Kumele ubone! Incazelo ebanzi yokwakheka, ukwakheka, isistimu kawoyela nokusebenza kwephutha nokugcinwa

Ukwakhiwa kwe-transformer ecwiliswe ngamafutha

Ingxenye ewumgogodla ye-transformer egxiliswe uwoyela yezigaba ezintathu yenziwe inkaba yensimbi evaliwe kanye nesethi ejikajikayo kukholomu yomgogodla wensimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona amathangi kaphethiloli, izinto ezigcina uwoyela, amakesi, izinto zokuphefumula, amapayipi angaqhumi, ama-radiator, okushintsha ompompi, okudluliselwa kwegesi, ama-thermometers, izihlanzi zikawoyela, njll.

1) insimbi core

I-iron core ingxenye yesifunda kazibuthe ye-transformer. Ukuze kwehliswe i-hysteresis kazibuthe kanye nokulahlekelwa kwamanje kwe-eddy ku-iron core, i-iron core yenziwe ngamashidi ensimbi angu-0.35mm ~ 0.5mm awugqinsi we-silicon. Ngokusho kokuhlelwa kwama-windings ku-iron core, kukhona uhlobo lwe-iron core kanye nohlobo lwegobolondo lensimbi. Ingxenye eqondile yensimbi yensimbi ye-transformer yesigaba sesithathu ibizwa ngokuthi ikholomu yensimbi, futhi i-low-voltage winding kanye ne-high-voltage winding ye-transformer ihlanganiswe kukholamu; ingxenye evundlile ibizwa ngokuthi ijoka lensimbi, elisetshenziselwa ukwakha umjikelezo kazibuthe ovaliwe.

Ku-transformers umthamo omkhulu, ukuze wenze ukushisa okukhiqizwa ukulahlekelwa kwensimbi kuthathwe ngokugcwele ngamafutha avikelayo ngesikhathi sokujikeleza, ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela omuhle wokupholisa, amavesi amafutha okupholisa avame ukuhlinzekwa engxenyeni yensimbi.

(2) Ukuvunguza

I-winding, ebizwa nangokuthi i-coil, iyingxenye yesifunda ye-transformer futhi ihlukaniswe ngama-winding ayisisekelo kanye nesesibili. I-winging exhunywe kugesi ibizwa ngokuthi i-primary winding, futhi i-winging exhunywe emthwalweni ibizwa ngokuthi i-secondary winding. Ama-winding ayisisekelo kanye nesesibili alinyazwa ngezintambo zethusi noma ze-aluminium ezisongwe ngokufakwa kwamandla aphezulu.

Ama-winding ayisisekelo nesesibili sesigaba ngasinye se-transformer yesigaba sesithathu senziwe ngesimo se-cylindrical futhi sinemikhono kukholomu yensimbi efanayo, i-low-voltage winding enenani elincane lokujika ifakwe ngaphakathi futhi isondele kumgogodla wensimbi, futhi i-high-voltage mazombezombe enenani elikhulu lokujika ifakwe imikhono ngaphandle kwama-low-voltage winding. Lokhu kubekwa kungenxa yokuthi kulula ku-low-voltage winding ukuvala umgogodla. Umkhono owenziwe ngezinto zokuvikela usetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa ukujikajika kwe-voltage ephansi kanye nengqikithi yensimbi naphakathi kwama-high-voltage mazombezombe kanye nama-low-voltage winding ukuze uwavale ngokuthembekile. Ukuze kube lula ukuchithwa kokushisa, igebe elithile lishiywe phakathi kwama-winding aphezulu naphansi njenge-passage yamafutha, ukuze amafutha e-transformer akwazi ukugeleza.

Amaphutha amakhulu we-transformer windings yi-short-circuit phakathi kokujika kanye ne-short-circuit ku-casing. I-turn-to-turn short circuit ibangelwa ikakhulukazi ukuguga kwe-insulation, noma ngenxa yokugcwala ngokweqile kwe-transformer kanye nokulimala komshini ku-insulation ngesikhathi sesifunda esifushane esinqamulayo. Izinga lamafutha ku-transformer liyehla, ukuze kuthi lapho i-winging ivezwa ezingeni likawoyela, i-inter-turn short circuit nayo ingenzeka; ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kukhona i-cross-circuit, i-winging ikhubazekile ngenxa yomphumela we-overcurrent, futhi ukufakwa kulimazeke ngomshini, futhi i-inter-turn short circuit nayo izokwenzeka.

Uma ifinyezwa phakathi kokujika, i-current in shorting winding ingase yeqe inani elilinganiselwe, kodwa iyonke i-winding current ingase ingeqi inani elilinganiselwe. Kulokhu, ukuvikelwa kwegesi kusebenza, futhi idivayisi yokuvikela umehluko izophinde isebenze lapho isimo sibucayi.

Isizathu se-short-circuit ku-casing futhi kungenxa yokuguga ukuguga noma umswakama emafutheni, ukwehla kwezinga likawoyela, noma ngenxa yombani nokusebenza ngokweqile. Ukwengeza, lapho kwenzeka i-cross-circuit, i-winging ikhubazekile ngenxa ye-overcurrent, futhi i-short-circuit to the casing nayo izokwenzeka. Lapho i-short-circuiting i-casing, ngokuvamile isenzo sedivayisi yokuvikela igesi kanye nesenzo sokuvikela okuphansi.

(3) Ithangi lamafutha

I-tank yamafutha yi-casing yangaphandle ye-transformer, i-iron core kanye nama-windings afakwe kuyo, futhi igcwele amafutha e-transformer. Kuma-transformer anamandla amakhulu, amasinki okushisa noma amapayipi okushisa afakwa ngaphandle kwethangi. Ukuvuza kukawoyela kuyinkinga evamile ngamathangi kaphethiloli.

Amafutha e-Transformer angamafutha amaminerali anezakhiwo ezinhle zokuvikela, anemisebenzi emibili:

Eyokuqala i-insulation. Ukusebenza kwe-insulation kawoyela we-transformer kungcono kunomoya. Ukucwiliswa kwama-windings emafutheni kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-insulation ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, futhi kugweme ukuthintana nomoya ukuvimbela ama-winding ekubeni manzi;

Okwesibili umphumela wokushisa okushisa, osebenzisa i-convection yamafutha ukuze kukhishwe ukushisa okukhiqizwa yi-iron core kanye nokugoqa ngaphandle ngodonga lwebhokisi kanye nepayipi yokushisa ukushisa. Amafutha e-Transformer ahlukaniswe abe yizici ezintathu: No. 10, No. 25, kanye No. Amaphuzu azo aqandayo angu-10°C, -25°C, no-45°C, ngokuvamile akhethwa ngokwezimo zezulu zendawo.

(4) Isilondolozi samafutha (umcamelo wamafutha)

Isilondolozi sikawoyela, esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi umcamelo kawoyela, siyisitsha esiyisilinda esibekwe ngokuvundlile ngaphezu kwethangi likawoyela futhi sixhunywe kuthangi likawoyela le-transformer ngepayipi. Ivolumu yesilondolozi sikawoyela imvamisa iba ngu-10% wevolumu yethangi likawoyela. Isilondolozi samafutha siwuhlobo lwe-capsule yokulondoloza uwoyela, futhi i-capsule ihlukanisa uwoyela kwisilondolozi samafutha emoyeni wangaphandle. Lapho uwoyela we-transformer unwetshwa ngokushisa, uwoyela ugeleza usuka ethangini lamafutha uya ku-conservator kawoyela; lapho uwoyela we-transformer uncipha, uwoyela ugeleza usuka ku-oyela ogcina uwoyela uya ethangini lamafutha. Isilondolozi sikawoyela sinemisebenzi emibili: Okokuqala, lapho umthamo kawoyela we-transformer ukhula noma uncipha ngokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa likawoyela, isilondolozi sikawoyela sisebenza njengokugcina uwoyela nokugcwaliswa kabusha, siqinisekisa ukuthi ithangi likawoyela ligcwele uwoyela kanye nengqikithi yensimbi nokujikajika. zicwile. Emafutheni; okwesibili ukunciphisa indawo yokuxhumana phakathi kwendawo yamafutha nomoya ukuvimbela uwoyela we-transformer ekubeni umswakama futhi uwohloke.

Ukuboniswa kweleveli kawoyela yesilondolozi sikawoyela kusebenzisa igeji yezinga likawoyela yohlobo lwe-ferromagnetic ukuze kubonwe izinga likawoyela. I-gauge yezinga likawoyela iqoshwe ngomugqa ojwayelekile wezinga likawoyela lapho izinga lokushisa likawoyela liku--30 ℃, +20 ℃ kanye +40 ℃, elisetshenziswa njengezinga lokugcwalisa uwoyela. I-+40 ℃ kuphawu lwezinga likawoyela ikhombisa izinga eliphezulu likawoyela we-transformer ekusebenzeni komthwalo ogcwele lapho izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu lendawo yokufaka lingu-+40 ℃, futhi izinga likawoyela akufanele lidlule lo mugqa; U-+20 ℃ ukhombisa izinga likawoyela lapho izinga lokushisa elimaphakathi lonyaka liku-+20 ℃ ngesikhathi sokusebenza komthwalo ogcwele Ubude; -30℃ kusho ulayini wezinga likawoyela obuncane be-no-load transformer lapho indawo ezungezile ingu -30 ℃, futhi akufanele ibe ngaphansi kwalo mugqa. Uma izinga likawoyela liphansi kakhulu, engeza amafutha. Umcamelo wamafutha ufakwe izimbobo zokuphefumula, ukuze indawo engaphezulu yomcamelo kawoyela ixhumane nomkhathi. Lapho uwoyela we-transformer ukhula futhi uvumelana nokushisa, umoya ongaphezulu komcamelo kawoyela uyangena futhi uphume ngembobo yokuphefumula, futhi izinga likawoyela lingakhuphuka noma lehle ukuze kuvinjwe ukuwohloka noma ukulimala kwethangi likawoyela.

(5) Umkhono

Intambo eholayo ye-transformer winding ixhunywe kumjikelezo wangaphandle ngokusebenzisa induku yomhlahlandlela. I-bushing iyi-insulator phakathi kwenduku yomhlahlandlela kanye nesembozo sebhokisi, edlala indima yokuvikela nokulungisa induku yomhlahlandlela. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-casing: i-high pressure casing kanye ne-low pressure casing.

umkhono we-insulating

Izintambo eziholayo zama-windings we-transformer kufanele zidlule emikhonweni evikelayo ukuze zivale imikhondo ebukhoma lapho zikhishwa ethangini futhi ziphuma ethangini. Umkhono we-insulating ikakhulukazi wakhiwe yinduku ye-conductive emaphakathi kanye nomkhono kazibuthe. Omunye umkhawulo wenduku ye-conductive ethangini likaphethiloli uxhunywe ne-winding, kanti enye iphetho ngaphandle ixhunywe nesifunda sangaphandle. Kuyingxenye ethambekele enephutha ye-transformer.

Ukwakhiwa kwe-insulating bushing ikakhulukazi kuncike ekilasini le-voltage. Ku-voltage ephansi, umkhono ozibuthe olula oqinile ngokuvamile usetshenziswa. Lapho i-voltage iphezulu, ukuze kuqiniswe umthamo wokufakelwa, ungqimba olugcwele uwoyela lushiywe phakathi komkhono we-porcelain kanye nenduku ye-conductive. Lolu hlobo lwesihlahla lubizwa ngokuthi isihlahla esigcwele uwoyela. Uma i-voltage ingaphezu kuka-110kV, kusetshenziswa i-capacitive charging bushing, ebizwa ngokuthi i-capacitive bushing kafushane. Ngaphezu kokugcwalisa ingaphakathi lomkhono we-porcelain ngamafutha, i-capacitive bushing nayo ine-capacitive insulator phakathi kwenduku ye-conductive ephakathi (ithubhu elingenalutho lethusi) kanye ne-flange yokugoqa i-conductive rod njengokuxhumana okuyinhloko phakathi kwe-flange ne-conductive. induku. ukwahlukanisa.

Ukuvuza kwe-transformer bushing oil yiphutha elivame kakhulu. Isizathu sokuvuza kwamafutha esihlahleni ukuguga kwendandatho yokuvala injoloba enobuhlalu engxenyeni engenhla yesihlahla kanye ne-gasket eyisicaba yerabha ezansi kwesihlahla.

(6) Isisetshenziswa sokuphefumula

I-respirator, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-hygroscopic device, ngokuvamile iqukethe ishubhu nesiqukathi sengilazi esine-desiccant (ijeli yesilika noma i-alumina ecushiwe) ngaphakathi. Lapho umoya osemcamelweni wamafutha ukhula noma uncipha ngevolumu yamafutha e-transformer, umoya ophelile noma ophefumulayo udlula endaweni yokuphefumula, futhi i-desiccant ku-respirator idonsa umswakama emoyeni futhi ihlunge umoya ukuze igcine amafutha ehlanzekile. Ijeli ye-silica efakwe i-cobalt chloride, izinhlayiya zayo ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka uma yomile, kodwa njengoba ijeli ye-silica imunca amanzi futhi isiseduze nokugcwala, ijeli ye-silica eyimbumbu izophenduka ibe mhlophe noma ibe bomvu, futhi kungahlulelwa ukuthi ijeli ye-silica inayo kwehlulekile. Ijeli ye-silica emanzi ingavuselelwa ngokushisisa nokomisa. Lapho umbala wezinhlayiya ze-silica gel uba yi-cobalt eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, umsebenzi wokuvuselela uphelile.

(7) Ithuluzi lokukhulula ingcindezi

Amadivayisi okusiza ingcindezi adlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni ama-transformer amandla. Ku-transformer yamandla egcwele uwoyela we-transformer, uma kwenzeka iphutha langaphakathi noma isifunda esifushane, i-arcing izokhipha uwoyela ngokushesha, okuholela ekwenyukeni okusheshayo kwengcindezi ethangini. Uma lokhu kucindezela kungadedelwa ngokushesha okukhulu, ithangi likaphethiloli lingaqhuma, lifafaze uphethiloli ovuthayo endaweni enkulu, okungase kubangele umlilo futhi kubangele nomonakalo omkhulu, ngakho-ke kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuvimbela lokhu kungenzeki. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamadivayisi okukhipha ingcindezi: ipayipi elingaqhumi nesikhiphi sokucindezela. Ipayipi elivimbela ukuqhuma lisetshenziselwa ama-transformers amancane, futhi ukukhishwa kwengcindezi kusetshenziselwa ama-transformers amakhulu naphakathi.

Ipayipi elingaqhumi (eyaziwa nangokuthi ipayipi lomjovo wamafutha)

Ipayipi elingaqhumi lifakwe phezu kwesembozo esiphezulu se-transformer, ipayipi efana necilongo ixhunywe emkhathini, futhi i-nozzle ivalwe ngefilimu. Uma kunephutha ngaphakathi kwe-transformer, izinga lokushisa likawoyela liyakhuphuka, uwoyela ubola ngobudlova ukuze ukhiqize inani elikhulu legesi, futhi ukucindezela ku-tank kawoyela kukhula kakhulu. Lapho ingcindezi ethangini likawoyela ikhuphukela ku-5 × 104Pa, ifilimu yepayipi elingaqhumi liphukile, futhi uwoyela negesi kukhishwa ku-nozzle ukuvimbela ukuqhuma noma ukuguqulwa kwethangi lamafutha le-transformer.

i-pressure release

Uma kuqhathaniswa namapayipi angaqhumi, izikhiqizi zokucindezela zinezinzuzo zephutha elincane lokuvula, isikhathi sokulibaziseka esifushane (i-2ms kuphela), ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, kanye nesenzo esiphindaphindiwe, ngakho-ke asetshenziswa kabanzi kuma-transformers amakhulu naphakathi.

Idivayisi yokukhishwa kwengcindezi ibizwa nangokuthi i-pressure reducer, efakwe kwikhava ephezulu ye-transformer tank, efana ne-valve yokuphepha ye-boiler. Lapho ingcindezi ethangini likaphethiloli idlula inani elishiwo, umnyango wokuvala (i-valve) we-pressure release iphushwa ivuleke, igesi ikhishwe, futhi ngemva kokunciphisa ukucindezela, umnyango wokuvala uvala futhi ngokucindezela kwentwasahlobo. Isikhiphi sokucindezela singasuswa ngaphambi kokuba sisetshenziswe noma ngesikhathi sokulungiswa ukuze kulinganiswe futhi kulungiswe ingcindezi yokusebenza kwayo.

Ukulungiswa kokucindezela kokusebenza kwesikhiphi sokucindezela kufanele kuhambisane nokulungiswa kwezinga lokugeleza kokusebenza kwe-relay yegesi.

Isikhiphi sokucindezela sifakwe engxenyeni engenhla yekhava yethangi likaphethiloli, futhi ngokuvamile sixhunywa ngepayipi elikhuphukela phezulu ukuze ukuphakama kwesikhiphi kulingane nobude bomcamelo kawoyela, ukuze kuqedwe umehluko wengcindezi emile yamafutha. ingcindezi ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile.

(8) I-radiator

Ifomu le-radiator inothayela, i-fan-shape, i-circular, ipayipi ye-exhaust, njll. Uma indawo yokukhipha ukushisa inkulu, ingcono umphumela wokushisa ukushisa. Lapho kunomehluko wokushisa phakathi kwezinga lokushisa likawoyela wengqimba engenhla ye-transformer kanye nezinga lokushisa likawoyela lesendlalelo esingezansi, ukuthuthwa kukawoyela kwakhiwa nge-radiator, futhi ageleze abuyele ethangini likawoyela ngemva kokupholisa irediyetha. , okunciphisa izinga lokushisa kwe-transformer. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe umphumela wokupholisa we-transformer, izinyathelo ezifana nokupholisa umoya, ukupholisa umoya kawoyela ngempoqo kanye nokupholiswa kwamanzi okuphoqelekile kawoyela kungamukelwa. Ukwehluleka okuyinhloko kwe-radiator ukuvuza kwamafutha.

(9) I-Buchholz gas relay

Faka i-Buchholz relay phakathi kwesilondolozi sikawoyela kanye nepayipi elixhumayo lekhava yethangi le-transformer ngokusebenzisa i-flange. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, i-Buchholz relay igcwele uwoyela. Uma kwenzeka iphutha elincane ngaphakathi kwe-transformer bese kukhiqizwa amabhamuza, azoqale ahlangane endaweni engaphezulu ye-Buchholz relay. Futhi uphoqelele izinga likawoyela ukuba lehle, ukuze inkomishi yokuvula engenhla ilahlekelwe ukunyakaza kanye nesisindo sayo sikhuphuke, ukuze iphambukele kolunye uhlangothi, okwenza uzibuthe usondele eduze kweswishi yomhlanga. Umgomo wohlobo lwe-baffle yokuxhumana ephansi uyafana.

(10) Idivayisi yokulinganisa izinga lokushisa

Ukwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa kwamafutha kubhekisela enanini izinga lokushisa likawoyela ethangini likawoyela elivunyelwe ukweqa izinga lokushisa elizungezile lapho i-transformer isebenza ngaphansi kwesimo esilinganiselwe.

Izinga lokushisa likawoyela lomzimba we-transformer eyinhloko isethwe ukuthi ilume okwesikhashana ku-80°C futhi ihambe ku-100°C.

(11) Ummese wosisekelo ongathathi hlangothi

Indlela yokusekela amaphuzu angathathi hlangothi yohlelo lwamandla ezwe lami angu-110kV ngokuyinhloko isebenzisa indlela yokusekela eqondile yephoyinti elingathathi hlangothi (okuhlanganisa nendlela yokubeka phansi indawo engathathi hlangothi ngokusebenzisa ukumelana okuncane), okungukuthi, isistimu yamanje enkulu ephansi. Ngoba uhlelo lunomshini omkhulu we-short-circuit current uma kwenzeka iphutha lesigaba esisodwa.

Lapho i-transformer ivaliwe, indawo yayo engathathi hlangothi kufanele ibekwe phansi. Ngenxa yokuthi i-transformer winding i-semi-insulated (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-insulation graded), okungukuthi, i-insulation eyinhloko yengxenye eseduze ne-neutral ye-transformer winding, izinga layo lokufakelwa liphansi kunezinga lokufakwa kwe-insulation of the end winding. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuvikelwe ukulimala kwe-overvoltage ku-transformer, indawo engathathi hlangothi kufanele isekelwe lapho i-transformer ivaliwe.

(12) Thepha isishintshi (esaziwa nangokuthi isishintshi)

Lapho isilondolozi sikawoyela sisetshenziselwa isiguquli esilawula i-voltage ekulayishwe kuso, isilondolozi sikawoyela esishintshayo esingenawo ama-capsule sifakwa ngaphansi kwesilondolozi sikawoyela.

Izindlela zokulawula ama-voltage e-Transformer zihlukaniswe zaba izinhlobo ezimbili: ukulawulwa kwe-voltage ekulayishweni kanye nomthetho we-no-load voltage:

I-on-load voltage regulation isho ukuthi i-transformer ingakwazi ukulungisa indawo yayo yompompi ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ngaleyo ndlela iguqule isilinganiso sokuguqulwa kwe-transformer ukuze kuzuzwe inhloso yokulawulwa kwamandla kagesi.

Ompompi bama-Transformer bavame ukucoshwa ohlangothini lwe-high-voltage, olubheka kakhulu:

(1) I-high-voltage winding ye-transformer ngokuvamile ingaphandle, futhi umpompi kulula ukuwuxhuma;

(2) I-current ohlangothini lwe-high-voltage incane, futhi i-conductor cross-section yocingo oluholayo kanye nengxenye ephethe okwamanje ye-switch ehlukanisiwe incane, futhi ithonya lokuxhumana okungalungile lingaxazululwa kalula.

Empeleni, umpompi ungaba nhlangothi zombili, futhi ukuqhathanisa kwezomnotho nezobuchwepheshe kuyadingeka. Isibonelo, umpompi we-500kV yesiguquli esisuka phansi esikhulu uthathwa ohlangothini lwe-220kV, kuyilapho uhlangothi lwe-500kV lulungisiwe.

Lapho i-voltage iphansi kakhulu noma iphezulu kakhulu, futhi kuyadingeka ukulungisa ompompi abambalwa be-tap-changer elayishiwe ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo, kuyadingeka ukunaka lesi simo:

Kufanele ilungiswe igiya elilodwa ngesikhathi, okungukuthi, njalo uma kucindezelwa inkinobho ethi N+1 noma N-1, izoma umzuzu owodwa phakathi, futhi lapho kuvela inombolo entsha kusibonisi segiya, cindezela inkinobho futhi. Phinda inqubo engenhla ngokushintshana kuze kufike umgomo wokugcina. Lapho ukusebenza kukagesi kuxhunyiwe (okungukuthi, ukusebenza okukodwa, okungaphezulu kokukodwa kuzolungiswa, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukushelela), indawo yesibili kampompi kufanele ivele kunkomba yegiya yesikrini esikhulu sokulawula i-transformer, bese ucindezela ngokushesha inkinobho yezimo eziphuthumayo. . Inkinobho yokumisa bese ushintshela ekusebenzeni okwenziwa mathupha.

(13) Isihlanzi sikawoyela (esaziwa nangokuthi isihlungi somehluko wokushisa)

Isihlanzi samafutha isitsha esigcwele i-adsorbent (ijeli yesilika noma i-alumina ecushiwe), efakwa odongeni oluseceleni lwethangi lesiguquli noma ingxenye engezansi yesipholile sikawoyela esiqinile. Lapho i-transformer isebenza, ngenxa yomehluko wokushisa phakathi kwezingqimba zamafutha aphezulu naphansi, amafutha e-transformer adlula ku-oil purifier ukusuka phezulu kuya phansi ukuze enze i-convection. Uma amafutha ehlangene ne-adsorbent, umswakama, ama-acids nama-oxides kuwo adonswa, okwenza amafutha ahlanzeke futhi andise impilo yesevisi yamafutha.

Isistimu kawoyela ye-transformer ecwiliswe ngamafutha

Ama-transformer acwiliswe uwoyela anezinhlelo zikawoyela ezimbalwa ezizimele ezihlukene komunye nomunye. Lapho i-transformer egxiliwe ngamafutha isebenza, amafutha kulezi zinhlelo zamafutha ezizimele azixhunyiwe komunye nomunye, futhi izinga likawoyela kanye nezimo zokusebenza nazo zihlukile.

(1) Isistimu kawoyela engaphakathi emzimbeni

Amasistimu kawoyela axhumana nowoyela azungeze amajika-moya yiwo wonke amasistimu asemzimbeni omkhulu, okuhlanganisa uwoyela ku-cooler noma irediyetha, uwoyela osendaweni yokugcina uwoyela, kanye nowoyela endaweni egcwele uwoyela engu-35kV nangaphansi.

Lapho ugcwalisa uwoyela, amapulaki okopha igesi agcinwe ohlelweni lwamafutha kufanele akhululwe. Ngokuvamile, lezi zingxenye ezingenhla kufanele zibe namapulaki azo okopha. Amafutha emzimbeni oyinhloko adlala indima yokufaka ukufakwa nokupholisa. Amafutha aphinde akhulise amandla kagesi ephepha le-insulating noma i-insulating cardboard. Ngesikhathi sokugcwalisa uwoyela we-vacuum, uma ezinye izingxenye zingakwazi ukumelana namandla afanayo e-vacuum njengethangi likawoyela eliyinhloko, ukuhlukaniswa kwesango lesikhashana, njenge-valve yesango phakathi kwesilondolozi samafutha kanye nethangi lamafutha elikhulu, kufanele kusetshenziswe. Inhloko yepompo ye-oyili engaphansi kwamanzi ku-cooler kufanele yanele ukugwema ukuhogela umoya ngenxa yokucindezela okubi. Lolu hlelo lukawoyela kufanele lube nesistimu yokuvikela idivayisi yokukhulula ukucindezela ukuze kususwe ukucindezela okukhiqizwa lapho umzimba unephutha.

(2) Uwoyela endaweni yokushintsha i-diverter ye-on-load tap-change

Le ngxenye kawoyela inohlelo lwayo lokuvikela, okungukuthi i-flow relay, isilondolozi samafutha, ivalvu yokukhulula umfutho. Amafutha akuleli gumbi lokushintsha asebenza njenge-insulation futhi acisha amandla amanje. Amafutha azongena emafutheni akhiqizwe lapho i-diverter switch inqamula umthamo wamanje. Lolu hlelo lukawoyela ludinga ukusebenza kahle kokuvala, futhi ukusebenza kokuvala kufanele kuvikelwe ngisho noma ukucindezela kwe-arc kukhiqizwa phakathi nenqubo yokushintsha.

Yize uwoyela osegumbini lokushintsha i-diverter le-on-load-tap-changer ehlukanisiwe kuwoyela emzimbeni omkhulu, ukuze ugweme ukulimaza uphawu lwegumbi lokushintshwa kwe-diverter ngesikhathi sokugcwalisa uwoyela we-vacuum, kufanele ugcotshwe nge-vacuum ngesikhathi esifanayo njengoba amafutha emzimbeni main. Isistimu inezinga elifanayo le-vacuum, uma kunesidingo, isilondolozi samafutha salolu hlelo kufanele futhi sihlukaniswe lapho siphuma. Ukuze kube lula ukwakheka, ithangi lokugcina uwoyela lomzimba oyinhloko kanye nethangi lokugcina uwoyela legumbi lokushintsha liklanyelwe lilonke liqhelelene komunye nomunye.

(3) Ivalwe ngokugcwele kumazinga kagesi angu-60kV nangaphezulu

Umsebenzi oyinhloko walesi simiso sikawoyela ukufaka insulate, noma ukwandisa amandla kagesi wephepha le-insulating ku-oil capacitor bushing. Uma uwoyela ujovwa emzimbeni oyinhloko, itheminali ekugcineni komkhono kufanele ivalwe kahle ukuze kugwenywe ukungena komoya.

isithombe

(4) Amafutha asebhokisini le-high pressure outlet, noma uwoyela ebhokisini legesi

Ulayini ophumayo onamandla amakhulu wesigaba sesithathu se-500kV transformer uhlukaniswa ngohlelo lukawoyela ofaka uthayela. Lolu hlelo lukawoyela lusebenza ngokuyinhloko njenge-insulation.

Ukuze kube lula ukwakheka, lolu hlelo lwamafutha lungabuye luxhunywe nesistimu kawoyela emzimbeni oyinhloko ngokusebenzisa ipayipi elixhumayo noma eliklanywe njengesistimu kawoyela ehlukile.

(5) Ukuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene kokushisa kwenziwa kuma-transformer acwiliswe ngamafutha

Eyokuqala iyopha, ekhipha igesi okungenzeka igcinwe ngepulaki yokopha. Ukuba khona noma ukungabikho kokwehluleka okungase kube khona kungabikezelwa ngokuhlaziya ukuhlaziywa kwe-chromatographic yegesi-emafutheni yesistimu ngayinye. Isistimu kawoyela ngayinye kufanele ihlangabezane nezidingo zokusebenza, njengokumunca ukuguqulwa kwevolumu kawoyela lapho uwoyela ukhula futhi wenza izinkontileka, i-valve yokukhipha uwoyela, ipulaki yomoya, i-valve yokuhlukanisa ye-cooler kanye ne-radiator kanye nethangi likawoyela elikhulu, njll. Uhlelo ngalunye lwamafutha lunomsebenzi omuhle wokuvala uphawu. Uwoyela osegunjini lokushintsha i-tap-changer elayishiwe kufanele ushintshwe ngokuhlukana ngaphandle kokukhipha uwoyela emzimbeni omkhulu. Amafutha emzimbeni oyinhloko angakhululwa futhi agcwaliswe nge-nitrogen eyomile ngesikhathi sokuthutha.

Ukuhlaziywa Kwephutha Kwe-Transformer Ecwiliswe Ngamafutha

Amaphutha ajwayelekile ama-transformer asebenzayo ahlanganisa amaphutha wama-windings, ama-bushings, ama-tap-changers, ama-iron cores, amathangi kawoyela nezinye izesekeli.

(1) Ukuhluleka kokuphefumula

Kukhona ikakhulukazi i-inter-turn short circuit, i-winding grounding, i-inter-phase short circuit, ukuphuka kwezintambo kanye nokushisela okuhlangene.

(2) Ukuhluleka kwebhokisi

I-transformer bushing yonakalisiwe, okubangela ukugqama kokungcola enkungwini enkulu noma emvuleni encane, okwenza isisekelo sesigaba esisodwa noma isigaba sesigaba sibe yisifunda esifushane ngasohlangothini lwe-voltage ephezulu ye-transformer.

(3) Ukuvuza okukhulu

Ukuvuza kukawoyela kwe-transformer kubi kakhulu noma kuphuphuma ngokuqhubekayo endaweni eyonakele, ukuze igeji yezinga likawoyela ingasakwazi ukubona izinga likawoyela. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-transformer kufanele imiswe ngokushesha ukulungisa ukuvuza nokugcwalisa. Isizathu sokuvuza kwamafutha e-transformer ukuqhekeka kwe-welding seam noma ukuvala Izingxenye zihluleka, futhi ithangi likaphethiloli ligqwalile kakhulu futhi lonakaliswe ukudlidliza namandla angaphandle ngesikhathi sokusebenza.

(4) Thepha ukuhluleka kokushintsha

Amaphutha ajwayelekile ahlanganisa ukuthintana okungalungile noma ukuma okungalungile kwesishintshi sempompi, ukuncibilika nokusha endaweni okuthintana kuyo, kanye nokukhipha othintana nabo be-interphase noma ukuchithwa kompompi ngamunye.

(5) Ukwehluleka ngenxa ye-overvoltage

Lapho i-transformer esebenzayo ishaywa umbani, ngenxa yamandla aphezulu ombani, izobangela ukugcwala ngokweqile ngaphandle kwe-transformer. Lapho amanye amapharamitha ohlelo lwamandla eshintsha, ngenxa yokuzulazula kwe-electromagnetic, kuzodala ukugcwala ngokweqile ngaphakathi kwe-transformer. Iningi lomonakalo we-transformer obangelwa ukweqisa kwe-voltage ukuwohloka kwe-insulation main of the winding, okuholela ekuhlulekeni kwe-transformer.

(6) Ukwehluleka komgogodla wensimbi

Ukwehluleka kwe-iron core ikakhulukazi kubangelwa ukulimala kokuvala isikulufu se- through-core core wekholomu yensimbi noma isikulufu sokubamba sensimbi.

(7) Ukuvuza kukawoyela

Uma izinga lamafutha lamafutha e-transformer liphansi kakhulu, ukuhola kwe-bushing kanye noguquko lwempompi kuvezwa emoyeni, futhi izinga lokufakwa kwe-insulation lizoncishiswa kakhulu, ngakho-ke kulula ukubangela ukukhishwa kokuphuka.

Ukusebenza nokugcinwa kwe-Transformer

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuphephile kanye nokunikezwa kwamandla okuthembekile kwe-transformer, lapho isimo esingavamile kwenzeka ku-transformer, singatholakala ngesikhathi, kusetshenzwe ngesikhathi, futhi sisuse iphutha ku-bud ukuvimbela ukwenzeka nokwanda ingozi. Ngakho-ke, i-transformer esebenzayo kufanele ihlolwe njalo. futhi wenze irekhodi elisebenzayo.

(1) Imodi evamile yokusebenza ye-transformer

① Imodi yokusebenza elinganiselwe

Ngaphansi kwezimo zokupholisa ezishiwo, i-transformer ingasebenza ngokuya ngemininingwane ebhalwe ku-nameplate. Ukushisa okuvumelekile kwe-transformer efakwe ngamafutha ngesikhathi sokusebenza kufanele kuhlolwe ngokuvumelana nokushisa kwamafutha aphezulu. Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu likawoyela kufanele lihambisane nemithetho yomkhiqizi, kodwa inani eliphakeme akufanele lidlule ku-95 ℃. Ukuze uvimbele uwoyela we-transformer ukuthi uwohloke ngokushesha, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu likawoyela akufanele lidlule ku-85 ℃ njalo.

I-voltage esetshenzisiwe ye-transformer ngokuvamile ngeke idlule u-105% yenani elilinganiselwe. Ngalesi sikhathi, uhlangothi lwesibili lwe-transformer lungakwazi ukuthwala okwamanje okulinganiselwe. Ezimweni ezingazodwana, i-voltage esetshenzisiwe ingase ibe ngu-110% we-voltage elinganiselwe ngemva kokuhlolwa noma ngemvume yomkhiqizi.

② Vumela ukugcwala

Ama-transformer angasebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokugcwala ngokweqile noma eziyingozi. Ukulayisha okujwayelekile kungasetshenziswa kaningi, futhi inani layo elivumelekile linqunywa ngokuvumelana nejika lomthwalo we-transformer, izimo zokupholisa kanye nomthwalo othwelwe yi-transformer ngaphambi kokulayisha ngokweqile. Ukugcwala ngokweqile kwezingozi kuvunyelwe kuphela ezimeni zezingozi (ama-transformer asasebenza).

Inani elivumelekile lokulayisha ngokweqile ngephutha lizohambisana nemithethonqubo yomkhiqizi; uma kungekho simiso somkhiqizi, i-transformer e-self-cool-immersed i-transformer ingasetshenziswa ngokuvumelana nezidingo etafuleni elingezansi.

(2) Ukusebenza okungavamile kanye nokwelashwa okuphuthumayo kwama-transformers

(a) Isenzakalo esingavamile esisebenzayo. Uma noma iyiphi into engavamile itholakala ekusebenzeni kwe-transformer (njengokuvuza kwamafutha, izinga likawoyela elinganele emcamelweni wamafutha, ukushisa okungavamile, umsindo ongavamile, njll.), zama ukukuqeda. Uma kwenzeka esinye sezimo ezilandelayo, yima ngokushesha ukuze ulungiswe.

① Umsindo wangaphakathi mkhulu, awulingani, futhi kunomsindo ophumayo.

② Ngaphansi kwezimo zokupholisa ezijwayelekile, izinga lokushisa alijwayelekile futhi lilokhu likhuphuka.

③ Umcamelo kawoyela noma umjovo wepayipi ongaqhumisi.

④ Ukuvuza kukawoyela kubangela izinga likawoyela ukuthi lehle ngaphansi komkhawulo kunkomba yezinga likawoyela.

⑤ Umbala wamafutha ushintsha kakhulu, futhi kunekhabhoni emafutheni.

⑥ Ikesi linomonakalo omkhulu kanye nokuphuma kwamanzi.

(b) Ukugcwala ngokweqile okungavumelekile, ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa okungavamile kanye namazinga kawoyela. Uma ukugcwala kwe-transformer kudlula inani elivumelekile, umthwalo we-transformer kufanele ulungiswe ngesikhathi. Lapho ukuphakama kwamafutha e-transformer kudlula umkhawulo ovumelekile, imbangela kufanele ikhonjwe futhi kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuyinciphisa. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi olandelayo kufanele wenziwe.

① Hlola umthwalo we-transformer nezinga lokushisa lendawo epholile, futhi uhlole izinga lokushisa okufanele libe ngaphansi komthwalo onjalo nezinga lokushisa elipholile.

② Hlola ithemometha.

③ Hlola ukungena komoya kwedivayisi yokupholisa engumshini we-transformer noma igumbi le-transformer.

Uma kutholakala ukuthi izinga lokushisa likawoyela lingaphezu kuka-10 ° C ngaphezu kokujwayelekile ngaphansi komthwalo ofanayo nokushisa okupholisa, noma umthwalo uhlala ungashintshi, izinga lokushisa lamafutha liyaqhubeka likhuphuka, futhi idivayisi yokupholisa, umoya we-ventilation wegumbi le-transformer kanye i-thermometer yonke ijwayelekile, kungase kube iphutha langaphakathi le-transformer (njengomlilo we-Iron core, i-short circuit phakathi kwama-coil layers, njll.), yima ngokushesha ukuze ulungise.

Uma amafutha e-transformer eqinile, kuvunyelwe ukubeka i-transformer ekusebenzeni ngomthwalo, kodwa kuyadingeka ukunaka ukuthi izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lamafutha kanye nokujikeleza kwamafutha kuyinto evamile.

Uma kutholakala ukuthi izinga lamafutha le-transformer liphansi kakhulu kunezinga lamafutha lokushisa kwamafutha ngaleso sikhathi, kufanele lifakwe i-refueled ngokushesha. Uma izinga likawoyela lehla ngokushesha ngenxa yokuvuza kwenani elikhulu likawoyela, akuvunyelwe ukuguqula i-gas relay ukuze isebenze esignali kuphela, kodwa kufanele ithathe izinyathelo zokumisa ukuvuza nokugcwalisa ngokushesha.

(c) Iyacubungula lapho i-Buchholz relay isebenza. Lapho isignali ye-relay yegesi icushiwe, i-transformer kufanele ihlolwe ukuze kutholakale imbangela yesenzo sesignali, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungenxa yokungena komoya ku-transformer, noma ngenxa yokuncipha kwezinga likawoyela, noma ukwehluleka kwesifunda sesibili. . Uma iphutha lingatholakali ngaphandle kwe-transformer, kuyadingeka ukukhomba uhlobo lwegesi eqoqwe ku-relay. Uma igesi ingenambala, ingenaphunga futhi ingashi, iwumoya ohlukaniswe namafutha, futhi i-transformer ingaqhubeka nokusebenza. Uma igesi livutha, i-transformer kufanele imiswe futhi imbangela yesenzo kufanele ifundwe ngokucophelela.

Uma uhlola ukuthi igesi iyavutha yini, kufanele kuqashelwe ngokukhethekile ukuthi ungabeki umlilo eduze nendawo edluliselwe phambili, kodwa u-5-6cm ngaphezu kwawo.

Uma isenzo se-Buchholz relay singabangelwa ukungena komoya ku-transformer, iphuzu le-flash lamafutha kufanele lihlolwe. Uma i-flash point iphansi kunerekhodi langaphambilini ngaphezu kuka-5 ° C, kusho ukuthi kukhona iphutha ku-transformer.

Uma i-transformer ihamba ngenxa yesenzo se-relay yegesi, futhi ukuhlolwa kufakazela ukuthi igesi elivuthayo, i-transformer ngeke iphinde isebenze ngaphandle kokuhlolwa okukhethekile nokuhlolwa.

Ngokwemvelo yephutha, ngokuvamile kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezenzo ze-relay yegesi: eyodwa isenzo sesignali ngaphandle kokukhubeka; enye isenzo kanyekanye salokhu okubili.

Isenzo sesignali ngaphandle kokukhubeka ngokuvamile sinezizathu ezilandelayo.

① Umoya ungena ku-transformer ngenxa yokuvuza kukawoyela, ukufaka i-refueling noma isistimu yokupholisa engalungile.

② Izinga likawoyela lehla kancane ngenxa yokwehla kwezinga lokushisa noma ukuvuza kukawoyela.

③ Inani elincane legesi likhiqizwa ngenxa yokwehluleka kwe-transformer.

④ Ibangelwa ukunqamula isifunda esifushane.

Isignali kanye neswishi zisebenza ngesikhathi esifanayo, noma ukushintsha kuphela kusebenza, okungase kube ngenxa yephutha elikhulu ngaphakathi kwe-transformer, izinga likawoyela lehla ngokushesha kakhulu, noma isifunda sesibili sedivayisi yokuvikela sinephutha. Kwezinye izimo, njengokuthi ngemva kokulungiswa, umoya osemafutheni uyahlukana ngokushesha futhi ungakhubaza iswishi.

(d) Ukwelashwa kokuvuza kukawoyela we-Transformer

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokuvuza kukawoyela: ukuvuza kukawoyela weld kanye nokuvuza kwe-seal oil. Ukwelashwa kokuvuza kwamafutha komthungo wokushisela ukulungisa ukushisela. Lapho ushisela, umzimba kufanele ukhishwe futhi uwoyela kufanele ukhishwe. Isizathu sokuvuza kwamafutha we-seal kufanele sibonakale, njengokungasebenzi kahle (i-gasket yokuvala uphawu ayifakwanga ngendlela efanele, ingcindezi ayilingani, ingcindezi ayanele, njll.), futhi kufanele ilungiswe ngendlela efanele. Uma i-gasket isikhulile noma yonakalisiwe (njengenjoloba engamelana nowoyela inamathela, ilahlekelwa ukunwebeka, imifantu, njll.), into yokuvala uphawu kufanele ishintshwe.

(3) Ukuhlolwa kokuqapha kwama-transformer acwiliswe ngamafutha

Ama-transformer asebenzayo kufanele ahlolwe njalo futhi aqashwe ukuze kutholakale izinto ezingavamile noma amaphutha ngesikhathi futhi kugwenywe izingozi ezimbi.

Izinto okufanele zihlolwe futhi ziqashwe ngokuvamile zihlanganisa:

(1) Ukuthi i-transformer inomsindo ongajwayelekile, njengomsindo ongalingani noma umsindo ophumayo.

(2) Ukuthi izinga likawoyela livamile yini nokuthi kukhona ukuvuza noma ukuvuza kukawoyela.

(3) Ukuthi izinga lokushisa likawoyela lijwayelekile yini (izinga lokushisa eliphezulu likawoyela akufanele lidlule ku-85℃ ngokujwayelekile).

(4) Ukuthi i-casing ihlanzekile, noma ngabe kukhona imifantu, umonakalo kanye nokukhishwa.

(5) Ukuthi ilunga liyashisa noma cha.

(6) Ukuthi ulwelwesi olungaqhumi lwepayipi elingaqhumi luphelele yini.

(7) Hlola ukuthi i-Buchholz relay iyavuza yini uwoyela nokuthi ingaphakathi ligcwele uwoyela yini.

(8) Ukuthi umshini wokuphefumula awuvinjiwe yini, noma izinga likawoyela lesixhumi sokuphefumula esivalwe ngowoyela livamile, nokuthi ijeli ye-silica emshinini wokuphefumula igcwele umswakama yini.

(9) Ukuthi uhlelo lokupholisa lusebenza ngokujwayelekile yini.

(10) Ukuthi intambo yaphansi yebhokisi isesimweni esihle yini.

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