Isingeniso
i-transformer
Idivayisi eshintsha i-voltage, i-current, noma isigaba ngokuhlanganisa isekethe yamagnetic
Kungani ufunda ama-Transformers?
Ama-Transformer aziwa nangokuthi ama-motor e-AC amile

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Ama-transformer acwiliswe ku-oyela anezimpawu zokushabalalisa ukushisa okuhle, ukulahleka okuphansi, amandla amakhulu kanye nentengo ephansi. Njengamanje, iningi lama-transformer kagesi asebenza kugridi angama-transformer acwiliswe ku-oyela, lapho angaphezu kuka-80% apholiswa khona ukujikeleziswa kuka-oyela kwemvelo. Yisakhiwo sokupholisa esivame ukusetshenziswa ukusetha ipuleti eliqondisayo kukhoyili ye-transformer yokujikeleziswa kuka-oyela yemvelo. Leli phepha ligxile ekuhlaziyeni isakhiwo, ukusebenza kanye nokugcinwa kwama-transformer kagesi acwiliswe ku-oyela, futhi lihlaziya ngokukhethekile uhlelo luka-oyela lwama-transformer kagesi acwiliswe ku-oyela, futhi lihlaziya kafushane amaphutha ama-transformer kagesi acwiliswe ku-oyela. Ngiyethemba ukwandisa ukuqonda kanye nokuhlaziywa kwama-transformer kagesi acwiliswe ku-oyela ezweni lami.

Amaphutha e-transformer angahlukaniswa ngamaphutha angaphakathi kanye namaphutha angaphandle.


Amaphutha angaphakathi e-transformer abhekisela kumaphutha ayenzeka ethangini likawoyela we-transformer, kufaka phakathi i-phase-to-phase short circuit ye-winding ngayinye, i-inter-turn short circuit yokujikeleza, i-short circuit fault phakathi kwe-winding kanye ne-iron core, i-single-phase grounding fault ye-single-phase winding noma i-lead-out wire edlula egobolondweni, i-winding disconnection fault, njll. Amaphutha angaphandle e-transformer abhekisela kumaphutha ahlukahlukene ayenzeka e-external insulating bushing ye-transformer oil tank kanye nezintambo zayo ze-lead-out, kufaka phakathi i-single-phase grounding short-circuits kanye ne-phase-to-phase short-circuits phakathi kwezintambo ze-lead-out ezibangelwa yi-flashover noma i-insulating bushings ephukile.

Ukuhlolwa kokungathwali umthwalo: Sebenzisa i-voltage elinganisiwe yemvamisa elinganisiwe ye-sine wave kusuka ekugoqeni okuthile kwe-transformer (ngokuvamile kusuka ohlangothini lwesibili lwe-voltage ephansi), bese uvula amanye ama-windings ukuze ulinganise ukulahleka kwamandla okungenamthwalo kanye nokulahlekelwa umthwalo. Uma izimo zokuhlola zilinganiselwe futhi i-voltage yokunikezwa kwamandla ingakwazi ukufinyelela i-voltage elinganisiwe, ukuhlolwa kungenziwa ngaphansi kwezimo ze-voltage ezingalinganisiwe. Le ndlela yokuhlola inephutha elikhulu futhi ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa kuphela ukuhlola ukuthi i-transformer inephutha. I-voltage yokuhlola kuphela efinyelela ngaphezu kuka-80% we-voltage elinganisiwe.

01 I-Inrush yamanje
Uma i-transformer iqala ukunikezwa amandla, kwenzeka into ebizwa ngokuthi i-magnetizing inrush. Nakuba ama-inrush currents ngokuvamile engaphazamisi njenge-fault currents, isikhathi sama-magnetizing inrush currents silandelana ngemizuzwana (uma kuqhathaniswa nezikhathi ezine-fault currents).

Amadivayisi okuvikela ahambisanayo kufanele afakwe amaphutha okujikeleza okufushane kwezintambo ze-lead ze-transformer, ama-bushing kanye nezinto zangaphakathi, futhi kufanele ahlangabezane nezidingo ezilandelayo:
1) I-transformer esebenza kanye ye-10MVA nangaphezulu kanye ne-transformer esebenza ngokufanayo ye-6.3MVA nangaphezulu kufanele ifakwe isivikelo sokwehluka kwe-longitudinal. Ama-transformer abalulekile ane-6.3MVA nangaphansi asebenza ngokuzimela nawo angafakwa isivikelo sokwehluka kwe-longitudinal.
2) Ama-transformer angaphansi kwe-10MVA angafakelwa isivikelo sokuphuka okusheshayo kwamanje kanye nesivikelo sokukhuphuka komoya. Kuma-transformer e-2MVA nangaphezulu, lapho i-coefficient yokuzwela ukuphuka okusheshayo kwamanje ingahlangabezani nezidingo, kufanele kufakwe isivikelo sokwehluka kwe-longitudinal.
3) 0.4MVA nangaphezulu, i-voltage eyinhloko ingu-10kV nangaphansi, kanti ikhoyili iyi-transformer enoxhumano lwe-delta-star, futhi isivikelo sokushintshashintsha komoya esinohlobo lwe-relay ezintathu esingasetshenziswa.
4) Amadivayisi ahlukahlukene okuvikela achazwe kulesi sihloko azosebenza ukuze anqamule ama-circuit breaker ohlangothini ngalunye lwe-transformer.

Ukulahlekelwa amandla kwe-transformer kuhlukaniswe ngokulahlekelwa yinsimbi kanye nokulahlekelwa yithusi. Ukulahlekelwa yinsimbi kubizwa nangokuthi ukulahlekelwa okungenamthwalo, okuwukulahlekelwa kwayo okuzinzile. Empeleni kuwukulahlekelwa okubangelwa yi-iron core (okubizwa nangokuthi ukulahlekelwa yi-iron core, kanti ukulahlekelwa yithusi kubizwa nangokuthi ukulahlekelwa umthwalo).

Umgogodla ogoqekayo kanye nomgogodla wensimbi we-transformer yizona zinto eziyinhloko zokudlulisa nokuguqula amandla kagesi, futhi ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwawo okuphephile kuyinkinga abantu abakhathazekile ngayo. Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi iphutha libangelwa inkinga yomgogodla wensimbi, okuyindawo yesithathu engozini iyonke ye-transformer. Umnyango wokukhiqiza uqaphelisise amaphutha omgogodla we-transformer, futhi wenze intuthuko yobuchwepheshe ekuqapheni ipayipi lensimbi kanye nepayipi lensimbi engagqwali lomgogodla wensimbi nokuqinisekisa ukuthi iphansi kancane.

Lesi sihloko sibala kakhulu izinhlobo ezi-7 zezindlela zokwahlulela amaphutha kanye nokuhlaziywa kwesixazululo somsindo we-transformer wohlobo olomile. Uma kukhona iphutha noma ukushiywa, sicela ukukhombe endaweni yokuphawula.
Ukuhlaziywa kwezinhlobo ezi-7 zezindlela zokwahlulela amaphutha kanye nezixazululo zomsindo we-transformer wohlobo olomile
➢Izinkinga zomsindo wamafeni, ama-casing nezinye izingxenye
➢Izinkinga zokufakwa
➢ Ithonya lendawo yokufaka
➢Inkinga yokudlidliza kwebhuloho lebhasi
➢I-transformer core iyazivuselela ngokwayo.
➢I-Transformer coil self-resonance
➢Inkinga yohlobo lomthwalo

Ngokuthuthuka kohlelo lwamandla oluqondiswe ekongeni amandla kanye nobuhlakani, izidingo zekhwalithi, ukuthembeka kanye nokusebenza kwemishini yokudlulisa amandla kanye nokusabalalisa kanye nokulawula ziyathuthuka kancane kancane. Ukuze kulungiswe futhi kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo semakethe, abakhiqizi bemishini yokudlulisa amandla kanye nokusabalalisa kanye nokulawula bayaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa isakhiwo somkhiqizo, bathuthukise ukusebenza komkhiqizo, futhi baqinise i-R&D ezimele kanye nokuhlola ubuchwepheshe obusha, izimboni ezintsha, amafomethi amasha, kanye namamodeli amasha. Intuthuko yayo iveza izitayela ezilandelayo:

Ukuze kuxazululwe ingozi yesekethe emfushane ye-transformer ekusebenzeni kwansuku zonke, kubalulekile ukuthola umongo wenkinga ngokuhlola nokuhlola. Uma i-transformer ihlushwa yisekethe emfushane engazelelwe, izinhlangothi ze-voltage ephezulu nephansi zizoba ngaphansi komugqa omkhulu wesekethe emfushane. Esikhathini esifushane lapho i-circuit breaker ingenaso isikhathi sokunqamula, amandla kagesi akhiqizwa yi-short circuit current, okulingana nesikwele samandla kagesi, azosebenza ekugoqeni kwe-transformer. La mandla kagesi angahlukaniswa ngamandla e-radial kanye namandla e-axial. Uma kwenzeka isekethe emfushane, amandla e-radial asebenza ekugoqeni azokwenza ukugoqa kwe-HV kube ngaphansi kokucindezeleka kanti ukugoqa kwe-LV kube ngaphansi kokucindezeleka. Njengoba ukugoqa kuyindilinga, into eyindilinga iguquguquka kalula ngaphansi kokucindezeleka kunangaphansi kokucindezeleka, ngakho ukugoqa kwe-voltage ephansi kuguquguquka kalula. Amandla e-axial akhiqizwa uma kwenzeka isekethe emfushane engazelelwe acindezela ukugoqa futhi abangele ukufuduka kwe-axial kokugoqa kwe-voltage ephezulu nephansi. Amandla e-axial asebenza nasenkabeni yensimbi kanye nama-clamp. Ngakho-ke, uma i-transformer ihlushwa yi-short circuit engazelelwe, i-low-voltage winding kanye ne-balance winding cishe izokhubazeka, kulandelwe i-high-voltage winding, i-iron core kanye ne-clamp. Ngaphezu kokuhlola ama-windings amakhulu, ama-iron cores, ama-clamps kanye nezinye izingxenye ngemuva kwengozi ye-transformer short-circuit, uchungechunge lwezinkinga ezihlobene kufanele lunakwe ngesikhathi senqubo yokuphatha: