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Ukwakhiwa kwe-oyile ye-transformer

Inxalenye ephambili ye-oyile-isigaba sesithathu i-oil-immersed transformer iqulethwe yintsimbi evaliweyo kunye nesethi yomoya kwikholamu yentsimbi. Ukongeza, kukho iitanki zamafutha, izinto ezigcina ioyile, iikhaseji, izixhobo zokuphefumla, imibhobho yokuthintela uqhushumbo, iiradiyetha, izitshintshi zetephu, iireyilayi zerhasi, ithemometha, izicoci zeoyile, njl.njl.

1) undoqo wentsimbi

Undoqo wentsimbi yinxalenye yesekethe yamagnetic ye-transformer. Ukuze kuncitshiswe i-hysteresis yamagnetic kunye nelahleko ye-eddy yangoku kwi-iron core, i-iron core yenziwe nge-0.35mm ~ 0.5mm amashiti ensimbi ye-silicon. Ngokwelungiselelo le-windings kumbindi wentsimbi, kukho uhlobo olungundoqo lwentsimbi kunye nohlobo lweqokobhe lentsimbi. Inxalenye ethe tye yentsimbi yentsimbi ye-transformer yesigaba sesithathu ibizwa ngokuba yikholomu yentsimbi, kwaye i-low-voltage winding kunye ne-high-voltage winding of transformer ihlanganiswe kwikholomu; indawo ethe tyaba ibizwa ngokuba yidyokhwe yentsimbi, esetyenziselwa ukwenza isiphaluka esivaliweyo samagnetic.

Kwiziguquli ezinomthamo omkhulu, ukwenzela ukuba ubushushu obuveliswe ngokulahlekelwa kwentsimbi yentsimbi buthathwe ngokupheleleyo yi-oyile ekhuselayo ngexesha lokujikeleza, ukuze kuphunyezwe umphumo omuhle wokupholisa, iipaseji zeoli zokupholisa zihlala zibonelelwa kwi-iron core.

(2) Ukugquma

I-winding, ebizwa ngokuba yi-coil, inxalenye yesiphaluka ye-transformer kwaye ihlulwe kwi-primary and secondary windings. Ukujija okudityaniswe kunikezelo lwamandla kubizwa ngokuba kukujija okuphambili, kwaye ukujija okudityaniswe kumthwalo kubizwa ngokuba kukujija okwesibini. I-windings ephambili kunye neyesibini inxeba ngobhedu okanye iingcingo ze-aluminium ezihlanganiswe nge-insulation ephezulu.

I-windings ephambili kunye neyesibini yesigaba ngasinye se-transformer yesigaba sesithathu senziwe kwimilo ye-cylindrical kunye nemikhono kwikholamu enye yentsimbi, i-low-voltage winding enenani elincinci lokujika ifakwe ngaphakathi kwaye isondele kwintsimbi yentsimbi. kunye ne-high-voltage winding enenani elikhulu lokujika lifakwe i-sleeve ngaphandle kwe-low-voltage winding. Oku kubekwa kungenxa yokuba kulula ukuba i-low-voltage winding ifake i-core. Umkhono owenziwe nge-insulating material usetyenziselwa ukwahlula i-low-voltage winding kunye ne-core core yentsimbi kunye naphakathi kwe-high-voltage winding kunye ne-low-voltage winding ukuze ibafake ngokuthembekileyo. Ukuze kuququzelelwe ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu, i-gap ethile ishiywe phakathi kwee-windings eziphezulu kunye nezantsi njenge-oil passage, ukwenzela ukuba ioli ye-transformer ikwazi ukuhamba.

Iimpazamo eziphambili ze-transformer windings ziyi-short-circuit phakathi kokujika kunye ne-short-circuit kwi-casing. I-turn-turn-turn short circuit ikakhulu ngenxa yokuguga kwe-insulation, okanye ngenxa yokugqithiswa kwe-transformer kunye nomonakalo owenziwe ngoomatshini kwi-insulation ngexesha lokunqumla isiphaluka esifutshane. Inqanaba leoli kwi-transformer yehla, ukwenzela ukuba xa i-winding ibonakaliswe kwinqanaba leoli, i-inter-turn short circuit nayo ingenzeka; ukongeza, xa kukho i-cross-circuit, i-winding ikhubazekile ngenxa yempembelelo ye-overcurrent, kwaye i-insulation yonakaliswe ngomatshini, kunye ne-inter-turn short circuit nayo iya kwenzeka.

Xa imfutshane phakathi kojiko, umsinga kwi-winding shorting inokugqithisa ixabiso elilinganisiweyo, kodwa umsinga ojikelezayo ngokubanzi awunakudlula ixabiso elilinganisiweyo. Kule meko, ukukhuselwa kwegesi kusebenza, kwaye isixhobo sokukhusela ngokwahlukileyo siya kusebenza kwakhona xa imeko inzima.

Isizathu se-short-circuit kwi-casing kwakhona ngenxa yokuguga kwe-insulation okanye umswakama kwioli, ukuhla kwinqanaba leoli, okanye ngenxa yombane kunye nokusebenza ngokugqithisileyo. Ukongezelela, xa i-cross-circuit isenzeka, i-winding ikhubazekile ngenxa ye-overcurrent, kwaye i-short-circuit kwi-casing iya kwenzeka. Xa i-short-circuiting i-casing, ngokuqhelekileyo isenzo sesixhobo sokukhusela igesi kunye nesenzo sokukhusela umhlaba.

(3) Itanki yamafutha

I-tank yeoli yi-casing yangaphandle ye-transformer, i-core core kunye ne-windings ifakwe kuyo, kwaye igcwele ioli ye-transformer. Kwiziguquli ezinomthamo omkhulu, iisinki zokushisa okanye imibhobho yokushisa ifakwe ngaphandle kwetanki. Ukuvuza kwe-oyile yingxaki eqhelekileyo kwiitanki zamafutha.

Ioyile yeTransformer yioyile yeminerali eneempawu ezintle zokugquma, enemisebenzi emibini:

Eyokuqala yi-insulation. Ukusebenza kwe-insulation ye-oyile ye-transformer kungcono kunomoya. Ukucwiliswa kwee-windings kwioli kunokuphucula ukusebenza kwe-insulation yeendawo ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ugweme ukudibanisa nomoya ukukhusela i-windings ukuba ibe manzi;

Okwesibini yimpembelelo yokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu, esebenzisa i-convection yeoli ukutshabalalisa ubushushu obuveliswa ngumbindi wentsimbi kunye nokucima ukuya ngaphandle ngodonga lwebhokisi kunye nombhobho wokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu. Ioli ye-transformer ihlukaniswe kwiinkcukacha ezintathu: No. 10, No. Iindawo zabo zokukhenkceza zi--10°C, -25°C, kunye ne-45°C, ezikhethwa ngokubanzi ngokwemozulu yendawo.

(4) Isilondolozi se-oyile (umqamelo weoyile)

Isilondolozi se-oyile, esaziwa ngokuba ngumqamelo we-oyile, sisikhongozeli esisicylindrical esibekwe ngokuthe tye phezu kwetanki yeoli kwaye siqhagamshelwe kwitanki yeoli yesiguquli ngombhobho. Umthamo womgcini we-oyile uqhelekile malunga ne-10% yomthamo wetanki yeoli. I-oyile ye-oyile iyisigcini se-oyile yohlobo lwe-capsule, kwaye i-capsule ihlukanisa i-oyile kwi-oyile yokulondoloza i-oyile emoyeni wangaphandle. Xa i-oyile ye-transformer yandiswa nge-thermal, ioli iphuma kwi-oyile ye-oyile ukuya kwi-oil conservator; xa i-oyile ye-transformer iyancipha, ioli iphuma kwi-oil conservator ukuya kwi-tank yeoli. Umgcini weoyile unemisebenzi emibini: Okokuqala, xa umthamo weoli ye-oyile ye-transformer ikhula okanye iyancipha ngokutshintsha kweqondo lokushisa kweoli, umgcini we-oyile usebenza njengokugcinwa kweoli kunye nokuzaliswa kwakhona, ukuqinisekisa ukuba itanki yeoli igcwele ioli kunye nentsimbi yentsimbi kunye ne-winding. zimanzi. Kwioli; okwesibini kukunciphisa indawo yokudibanisa phakathi kwendawo yeoli kunye nomoya ukukhusela ioli ye-transformer ukuba ingabi namanzi kwaye iyancipha.

Umboniso wenqanaba le-oyile wesilondolozi se-oyile wamkela intonga yokudibanisa inqanaba le-oyile ye-ferromagnetic ukujonga inqanaba leoli. I-oyile yezinga le-oyile ibhalwe ngomgca wezinga le-oyile xa ubushushu be-oyile bu-30 ℃, +20 ℃ kunye ne- +40 ℃, esetyenziswa njengomgangatho wokuzaliswa kweoli. + 40 ℃ kwinqanaba le-oyile uphawu lubonisa ubuninzi bezinga leoli le-transformer ekusebenzeni komthwalo ogcweleyo xa ubushushu obuphezulu bendawo yokufakela i- +40 ℃, kwaye izinga leoli alifanele lidlule kulo mgca; + 20 ℃ ibonisa inqanaba leoli xa ubushushu obuphakathi bonyaka bu +20 ℃ ngexesha lokusebenza komthwalo ogcweleyo Ubude; -30 ℃ ithetha umgca wenqanaba le-oyile elincinci le-transformer engalayishwanga xa imo engqongileyo i -30 ℃, kwaye akufanele ibe ngaphantsi kwalo mgca. Ukuba inqanaba leoli liphantsi kakhulu, yongeza ioli. Umqamelo weoyile unemingxuma yokuphefumla, ukuze indawo ephezulu yomqamelo weoyile inxibelelane nomoya. Xa i-oyile ye-transformer ikhula kwaye ivumelane nobushushu, umoya ongaphezulu komqamelo weoyile ungena kwaye uphume ngomngxuma wokuphefumla, kwaye inqanaba leoli linokunyuka okanye liwe ukunqanda ukuguqulwa okanye ukonakaliswa kwetanki yeoli.

(5) Umkhono

Intambo ekhokelayo ye-transformer winding ixhunyiwe kwisiphaluka sangaphandle ngokusebenzisa intonga yesikhokelo. I-bushing yi-insulator phakathi kwentonga yesikhokelo kunye nebhokisi yebhokisi, edlala indima yokukhusela kunye nokulungisa intonga yesikhokelo. Kukho iindidi ezimbini ze-casing: i-casing yoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye ne-low pressure casing.

umkhono wokugquma

Iingcingo ezikhokelayo zee-windings ze-transformer kufuneka zidlule kwimikhono ye-insulating ukuze zifake iintambo eziphilileyo xa ziphuma kwi-tank kwaye ziphuma kwi-tank. Umkhono we-insulating uqulunqwe yintonga ephakathi kwe-conductive kunye ne-sleeve magnetic. Esinye isiphelo sentonga ye-conductive kwi-tank ye-fuel idibaniswe ne-winding, kwaye enye isiphelo ngaphandle idibaniswe nesiphaluka sangaphandle. Iyinxalenye yempazamo ye-transformer.

Ukwakhiwa kwe-insulating bushing ikakhulu kuxhomekeke kwiklasi yombane. Kwi-voltage ephantsi, umkhono wemagnethi olula oqinileyo usetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Xa i-voltage iphezulu, ukwenzela ukuqinisa amandla okunyusa, i-oyile egcwele i-oyile ishiywe phakathi kwe-sleeve ye-porcelain kunye nentonga yokuqhuba. Olu hlobo lwe-bushing lubizwa ngokuba yi-oil-filled bushing. Xa i-voltage ingaphezulu kwe-110kV, i-capacitive charging bushing isetyenziswa, ekubhekiselwa kuyo njenge-capacitive bushing ngokufutshane. Ukongeza kokuzalisa umngxuma wangaphakathi womkhono weporcelain ngeoyile, i-capacitive bushing ikwanayo ne-capacitive insulator phakathi kwentonga ephakathi (umbhobho wobhedu ongenanto) kunye neflange yokusonga intonga yokuhambisa njengonxibelelwano oluphambili phakathi kweflange kunye ne-conductive. intonga. ukugquma.

Ukuvuza kweoli ye-transformer bushing yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo. Isizathu sokuvuza kwe-oyile ye-bushing kukuguga kwe-abacus ye-beaded rubber ring yokutywina kwindawo ephezulu ye-bushing kunye ne-rubber flat gasket ezantsi kwe-bushing.

(6) Isincedisi sokuphefumla

I-respirator, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-hygroscopic device, ngokuqhelekileyo iqulethe i-tube kunye nesitya seglasi kunye ne-desiccant (i-silica gel okanye i-alumina esebenzayo) ngaphakathi. Xa umoya kwi-oyile pillow ikhula okanye iyancipha kunye nomthamo weoli ye-transformer, umoya ophelileyo okanye ophefumulayo udlula kwi-respirator, kwaye i-desiccant kwi-respirator ithatha umswakama emoyeni kwaye ihluze umoya ukugcina ioli icocekile. Ijeli ye-silica efakwe kwi-cobalt chloride, amasuntswana ayo ayi-cobalt eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka xa yomile, kodwa njengoko ijeli ye-silica ifunxa amanzi kwaye isondele kwi-saturation, ijeli ye-silica yegranular iya kujika ibe ngumgubo omhlophe okanye obomvu, kwaye inokugwetywa ukuba ijeli ye-silica inayo. ayiphumelelanga. Ijeli ye-silica emanzi inokuvuselelwa ngokufudumeza kunye nokomisa. Xa umbala we-silica gel particles uba yi-cobalt blue, umsebenzi wokuhlaziya ugqityiwe.

(7) Isixhobo sokunciphisa uxinzelelo

Izixhobo zokunciphisa uxinzelelo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni abaguquli bamandla. Kwi-transformer yamandla ezaliswe yioyile ye-transformer, ukuba kukho impazamo yangaphakathi okanye isiphaluka esifutshane, i-arcing iya kukhupha ioli ngokukhawuleza, okukhokelela ekunyukeni ngokukhawuleza koxinzelelo kwitanki. Ukuba olu xinzelelo alukhutshwa ngokukhawuleza, itanki yepetroli inokugqabhuka, itshize amafutha anokutsha kwindawo enkulu, okunokubangela umlilo kwaye kubangele umonakalo omkhulu, ngoko kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo okuthintela oku kungenzeki. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zezixhobo zokukhupha uxinzelelo: umbhobho wobungqina bokuqhuma kunye nokukhululwa koxinzelelo. Umbhobho wobungqina bokuqhuma usetyenziselwa abaguquli abancinci, kwaye ukukhutshwa koxinzelelo kusetyenziselwa abaguquli abakhulu naphakathi.

Umbhobho ongagqabhukiyo (owaziwa ngokuba ngumbhobho wokutofa ngamafutha)

Umbhobho wokutshatyalaliswa kokuqhuma ufakwe kwikhava eliphezulu le-transformer, umbhobho owenziwe ngexilongo uxhunywe emoyeni, kwaye i-nozzle ivalwe ngefilimu. Xa kukho impazamo ngaphakathi kwe-transformer, ukushisa kweoli kuphakama, ioli ichithwa ngobudlova ukuze ivelise inani elikhulu legesi, kwaye uxinzelelo kwitanki yeoli lukhula ngokukhawuleza. Xa uxinzelelo kwitanki yeoli luphakama ukuya kwi-5 × 104Pa, ifilimu yombhobho wobungqina bokuqhuma iphukile, kwaye ioli kunye negesi zikhutshwa kwi-nozzle ukukhusela ukuqhuma okanye ukuguqulwa kwetanki yeoli ye-transformer.

umkhuseli woxinzelelo

Xa kuthelekiswa nemibhobho yobungqina bokuqhuma, i-pressure releasers ineenzuzo zephutha elincinci lokuvula uxinzelelo, ixesha elifutshane lokulibaziseka (kuphela i-2ms), ukulawulwa kokushisa okuphezulu, kunye nesenzo esiphindaphindiweyo, ngoko ke zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-transformers enkulu kunye nephakathi.

Isixhobo sokukhutshwa kwengcinezelo sikwabizwa ngokuba yi-pressure reducer, efakwe kwi-cover top of the tank transformer, efana ne-valve yokukhusela kwibhoyili. Xa uxinzelelo kwi-tank yepetroli idlula ixabiso elichaziweyo, umnyango wokutywina (i-valve) ye-pressure release ityhilwa, igesi ikhutshwe, kwaye emva kokuba uxinzelelo luncitshisiwe, umnyango wokutywina uvala kwakhona ngoxinzelelo lwentwasahlobo. Ukukhutshwa koxinzelelo kunokususwa ngaphambi kokuba kusetyenziswe okanye ngexesha lokugcinwa ukulinganisa kunye nokulungisa uxinzelelo lwayo lokusebenza.

Ukulungelelaniswa koxinzelelo olusebenzayo lomkhuseli woxinzelelo kufuneka lulungelelaniswe kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwesantya sokuhamba komsebenzi we-relay yegesi.

Ukukhutshwa koxinzelelo kufakwe kwindawo ephezulu yesivalo setanki yamafutha, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kudityaniswe nombhobho wokunyuka ukuze ubude bomkhuseli bulingane nobude bomqamelo we-oyile, ukuze kupheliswe umahluko woxinzelelo olumileyo lweoyile. uxinzelelo phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo.

(8) Iradiator

Ifom ye-radiator i-corrugated, i-fan-shaped, i-circular, i-exhaust pipe, njl njl. Ubukhulu bendawo yokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu, bhetele umphumo wokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu. Xa kukho umahluko weqondo lobushushu phakathi kobushushu be-oyile yomgangatho ongaphezulu we-transformer kunye nobushushu be-oyile bomgangatho ophantsi, i-convection yeoli yenziwa ngeradiyetha, kwaye ibuyela kwitanki yeoli emva kokupholisa irediyetha. , okunciphisa ukushisa kwe-transformer. Ukuze kuphuculwe umphumo wokupholisa we-transformer, amanyathelo afana nokupholisa umoya, ukupholisa umoya we-oyile ngenkani kunye nokupholisa kwamanzi okunyanzeliswa kweoli kunokwamkelwa. Ukusilela okuphambili kweradiyetha kukuvuza kweoyile.

(9) Ukuhanjiswa kwerhasi yaseBuchholz

Faka i-Buchholz relay phakathi komgcini weoli kunye nombhobho wokudibanisa we-transformer tank cover ngokusebenzisa i-flange. Ngexesha lokusebenza, i-Buchholz relay igcwele ioli. Xa impazamo encinci isenzeka ngaphakathi kwi-transformer kunye namaqamza enziwe, aya kuqala aqokelele kwindawo ephezulu ye-Buchholz relay. Kwaye unyanzelise inqanaba le-oyile ukuba lehle, ukuze ikomityi engaphezulu yokuvula ilahlekelwe buoyancy kwaye ubunzima bayo bunyuke, ukuze ijike iye kwelinye icala, isenza umazibuthe usondele kwiswitshi yengcongolo. Umgaqo wohlobo olusezantsi lwebhaffle luyafana.

(10) Isixhobo sokulinganisa ubushushu

Ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kwe-oyile kubhekiselele kwixabiso lokuba iqondo lokushisa kwe-oyile kwi-tank yeoli livumelekile ukuba lidlule ubushushu be-ambient xa i-transformer isebenza phantsi kobume obulinganisiweyo.

Ubushushu be-oyile bomzimba oyintloko we-transformer bubekwe okwethutyana kwi-alarm kwi-80 ° C kunye nohambo kwi-100 ° C.

(11) Imela yokumisa engathathi hlangothi

Indlela yokumisa indawo engathathi hlangothi yenkqubo yamandla yelizwe lam eyi-110kV ikakhulu isebenzisa indlela yokumisa ngokuthe ngqo kwindawo engathathi hlangothi (kuquka indlela yokumisa indawo engathathi hlangothi ngokuxhathisa okuncinci), oko kukuthi, inkqubo enkulu yangoku yokumisa. Ngenxa yokuba inkqubo inomhlaba omkhulu we-short-circuit current xa kukho impazamo yomhlaba wesigaba esisodwa.

Xa i-transformer ivaliwe, indawo yayo engathathi hlangothi kufuneka isekelwe. Ngenxa yokuba i-transformer winding i-semi-insulated (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-insulation graded insulation), oko kukuthi, i-insulation engundoqo ye-insulation ye-feature-neutral part of the winding winding, inqanaba layo lokugquma liphantsi kunenqanaba lokugquma lesiphelo sokuphela. Ngoko ke, ukwenzela ukukhusela umonakalo ogqithiseleyo kwi-transformer, indawo engathathi hlangothi kufuneka isekelwe xa i-transformer ivaliwe.

(12) Cofa itshintshi (ekwabizwa ngokuba sisitshitsha)

Xa i-oyile ye-oyile isetyenziselwa i-voltage elawula i-voltage elawula i-transformer, i-oyile yokutshintsha i-oyile ngaphandle kwee-capsules ifakwe ezantsi kwe-oyile ye-oyile.

Iindlela zolawulo lwamandla ombane oguquliweyo zohlulwe zibe ziindidi ezimbini: ulawulo lwevoltheji ekulayishweni kunye nokulawulwa komthamo wombane:

Ukulawulwa kwamandla ombane kumthwalo kuthetha ukuba i-transformer inokulungelelanisa indawo yayo yempompo ngexesha lokusebenza, ngaloo ndlela itshintsha umlinganiselo wenguqu ye-transformer ukufezekisa injongo yolawulo lombane.

Iimpompo zeTransformer zicofa ngokubanzi kwicala le-voltage ephezulu, eqwalasela ikakhulu:

(1) I-high-voltage winding ye-transformer ngokuqhelekileyo ingaphandle, kwaye impompo kulula ukuyidibanisa;

(2) Umsinga kwicala le-high-voltage lincinci, kwaye i-conductor cross-section ye-lead wire kunye nenxalenye yangoku ye-switch switch incinci, kwaye impembelelo yoqhagamshelwano olubi lunokulungiswa lula.

Ngokomgaqo, impompo ingaba macala omabini, kwaye uthelekiso lwezoqoqosho kunye nobugcisa luyafuneka. Umzekelo, impompo ye-500kV yesiguquli sokuhla esikhulu sitsalwa kwicala le-220kV, ngelixa icala le-500kV lizinzile.

Xa i-voltage iphantsi kakhulu okanye iphezulu kakhulu, kwaye kufuneka uhlengahlengise iimpompo ezininzi ze-tap-changer elayishiweyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno, kuyafuneka ukuba uhoye imeko:

Kufuneka ilungiswe igiya enye ngexesha, oko kukuthi, ngalo lonke ixesha iqhosha le-N+1 okanye i-N-1 licinezelwe, liya kunqumama ngomzuzu omnye phakathi, kwaye xa kuvela inombolo entsha kwisalathiso sesixhobo, cofa iqhosha kwakhona. Phinda le nkqubo ingentla ngokulandelelana de kufike injongo yokugqibela. Xa umsebenzi wombane uqhagamshelwe (oko kukuthi, umsebenzi omnye, ngaphezulu kwempompo enye iya kulungelelaniswa, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-sliding), indawo yesibini yempompo kufuneka ibonakale kwisalathisi sesixhobo solawulo lwesikrini esiphambili, kwaye ngokukhawuleza ucinezele iqhosha likaxakeka. . Misa iqhosha kwaye utshintshele ekusebenzeni ngesandla.

(13) Isicoci se-oyile (ekwaziwa ngokuba sisihluzo somahluko wobushushu)

I-oyile yokucoca i-container egcwele i-adsorbent (i-silica gel okanye i-alumina esebenzayo), efakwe kudonga olusecaleni lwetanki ye-transformer okanye inxalenye esezantsi ye-oyile epholileyo epholileyo. Xa i-transformer isebenza, ngenxa yokwahlukana kweqondo lokushisa phakathi kwee-oyile eziphezulu kunye nezantsi, i-oyile ye-transformer idlula kwi-oyile yokucoca ukusuka phezulu ukuya phezulu ukuze yenze i-convection. Xa ioli idibanisa ne-adsorbent, umswakama, i-acids kunye ne-oxides kuyo ifakwe kuyo, yenza ioli ihlambuluke kwaye ikhulise ubomi benkonzo yeoli.

Inkqubo yeoli ye-oyile intywiliselwe i-transformer

Iziguquli zeoyile ezintywiliselweyo zineenkqubo ezininzi zeoyile ezizimeleyo ezizimeleyo enye kwenye. Xa i-oil-immersed transformer isebenza, ioli kwezi nkqubo zeoyile ezizimeleyo azixhunyiwe kunye, kwaye umgangatho weoli kunye neemeko zokusebenza nazo zihluke.

(1) Inkqubo yeoli yangaphakathi emzimbeni

Iinkqubo ze-oyile ezinxibelelana ne-oyile ezijikeleze amajiko-jiko zizo zonke iinkqubo ezikumzimba oyintloko, kubandakanywa i-oyile ekwindawo epholileyo okanye kwiradiyetha, i-oyile ekwisigcini se-oyile, kunye ne-oyile ekwi-oyile egcwele i-oyile ye-35kV nangaphantsi.

Xa ugcwalisa ioli, iiplagi zegazi zegesi ezigcinwe kwinkqubo yeoli kufuneka zikhutshwe. Ngokubanzi, la macandelo angentla kufuneka abe neeplagi zawo zokopha. Ioyile kumzimba oyintloko idlala indima enkulu yokugquma kunye nokupholisa. I-oyile iphinda inyuse amandla ombane wephepha le-insulating okanye i-insulating cardboard. Ngexesha lokuzaliswa kweoli ye-vacuum, ukuba ezinye iindawo azikwazi ukumelana namandla afanayo okucoca njengetanki yeoli enkulu, ukuhlukaniswa kwesango lexeshana, njenge-valve yesango phakathi komgcini we-oyile kunye ne-oyile enkulu, kufuneka isetyenziswe. Intloko yepompo yeoli ephantsi kwamanzi kwi-cooler kufuneka yanele ukuphepha ukuphefumla umoya ngenxa yoxinzelelo olubi. Le nkqubo yeoli kufuneka ibe nenkqubo yokukhusela isixhobo sokunciphisa uxinzelelo ukuze isuse uxinzelelo oluveliswayo xa umzimba ungalunganga.

(2) I-oyile kwindawo yokutshintsha i-diverter ye-tap-changer elayishiweyo

Le nxalenye ye-oyile inenkqubo yayo yokukhusela, oko kukuthi i-flow relay, isilondolozi se-oyile, ivalve yokukhulula uxinzelelo. Ioli kweli gumbi lokutshintsha lisebenza njenge-insulation kwaye licima langoku. I-oyile iya kungena kwi-oyile eyenziwe xa i-diverter switch inqumla umthwalo wangoku. Le nkqubo yeoli idinga ukusebenza kakuhle kokutywinwa, kunye nokusebenza kokutywinwa kufuneka kukhuselwe nangona uxinzelelo lwe-arc lwenziwa ngexesha lokutshintsha.

Nangona ioyile ekwigumbi lokutshintsha i-diverter ye-tap-changer elayishiweyo yodwa kwioyile kumzimba ophambili, ukunqanda ukonakalisa itywina legumbi lokutshintsha kwe-diverter ngexesha lokuzaliswa kweoyile, kufuneka ifakwe i-vacuum efakwe i-oyile. ngexesha elifanayo neoli kumzimba oyintloko. Inkqubo inezinga elifanayo le-vacuum, ukuba kuyimfuneko, umlondolozi weoli wale nkqubo kufuneka aphinde abe yedwa xa ephuma. Ukulungelelaniswa kwesakhiwo, itanki yokugcina i-oyile yomzimba oyintloko kunye netanki yokugcina ioli yegumbi lokutshintsha yenzelwe ukuba ihluke ngokupheleleyo komnye nomnye.

(3) Ivalwe ngokupheleleyo kumanqanaba ombane angama-60kV nangaphezulu

Umsebenzi oyintloko wale nkqubo yeoli ku-insulate, okanye ukwandisa amandla ombane wephepha lokukhusela kwi-oil capacitor bushing. Xa i-oyile ifakwe kumzimba oyintloko, i-terminal ekupheleni komkhono kufuneka ivalwe kakuhle ukuphepha ukungena komoya.

umfanekiso

(4) I-oyile kwibhokisi yokukhupha uxinzelelo oluphezulu, okanye i-oyile kwibhokisi yegesi

Umgca we-high-voltage ophumayo wesigaba sesithathu se-500kV i-transformer yodwa ngenkqubo ye-oyile yokugquma. Le nkqubo yeoli isebenza ikakhulu njenge-insulation.

Ukuze kube lula ulwakhiwo, le nkqubo yeoli inokudityaniswa nenkqubo yeoli kumzimba oyintloko ngombhobho wokudibanisa okanye uyilwe njengenkqubo yeoli eyahlukileyo.

(5) Iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo zokugquma ziyenziwa kwi-oyile-immersed transformers

Eyokuqala iyopha, ekhupha igesi enokuthi igcinwe ngeplagi yokopha. Ubukho okanye ukungabikho kokungaphumeleli okunokwenzeka kunokuqikelelwa ngokuhlalutya uhlalutyo lwe-chromatographic yegesi kwi-oyile yenkqubo nganye. Inkqubo nganye yeoli kufuneka ihlangabezane neemfuno zokusebenza, njengokufunxa utshintsho lwe-oyile xa i-oyile isanda kunye neekhontrakthi, ivalve yokukhutshwa kweoyile, iplagi yomoya, ivalve yokwahlula kwindawo epholileyo kunye neradiyetha kunye netanki yeoli ephambili, njl. Inkqubo nganye yeoli inomsebenzi omhle wokutywina. Ioyile ekwigumbi lokutshintshela itephu etshintshayo kufuneka itshintshwe ngokwahlukileyo ngaphandle kokukhulula ioyile kumzimba oyintloko. Ioli kumzimba oyintloko inokukhutshwa kwaye izaliswe nge-nitrogen eyomileyo ngexesha lokuthutha.

Uhlalutyo lwempazamo ye-Oli-immersed Transformer

Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo ze-transformers ekusebenzeni ziquka iimpazamo ze-windings, i-bushings, i-tap-changers, i-iron cores, iitanki yeoli kunye nezinye izixhobo.

(1) Ukungaphumeleli kwamavili

Kukho ubukhulu becala i-inter-turn short circuit, i-winging grounding, i-inter-phase short circuit, i-wire breakage kunye ne-joint welding.

(2) Ukungaphumeleli kwebhokisi

I-transformer bushing iyonakala, ibangela ukungcoliseka kwe-flashover kwinkungu enzima okanye imvula elula, eyenza isiseko sesigaba esisodwa okanye isigaba-to-isigaba esifutshane-kwicala le-voltage ephezulu ye-transformer.

(3) Ukuvuza okunzulu

Ukuvuza kweoli ye-transformer kunzulu okanye ngokuqhubekayo kuphuphuma kwindawo eyonakeleyo, ukwenzela ukuba i-oyile yezinga le-oyile ingakwazi ukubona inqanaba leoli. Ngeli xesha, i-transformer kufuneka imiswe ngokukhawuleza ukulungisa ukuvuza kunye ne-refuel. Isizathu sokuvuza kweoli ye-transformer yi-welding seam cracking okanye ukutywinwa kweengxenye ezihlulekayo, kwaye itanki yepetroli igxininiswe kakhulu kwaye yonakaliswe yi-vibration kunye namandla angaphandle ngexesha lokusebenza.

(4) Ukungaphumeleli kokutshintsha umpompo

Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukudibanisa kakubi okanye indawo engafanelekanga yokutshintsha impompo, ukunyibilika kunye nokutshisa kwindawo yokudibanisa, kunye nokukhutshwa koqhagamshelwano lwe-interphase okanye ukukhutshwa kwempompo nganye.

(5) Ukungaphumeleli ngenxa ye-overvoltage

Xa i-transformer esebenzayo ibethelwa ngumbane, ngenxa yokukhanya okuphezulu kombane, kuya kubangela ukugqithisa ngaphandle kwe-transformer. Xa ezinye iiparamitha zenkqubo yamandla zitshintsha, ngenxa ye-electromagnetic oscillation, iya kubangela ukugqithisa ngaphakathi kwe-transformer. Uninzi lomonakalo we-transformer obangelwa ukugqithiswa kwe-overvoltage kukuchithwa kwe-insulation main of the winding, okubangelwa ukusilela kwe-transformer.

(6) Ukungaphumeleli kwentsimbi yentsimbi

Ukusilela kondoqo wentsimbi ubukhulu becala kubangelwa ngumonakalo wokugquma kwe-screw engundoqo yekholamu engundoqo yentsimbi okanye isikrufu sokubamba sombindi wentsimbi.

(7) Ukuvuza kwe-oyile

Ukuba ioli yeoli ye-oyile ye-transformer iphantsi kakhulu, i-bushing ikhokelela kunye ne-tap changer ibonakaliswe emoyeni, kwaye inqanaba le-insulation liya kuncitshiswa kakhulu, ngoko kulula ukubangela ukukhutshwa kokuphuka.

Ukusebenza kunye nokugcinwa kweTransformer

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo kunye nokunikezelwa kwamandla okuthembekileyo kwi-transformer, xa imeko engaqhelekanga isenzeka kwi-transformer, inokufunyanwa ngexesha, iqhutywe ngexesha, kwaye isuse impazamo kwi-bud ukuthintela ukwenzeka kunye nokwandiswa ingozi. Ngoko ke, i-transformer esebenzayo kufuneka ihlolwe rhoqo. kwaye wenze irekhodi ebalekayo.

(1) Indlela yokusebenza eqhelekileyo ye-transformer

① Imo yokusebenza ekalisiweyo

Ngaphantsi kweemeko zokupholisa ezichaziweyo, i-transformer inokusebenza ngokweenkcukacha kwi-nameplate. Ukushisa okuvumelekileyo kwe-oyile-i-transformer ngexesha lokusebenza kufuneka kuhlolwe ngokuhambelana nokushisa kweoli ephezulu. Ukushisa kweoli ephezulu kufuneka kuhambelane nemimiselo yomenzi, kodwa ubuninzi akufanele budlule i-95 ℃. Ukuze uthintele i-oyile ye-transformer ekuwohlokeni ngokukhawuleza, iqondo lokushisa eliphezulu le-oyile akufanele lidlule kwi-85 ℃ rhoqo.

I-voltage esetyenzisiweyo ye-transformer ayiyi kudlula i-105% yexabiso elilinganisiweyo. Ngeli xesha, icala lesibini le-transformer liyakwazi ukuthwala i-current rated current. Kwiimeko zomntu ngamnye, i-voltage esetyenzisiweyo ingaba yi-110% yombane olinganisiweyo emva kovavanyo okanye ngesivumelwano somenzi.

② Vumela ukugcwala

Iziguquli zingasebenza phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokugcwala okanye ukugcwala kweengozi. Ukugqithiswa okuqhelekileyo kunokusetyenziswa rhoqo, kwaye ixabiso layo elivumelekileyo lichongwa ngokuhambelana necala lomthwalo we-transformer, iimeko zokupholisa kunye nomthwalo owenziwe ngumguquli ngaphambi kokugqithisa. Ukugcwala kweengozi kuvumeleke kuphela kwiimeko zengozi (iinguqu ezisasebenza).

Ixabiso elivumelekileyo lokugcwala ngempazamo liya kuhambelana nemigaqo yomenzi; ukuba akukho mmiselo womenzi, i-transformer ye-oil-immersed-immersed transformer ingasebenza ngokweemfuno kwitheyibhile engezantsi.

(2) Ukusebenza okungaqhelekanga kunye nonyango olungxamisekileyo lwabaguquli

(a) Isiganeko esingaqhelekanga ekusebenzeni. Ukuba kukho nayiphi na into engaqhelekanga efunyenwe ekusebenzeni kwe-transformer (njengokuvuza kweoli, inqanaba leoli elaneleyo kwi-oyile pillow, ukufudumeza okungaqhelekanga, isandi esingaqhelekanga, njl.), zama ukuyiphelisa. Ukuba enye yezi meko zilandelayo iyenzeka, yima ngokukhawuleza ukulungiswa.

① Isandi sangaphakathi siphezulu, asilingani, kwaye kukho isandi esiphumayo.

② Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokupholisa, ubushushu abuqhelekanga kwaye buhlala bunyuka.

③ Umqamelo we-oyile okanye inaliti yombhobho engaqhushumba.

④ Ukuvuza kwe-oyile kubangela ukuba izinga leoli lehle ngaphantsi komda wesalathisi senqanaba leoli.

⑤ Umbala weoli utshintsha kakhulu, kwaye kukho ikhabhoni kwioli.

⑥ Ibhokisi inomonakalo omkhulu kunye nokuphuma.

(b) Ukulayisha ngaphezulu okungavumelekanga, ukunyuka kobushushu obungaqhelekanga kunye namaqondo e-oyile. Ukuba ukugqithiswa kwe-transformer kudlula ixabiso elivumelekileyo, umthwalo we-transformer kufuneka ulungiswe ngexesha. Xa ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kweoli ye-transformer kudlula umda ovumelekileyo, isizathu kufuneka sichongwe kwaye kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo okunciphisa. Ngoko ke, lo msebenzi ulandelayo kufuneka wenziwe.

① Jonga umthwalo we-transformer kunye nobushushu bendawo yokupholisa, kwaye ujonge ubushushu obufanele ukuba phantsi komthwalo onjalo kunye nobushushu bokupholisa.

② Jonga ithemometha.

③ Jonga ukungena komoya kwesixhobo sokupholisa soomatshini okanye igumbi lesiguquli.

Ukuba kufunyenwe ukuba ukushisa kweoli kungaphezulu kwe-10 ° C ngaphezu kwesiqhelo phantsi komthwalo ofanayo kunye nokushisa okupholileyo, okanye umthwalo uhlala ungaguqukiyo, ukushisa kweoli kuyaqhubeka nokunyuka, kunye nesixhobo sokupholisa, i-ventilation yegumbi lokuguqula kwaye i-thermometer iyinto eqhelekileyo, ingaba yimpazamo yangaphakathi ye-transformer (efana ne-Iron core fire, isiphaluka esifutshane phakathi kwee-coil layers, njl.), Yima ngokukhawuleza ukulungiswa.

Ukuba ioli ye-transformer iye yaqina, ivumelekile ukuba ifake i-transformer ekusebenzeni kunye nomthwalo, kodwa kuyimfuneko ukuba ubeke ingqalelo ukuba ukushisa kweoli ephezulu kunye nokujikeleza kweoli kuqhelekileyo.

Xa kufunyenwe ukuba izinga leoli le-transformer liphantsi kakhulu kunezinga leoli lokushisa kweoli ngelo xesha, kufuneka lifakwe i-refueled ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba inqanaba leoli lehla ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yexabiso elikhulu lokuvuza kweoli, akuvumelekanga ukuguqula i-relay yegesi ukuba isebenze kuphela kwisignali, kodwa kufuneka ithathe amanyathelo okumisa ukuvuza kunye ne-refuel ngokukhawuleza.

(c) Ukulungiswa xa iBuchholz relay isebenza. Xa isignali ye-relay yegesi ivuliwe, i-transformer kufuneka ihlolwe ukuze ifumane isizathu sesenzo somqondiso, nokuba kungenxa yokungena komoya kwi-transformer, okanye ngenxa yokuncipha kwinqanaba leoli, okanye ukusilela kwesekethe yesibini. . Ukuba iphoso ayinakubonwa ngaphandle kwe-transformer, kuyimfuneko ukuchonga uhlobo lwegesi eqokelelwe kwi-relay. Ukuba igesi ayinambala, ayinavumba kwaye ayinakutsha, ngumoya ohlukaniswe neoli, kwaye i-transformer inokuqhubeka nokusebenza. Ukuba igesi iyatsha, i-transformer kufuneka imiswe kwaye imbangela yesenzo kufuneka ifundwe ngokucophelela.

Xa ujonga ukuba igesi iyatsha, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ukuba ungabeki umlilo kufuphi nomphezulu we-relay, kodwa i-5-6cm ngaphezu kwayo.

Ukuba isenzo se-Buchholz relay asibangelwa ukungena komoya kwi-transformer, i-flash point yeoli kufuneka ihlolwe. Ukuba i-flash point iphantsi kunerekhodi yangaphambili ngaphezu kwe-5 ° C, kuthetha ukuba kukho impazamo kwi-transformer.

Ukuba i-transformer ihamba ngenxa yesenzo se-gas relay, kwaye ukuhlolwa kubonisa ukuba igesi evuthayo, i-transformer ayiyi kufakwa ekusebenzeni kwakhona ngaphandle kokuhlolwa okukhethekileyo kunye novavanyo.

Ngokobume besiphoso, ngokuqhelekileyo kukho iindidi ezimbini zezenzo ze-relay yegesi: enye yisenzo somqondiso ngaphandle kokukhubeka; enye yintshukumo yaxeshanye yezi zimbini.

Isenzo somqondiso ngaphandle kokukhubeka ngokuqhelekileyo sinezizathu ezilandelayo.

① Umoya ungena kwi-transformer ngenxa yokuvuza kweoyile, i-refueling okanye inkqubo yokupholisa engalunganga.

② Izinga le-oyile lehla kancinci ngenxa yokuhla kweqondo lobushushu okanye ukuvuza kwe-oyile.

③ Isixa esincinci serhasi senziwa ngenxa yokusilela kwesiguquli.

④ Ibangelwa kukunqumla isiphaluka esifutshane.

Umqondiso kunye nesenzo sokutshintsha ngexesha elifanayo, okanye isenzo sokutshintsha kuphela, esinokubakho ngenxa yephutha elibi ngaphakathi kwe-transformer, inqanaba leoli lehla ngokukhawuleza, okanye isiphaluka sesibini sesixhobo sokukhusela siphosakeleyo. Kwezinye iimeko, njengasemva kokulungiswa, umoya oseoyile uyahlukana ngokukhawuleza kwaye unokukhubeka kwiswitshi.

(d) Unyango lokuvuza kweoyile yetransformer

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zokuvuza kweoyile: ukuvuza kweoyile yeweld kunye nokuvuza kweoyile yetywina. Unyango lokuvuza kweoyile yomthungo we-welding kukulungisa i-welding. Xa i-welding, umzimba kufuneka uphakanyiswe kwaye ioli kufuneka ikhutshwe. Isizathu sokuvuza kweoli yesitywina kufuneka ichongwe, njengokungasebenzi kakuhle (i-gasket yokutywina ayifakwanga ngokuchanekileyo, uxinzelelo alulingani, uxinzelelo alwanelanga, njl.), kwaye kufuneka lulungiswe ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuba i-gasket igugile okanye yonakaliswe (efana ne-rubber enganyangekiyo yeoli inamathele, ilahlekelwa yi-elasticity, i-cracks, njl.), Izinto zokutywina kufuneka zitshintshwe.

(3) Ukuhlolwa kwe-patrol yee-oyile-immersed transformers

Ii-transformers ezisebenzayo kufuneka zihlolwe rhoqo kwaye zibekwe esweni ukuze zibone iziganeko ezingaqhelekanga okanye iimpazamo ngexesha kwaye ziphephe iingozi ezinzulu.

Izinto ekufuneka zijongwe kwaye zibekwe iliso ngokubanzi ziquka:

(1) Ingaba i-transformer inesandi esingaqhelekanga, njengesandi esingalinganiyo okanye isandi sokukhupha.

(2) Ingaba inqanaba leoli liqhelekile nokuba kukho ukuvuza okanye ukuvuza kweoli.

(3) Ingaba ubushushu be-oyile buqhelekile (ubushushu be-oyile obuphezulu akufunekanga budlule kwi-85℃ ngokubanzi).

(4) Ingaba i-casing icocekile, ingaba kukho iintanda, umonakalo kunye nokukhutshwa.

(5) Ingaba umdibaniso ushushu okanye awukho.

(6) Ingaba inwebu ekhusela uqhushumbo yombhobho ongagqabhukiyo igqityiwe.

(7) Khangela ukuba i-Buchholz relay iyavuza ioli nokuba ngaphakathi izele yioli.

(8) Ingaba ijeli yokuphefumla ayivalwanga, ingaba inqanaba le-oyile le-oyile yesiphefumlo esivalwe nge-oyile liqhelekile, nokuba ijeli ye-silica ekwisixhobo sokuphefumla izele kukufuma.

(9) Ingaba inkqubo yokupholisa isebenza ngokwesiqhelo.

(10) Ingaba ucingo olusezantsi lwebhokisi lukwimeko entle.

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