bomsebenzi kufanele benze ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kwe-transformer kanye nemishini yayo ehambisanayo. Amaphuzu abalulekile wokuhlola yilawa:
I-1) Uma iphutha le-short-circuit lenzeka ohlelweni, uhlelo lwe-transformer kufanele luhlolwe ngokushesha ngokuqhuma, ukunqanyulwa, ukuxoshwa, ukuguqulwa, iphunga elishisiwe, ukulahlekelwa okuvuthayo, i-flashover, i-pyrotechnics kanye nomjovo wamafutha.
2) Esikhathini sezulu esineqhwa, kufanele uhlole ukuthi amalunga okuhola e-transformer anesimo sokuncibilika kweqhwa noma ukuhwamuka ngokushesha, nokuthi kukhona iqhwa noma ama-icicles ezingxenyeni zokuqhuba.
3) Esimeni sezulu esinomoya, hlola ukushwibeka komthofu nokuthi ayikho yini imfucumfucu.
4) Esimeni sezulu sokuduma kwezulu, hlola ukuthi i-porcelain bushing ine-flashover yokukhipha (lokhu kuhlola kufanele futhi kwenziwe esimweni sezulu esinenkungu), kanye nesenzo serekhoda yokukhipha umshicileli.
I-5) Uma izinga lokushisa lishintsha ngokuzumayo, hlola ukuthi izinga likawoyela kanye nokushisa kwamafutha we-transformer kuyinto evamile, nokuthi izintambo namajoyinti amalunga okwandisa akhubazekile noma ashisiwe.
39. Yiziphi izinto zokuhlola ama-transformer ohlobo olomile?
1) Izinga lokushisa elivunguzayo
2) Ukuthi kukhona ukudlidliza okungavamile, umsindo kanye nephunga
2) Umnyango wegumbi le-transformer usesimweni esihle
40. Yiziphi izinto zokuhlola isiguquli se-electrostatic precipitator rectifier kanye nesiguquli somjikelezo wezinga lokuqala?
1) Ukushisa kwamafutha e-Transformer
2) Izinga lamafutha omcamelo wamafutha
3) Umbala we-desiccant ku-respirator ujwayelekile
4) Ukuthi umzimba unokudlidliza okungavamile, umsindo kanye nephunga
5) Ukuthi kukhona ukuvuza kwamafutha engxenyeni ngayinye ye-transformer
6) Igobolondo le-transformer lisekelwe kahle
7) Ukuthi kukhona ukuvuza kwamanzi kanye nezindawo ezibeka engcupheni ukuphepha eduze kwe-transformer
41. Indlela yokulungisa kabusha i-off-load-tap-change kanye ne-on-load-tap-change?
Impendulo: I-tap change ye-transformer ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezimbili: i-no-load tap-changer kanye ne-on-load tap-changer. Okulandelayo kuqala kwethula izindawo zokunakekela ze-no-load tap-changer:
1) Hambisa umkhono we-insulating wephepha omboze ingaphandle le-tap-changer phezulu, hlola zonke izingxenye zesishintshi sempompi, ukuthi ingabe i-lead, i-insulation kanye ne-welding isesimweni esihle, nokuthi amalunga ashise ngokweqile yini. Uma iphutha lilincane, lingabhekwana nalo ngokuqondile; uma kukhona ukwehluleka okukhulu, kufanele kuhlakazwe noma kushintshwe.
2) Cindezela ngesandla noma uhlole ingcindezi phakathi kokuthinta umshini wokushintsha kanye nekholomu yokuxhumana ngosizo lwethuluzi, ukucindezela kufanele kube ngu-0.25-0.5Mpa, nanoma yikuphi ukusika okukodwa.
Izingxenye ezishintshayo kufanele zibe nokuxhumana okuhle. Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa, gxila ekuhloleni izingxenye ezishintshayo ezivame ukusebenza ukuze ubone ukuthi zishise kakhulu yini nokuthi ingaphezulu lensimbi lishile noma lishintshile yini umbala. Ukushisa ngokweqile kubangelwa kakhulu ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside kwesiphethu somfutho we-tap change. , okubangelwa ukwehla kwe-elasticity;
42. Isiphi isimiso esisetshenziswayo ukwenza i-transformer eyinhloko, i-unit transformer futhi iqale i-transformer respirator esiqandisini?
Yenziwa ngokusebenzisa isimiso sokupholisa i-thermoelectric effect yezinto ze-semiconductor
43. Iyini i-split transformer futhi iyini i-coefficient ehlukanisiwe ye-split transformer? Ifekthri isebenzisa kuphi ama-split transformer?
Ikhoyili eyodwa noma amaningana ku-coil ye-transformer ihlukaniswa ngamagatsha amaningana angaxhumekile komunye nomunye, futhi igatsha ngalinye lingagijima ngokuzimela noma ngesikhathi esifanayo. Lolu hlobo lwe-transformer lubizwa ngokuthi i-split transformer. Isilinganiso se-impedans ehlukanisiwe kuya ku-impedance yokudlula ibizwa ngokuthi i-split coefficient. I-unit transformer kanye ne-start-up transformer yefekthri yethu zonke zisebenzisa ama-split transformer.
44. Yiziphi izinzuzo kanye nokubi kwe-split transformer? Zingaki izindlela zokusebenza ezikhona ze-split transformer?
I-1) Ingakwazi ukukhulisa ngempumelelo i-impedance futhi ikhawule i-short-circuit yamanje ohlangothini lwe-voltage ephansi, ngakho-ke i-switchgear elula nezintambo zingakhethwa ukulondoloza ukutshalwa kwezimali.
2) Lapho i-split transformer isebenza, lapho ikhoyili eyodwa ye-low-voltage ifushane, i-voltage ye-busbar yenye ikhoyili ye-low-voltage iyancipha kancane kakhulu, engagcina ukusebenza okuvamile.
3) Uma umthwalo wekhoyili eyodwa enevoltage ephansi ushintsha, ukuguquguquka okuvamile kagesi webhasi akunawo umthelela kwenye ikhoyili ye-low-voltage.
45. Iyini indima ye-transformer eyinhloko, i-transformer ephezulu yokutshala kanye ne-transformer yokuqala?
Umsebenzi we-transformer eyinhloko ukukhulisa i-voltage ephumayo ye-generator futhi uthumele amandla kagesi ohlelweni lwamandla kubasebenzisi bohlelo.
Umsebenzi wokushintsha ubude besitshalo ukwehlisa amandla kagesi aphumayo wejeneretha futhi uthumele amandla kagesi ohlelweni lwezitshalo ukuhlinzeka ngomthwalo wezitshalo.
Umsebenzi we-transformer yokuqala ukunciphisa i-voltage yesistimu futhi uthumele amandla kagesi ohlelweni lwefekthri ukuze unikeze umthwalo wefekthri, osetshenziswa lapho iyunithi iqala, ima noma inengozi.
46. Yiziphi izinto eziqukethwe ekunakekeleni idivayisi yokupholisa i-transformer?
1) Hlola iphampu kawoyela okupholisa kanye ne-fan motor (okuhlanganisa umsindo, ukuvuza, ukudlidliza, ukujikeleza kawoyela okushelelayo kanye nokuthi i-blade yefeni ikhubazekile, njll.), bese uyalungisa.
2) Hlola futhi uhlanze isifunda sokusebenza sedivayisi yokupholisa kanye nokuguquguquka kwedivayisi yokumisa okuzenzakalelayo ukuze kuqedwe amaphutha akhona.
Hlanza kahle amapayipi erediyetha apholile.
4) Hlola imitha yedivayisi yokupholisa.
47. Ukulahlekelwa kwe-short-circuit ye-transformer kubhekisela kuphi?
Ukulahlekelwa okungenamthwalo we-transformer kuhlukaniswe ingxenye esebenzayo kanye nengxenye esebenzayo. Ingxenye esebenzayo ukulahlekelwa okukhiqizwa lapho ukumelana kwama-windings ayisisekelo nesesibili se-transformer kudlula okwamanje; ingxenye esebenzayo ngokuyinhloko iwukulahlekelwa okubangelwa ukugeleza kokuvuza.
48. I-current un balanced current ye-transformer ibhekisela kuphi? Iyini imbangela?
I-current un balanced ye-transformer ibhekisela kumehluko wamanje phakathi kwama-windings e-transformer ezigaba ezintathu. Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi imithwalo yezigaba ezintathu ayifani.
49. Yiziphi izici ezithinta ukushisa kwamafutha we-transformer?
Izici ezithinta izinga lokushisa likawoyela we-transformer zihlanganisa ubukhulu bomthwalo, izinga lokushisa lomoya, indlela yokupholisa namandla okupholisa, ubushelelezi bomjikelezo kawoyela kanye nenani likawoyela, kanye nobukhulu bendawo yokushabalalisa ukushisa. udonga lwebhokisi.
50. Iyini i-chromatography yegesi?
I-gas chromatography iwuhlobo olusha lwendlela yokuhlaziya ngokuhlukaniswa kwe-physicochemical ethuthukiswe ngokushesha ezikhathini zanamuhla. Enqubweni yokuhlaziya, igesi isetshenziswa njengegesi ethwala ukuhlukanisa amagesi axubile anezici ezihlukile okufanele zihlaziywe bese kuba ngekhwalithi nangomthamo. Igama eliphelele lalokhu kuhlaziya kubizwa nge-gas chromatography.
51. Ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zamaphutha, yimaphi amagesi anesici aqukethwe ezingxenyeni zegesi?
Ephutheni lokukhipha, ingxenye yegesi iqukethe inani elithile le-acetylene; insimbi engenalutho ishisa ngokweqile, futhi ingxenye yegesi iqukethe inani elikhulu legesi le-hydrocarbon kanye ne-carbon monoxide encane ne-carbon dioxide; ukwehluleka kokushisa okuqinile kokushisa, ngaphezu kokukhiqizwa kwegesi ye-hydrogen ne-hydrocarbon, Ikakhulukazi i-carbon monoxide kanye nezingxenye ze-carbon dioxide.
52. Indlela yokubala ukusebenza kahle kwe-transformer? Ihlobene naziphi izici?
Impendulo: Umehluko phakathi kwamandla okukhiphayo we-transformer namandla okufaka kubizwa ngokuthi ukulahlekelwa kwamandla (η) kwe-transformer, futhi ifomula yayo yokubala ithi.
η=P2/P1×100%
lapho i-P1 ingamandla wokufaka, ama-kilowatts;
I-P2 ingamandla okukhiphayo, ama-kilowatts.
Umehluko phakathi kwamandla okufaka kanye namandla okukhipha we-transformer ubizwa ngokuthi ukulahlekelwa kwamandla we-transformer, okungukuthi, isamba sokulahlekelwa kwethusi nokulahlekelwa kwensimbi, kanye nefomula yayo yokubala.
P1=P2+△Pti+△Pto
lapho △I-Pti iwukulahlekelwa kwensimbi kwe-transformer;
△I-Pto ukulahleka kwethusi kwe-transformer.
Ngakho η= P2/P1×100%= P2/(P2+△Pti+△Pto)×100%
Lapho i-voltage ihlala njalo, ukulahlekelwa kwensimbi kuhlala njalo, ngakho-ke ukusebenza kahle kwe-transformer kuhlobene nokulahlekelwa kwethusi, nokulahlekelwa kwethusi.
△Pto=I12R1+I22R2
lapho i-I1R1 iyi-high-voltage side yamanje kanye ne-high-voltage winding resistance, ngokulandelanayo;
I-I2R2 iyi-low-voltage side yamanje kanye ne-low-voltage winding resistance, ngokulandelanayo.
Ngale ndlela, ukusebenza kahle kwe-transformer kuhlobene nobukhulu kanye nemvelo yomthwalo. Ngokuvamile, ukusebenza kahle kwe-transformer kuphezulu kakhulu (kufika ku-95-99%). Ku-transformer efanayo, lapho umthwalo umncane, ukusebenza kahle kuphansi; lapho umthwalo ucishe ube ngu-60% yenani elilinganiselwe, ukusebenza kahle kuphezulu.
53. Ungabala kanjani isigaba kanye nomugqa wamanje kanye nesigaba kanye nomugqa we-voltage ye-transformer?
Impendulo: Manje izintambo ezingu-10/0.4kV, Y/Y0-12, umthamo olinganiselwe ungu-400kV. Ukuthatha i-transformer njengesibonelo, i-voltage yesigaba nelayini ibalwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:
Se=√3 UeIe noma Se=3UφIφ
Kufomula: I-Se amandla alinganiselwe we-transformer, i-KVA. I-Ue i-voltage yomugqa, i-KV. Okungukuthi ulayini wamanje, u-A. Uφ yi-voltage yesigaba, u-V. Iφ yisigaba samanje, u-A.
Kungabonakala kufomula engenhla ukuthi:
Umugqa oyinhloko wamanje Ie1=Se/(√3 Ue)=400/(√3×10)=23.1(A)
Njengoba kuwukuxhuma okumise okuka-Y, isigaba kanye nemisinga yomugqa kuyalingana, okungukuthi, Ie=Iφ, isigaba sokuqala samanje Iφ1=23.1 (A),
Amandla kalayini ayisisekelo = 10KV.
I-voltage yesigaba esiyinhloko ithi: Uφ1= Ue1/√3 =10/√3 =5.8(KV)
Umugqa wesibili wamanje uthi: Ie2 = Se/(√3)=400/(√3×0.4)=578(A)
Isigaba sesibili samanje sithi: Iφ2=Ie2=578 (A)
I-voltage yomugqa wesibili ithi: Ue2=400 (V)
I-voltage yesigaba sesibili ithi: Uφ2= Ue2/√3 =400/√3 =231(V).
54. I-transformer enemodeli ye-SFPL—120000/220, i-voltage ephezulu yaseceleni ingu-242+2×2.5%KV, i-voltage ephansi elinganiselwe ohlangothini lwe-voltage ngu-10.5KV, futhi iqembu lomugqa ngu-YO/△-11, thola izinhlangothi zamandla kagesi aphezulu naphansi Sithini isigaba samanje esilinganiselwe?
Isixazululo: I1X=I1e=Se/(√3 U1e)=120000/(√3 ×242)=286(A)
(Uhlangothi lwe-voltage ephezulu yindlela ye-YO wiring)
I2X= I2e/√3 = Se/(√3 U2e/√3 )= Se/(3 U2e)=120000/(3×10.5)=3810(A)
kuphi:
I-I1X, I2X—ngokulandelanayo isigaba samanje esilinganiselwe sezinhlangothi zamandla kagesi aphezulu naphansi we-transformer (A)
I-I1e, i-I2e—ngokulandelanayo isilinganiso samanje sezinhlangothi zamandla kagesi aphezulu naphansi we-transformer (A)
U1e, U2e—ngokulandelanayo i-voltage elinganiselwe yezinhlangothi zamandla kagesi aphezulu naphansi we-transformer (A)
I-Se-umthamo olinganiselwe we-transformer (KVA)
55. I-transformer iqembu layo lezintambo elingu-Y/△-11 lezigaba ezintathu linevoltheji elinganiselwe engu-121KV/10.5KV kanye nomthamo ongu-120000KVA. Ithini i-current elinganiselwe yezinhlangothi zamandla kagesi aphezulu naphansi? Uma izintambo zishintshwa zibe Y/Y-12, ingabe umthamo ushintshile? Ngalesi sikhathi, ingakanani i-current elinganiselwe yohlangothi lwe-low-voltage, futhi iyini i-voltage elinganiselwe?
Isixazululo: Lapho Y/△-11:
Se=√3 I1e U1e
I1e=Se/(√3 U1e)=120000/(√3×121)≈573(A)
Njengoba i-transformer iphumelela kakhulu, ingabonakala ingalahleki kule khompyutha, i.e.
Se=√3 I2e U2e
I2e=Se/(√3 U2e)=120000/(√3×10.5)=6600(A)
Uma izintambo zishintshwa zibe Y/Y-12, umthamo wayo uhlala ungashintshile.
Uma ushintshela ku-Y/Y-12:
U'2e=√3 U2e=√3 ×10.5=18.2(KV)
Lapho kusetshenziswa i-Y-connection, i-voltage yomugqa ingu-√3 izikhathi ze-voltage yesigaba
I'2e=Se/(√3 U'2e)=120000/(√3 ×√3 ×10.5)=3810(A)
I-Se-umthamo olinganiselwe we-transformer (KVA)
I-I1e, I2e—ngokulandelanayo isilinganiso samanje sezinhlangothi zamandla kagesi aphezulu naphansi we-transformer ku-Y/△-11 (A)
U1e, U2e—ngokulandelanayo i-voltage elinganiselwe yezinhlangothi zamandla kagesi aphezulu naphansi we-transformer lapho Y/△-11 (A)
I-I'2e, U'2e—ngokulandelanayo inani lamanje elilinganiselwe (A) kanye ne-voltage elinganiselwe (A) yezinhlangothi zamandla kagesi aphezulu naphansi we-transformer Y/Y-12.
Umthombo: I-inthanethi
CONTACT E-US
Thatha ithuba lolwazi lwethu nolwazi olungenakuqhathaniswa, sikunikeza isevisi engcono kakhulu yokwenza ngokwezifiso.
.
SHIYA UMLAYEZO
Sicela ugcwalise futhi uthumele ifomu elingezansi, sizokuthinta emahoreni angama-48, ngiyabonga!
REKUNCONYWA
Wonke akhiqizwa ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe eziqinile. Imikhiqizo yethu ithole umusa kuzo zombili izimakethe zasekhaya nezangaphandle.
